Extensions to Generalized Annotated Logic and an Equivalent Neural Architecture
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Abstract (arXiv)
While deep neural networks have led to major advances in image recognition, language translation, data mining, and game playing, there are well-known limits to the paradigm such as lack of explainability, difficulty of incorporating prior knowledge, and modularity. Neuro symbolic hybrid systems have recently emerged as a straightforward way to extend deep neural networks by incorporating ideas from symbolic reasoning such as computational logic. In this paper, we propose a list desirable criteria for neuro symbolic systems and examine how some of the existing approaches address these criteria. We then propose an extension to generalized annotated logic that allows for the creation of an equivalent neural architecture comprising an alternate neuro symbolic hybrid. However, unlike previous approaches that rely on continuous optimization for the training process, our framework is designed as a binarized neural network that uses discrete optimization. We provide proofs of correctness and discuss several of the challenges that must be overcome to realize this framework in an implemented system.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Feb 2023.
Builds on
10 of 20 references.
References · 10
- 2018Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisalcited by 214
- 2017Learning Explanatory Rules from Noisy Datacited by 210
- 2020Logic Tensor Networkscited by 197
- 2020Logical Neural Networkscited by 118
- 2020Analyzing Differentiable Fuzzy Logic Operatorscited by 100
- 2015Hinge-Loss Markov Random Fields and Probabilistic Soft Logiccited by 63
- 2018Ontology Reasoning with Deep Neural Networkscited by 40
- 2021Differentiable Inductive Logic Programming for Structured Examplescited by 26
- 2013MANCaLog: A Logic for Multi-Attribute Network Cascades (Technical Report)cited by 5
- 2022Reasoning about Complex Networks: A Logic Programming Approachcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2023PyReason: Software for Open World Temporal Logiccited by 16
- 2023Scalable Semantic Non-Markovian Simulation Proxy for Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025Sea-cret Agents: Maritime Abduction for Region Generation to Expose Dark Vessel Trajectoriescited by 2
- 2024Geospatial Trajectory Generation via Efficient Abduction: Deployment for Independent Testingcited by 1
- 2026EntailLLM: Verifying LLM-Generated Vulnerability Discovery Paths with Domain Knowledge via Logic Programmingcited by 1
- 2025Lattice Annotated Temporal (LAT) Logic for Non-Markovian Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026EntailLLM: Verifying LLM-Generated Vulnerability Discovery Paths with Domain Knowledge via Logic Programming3 Aug 2026
- 2025Lattice Annotated Temporal (LAT) Logic for Non-Markovian Reasoning3 Sep 2025
- 2025Sea-cret Agents: Maritime Abduction for Region Generation to Expose Dark Vessel Trajectories3 Feb 2025
- 2024Geospatial Trajectory Generation via Efficient Abduction: Deployment for Independent Testing8 Jul 2024
- 2023Scalable Semantic Non-Markovian Simulation Proxy for Reinforcement Learning10 Oct 2023
- 2023PyReason: Software for Open World Temporal Logic27 Feb 2023
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Mapping the Neuro-Symbolic AI Landscape by Architectures: A Handbook on Augmenting Deep Learning Through Symbolic Reasoning
- 2024Neuro-symbolic Learning Yielding Logical Constraints
- 2024Symbol Correctness in Deep Neural Networks Containing Symbolic Layers
- 2025A Comparative Study of Neurosymbolic AI Approaches to Interpretable Logical Reasoning
- 2025Enhancing Symbolic Machine Learning by Subsymbolic Representations
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Towards Improving the Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models
- 2024Sisteme Hibride de Invatare Automata si Aplicatii
- 2022NeuPSL: Neural Probabilistic Soft Logic