mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Robust Image Super-Resolution in the Wild

arXiv 2302.07864 ↗First posted 15 Feb 2023cs.CV eess.IVcited by 46

On the map: Diffusion models → Inverse problems and image restoration

Abstract (arXiv)

Diffusion models have shown promising results on single-image super-resolution and other image- to-image translation tasks. Despite this success, they have not outperformed state-of-the-art GAN models on the more challenging blind super-resolution task, where the input images are out of distribution, with unknown degradations. This paper introduces SR3+, a diffusion-based model for blind super-resolution, establishing a new state-of-the-art. To this end, we advocate self-supervised training with a combination of composite, parameterized degradations for self-supervised training, and noise-conditioing augmentation during training and testing. With these innovations, a large-scale convolutional architecture, and large-scale datasets, SR3+ greatly outperforms SR3. It outperforms Real-ESRGAN when trained on the same data, with a DRealSR FID score of 36.82 vs. 37.22, which further improves to FID of 32.37 with larger models, and further still with larger training sets.

Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Inverse problems and image restoration, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 37 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Feb 2023.

Builds on

37 of 46 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2021Deblurring via Stochastic Refinement5 Dec
  2. 2021SRDiff: Single Image Super-Resolution with Diffusion Probabilistic Models30 Apr

Other references · 35

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  4. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,255
  5. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,058
  6. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  7. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,847
  8. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  9. 2013Auto-Encoding Variational Bayescited by 4,053
  10. 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,552
  11. 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,511
  12. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,300
23 more
  1. 2018Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Residual Channel Attention Networkscited by 1,264
  2. 2014Image Super-Resolution Using Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 1,224
  3. 2021Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generationcited by 1,163
  4. 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 970
  5. 2015Accurate Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 903
  6. 2021Designing a Practical Degradation Model for Deep Blind Image Super-Resolutioncited by 529
  7. 2017Deep Laplacian Pyramid Networks for Fast and Accurate Super-Resolutioncited by 453
  8. 2019Toward Real-World Single Image Super-Resolution: A New Benchmark and A New Modelcited by 403
  9. 2016Accelerating the Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 394
  10. 2020PULSE: Self-Supervised Photo Upsampling via Latent Space Exploration of Generative Modelscited by 358
  11. 2015Deeply-Recursive Convolutional Network for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 317
  12. 2017"Zero-Shot" Super-Resolution using Deep Internal Learningcited by 286
  13. 2018Fast, Accurate, and Lightweight Super-Resolution with Cascading Residual Networkcited by 264
  14. 2020Component Divide-and-Conquer for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 246
  15. 2021Unsupervised Degradation Representation Learning for Blind Super-Resolutioncited by 177
  16. 2017FSRNet: End-to-End Learning Face Super-Resolution with Facial Priorscited by 170
  17. 2021Blind Image Super-Resolution: A Survey and Beyondcited by 93
  18. 2021Flow-based Kernel Prior with Application to Blind Super-Resolutioncited by 74
  19. 2017Pixel Recursive Super Resolutioncited by 44
  20. 2021End-to-end Alternating Optimization for Blind Super Resolutioncited by 17
  21. 2019Fine-grained Attention and Feature-sharing Generative Adversarial Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 14
  22. 2022RZSR: Reference-based Zero-Shot Super-Resolution with Depth Guided Self-Exemplarscited by 8
  23. 2020CinC-GAN for Effective F0 prediction for Whisper-to-Normal Speech Conversioncited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 15; 2024: 17; 2025: 12; 2026: 2.

46 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2023Exploiting Diffusion Prior for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 489
  2. 2023Upscale-A-Video: Temporal-Consistent Diffusion Model for Real-World Video Super-Resolutioncited by 132
  3. 2023Diffusion Models for Image Restoration and Enhancement: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 109
  4. 2024Video Interpolation with Diffusion Modelscited by 68
  5. 2024AddSR: Accelerating Diffusion-based Blind Super-Resolution with Adversarial Diffusion Distillationcited by 66
  6. 2024MarDini: Masked Autoregressive Diffusion for Video Generation at Scalecited by 49
  7. 2024XPSR: Cross-modal Priors for Diffusion-based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 41
  8. 2024Efficient Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey from Principles to Practicescited by 41
  9. 2023Any-Size-Diffusion: Toward Efficient Text-Driven Synthesis for Any-Size HD Imagescited by 36
  10. 2024Conditional Image Synthesis with Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 29
  11. 2024You Only Need One Step: Fast Super-Resolution with Stable Diffusion via Scale Distillationcited by 24
  12. 2023Super-NeRF: View-consistent Detail Generation for NeRF super-resolutioncited by 21
34 more
  1. 2023Blind Audio Bandwidth Extension: A Diffusion-Based Zero-Shot Approachcited by 21
  2. 2024Bigger is not Always Better: Scaling Properties of Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 21
  3. 2024Photo-Realistic Image Restoration in the Wild with Controlled Vision-Language Modelscited by 19
  4. 2025EDEN: Enhanced Diffusion for High-quality Large-motion Video Frame Interpolationcited by 19
  5. 2023Enhancing Perceptual Quality in Video Super-Resolution through Temporally-Consistent Detail Synthesis using Diffusion Modelscited by 18
  6. 2024Automated data processing and feature engineering for deep learning and big data applications: a surveycited by 14
  7. 2023Image Super-resolution Via Latent Diffusion: A Sampling-space Mixture Of Experts And Frequency-augmented Decoder Approachcited by 13
  8. 2023CoBIT: A Contrastive Bi-directional Image-Text Generation Modelcited by 11
  9. 2023Squeezing Large-Scale Diffusion Models for Mobilecited by 11
  10. 2025NTIRE 2025 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Quality Assessment and Enhancement: KwaiSR Dataset and Studycited by 11
  11. 2024AdaDiffSR: Adaptive Region-aware Dynamic Acceleration Diffusion Model for Real-World Image Super-Resolutioncited by 8
  12. 2023Solving Diffusion ODEs with Optimal Boundary Conditions for Better Image Super-Resolutioncited by 7
  13. 2024Edge-SD-SR: Low Latency and Parameter Efficient On-device Super-Resolution with Stable Diffusion via Bidirectional Conditioningcited by 7
  14. 2025Text-Aware Image Restoration with Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  15. 2023DWA: Differential Wavelet Amplifier for Image Super-Resolutioncited by 4
  16. 2025Structure-guided Diffusion Transformer for Low-Light Image Enhancementcited by 4
  17. 2023AniRes2D: Anisotropic Residual-enhanced Diffusion for 2D MR Super-Resolutioncited by 3
  18. 2024Navigating Beyond Dropout: An Intriguing Solution Towards Generalizable Image Super Resolutioncited by 3
  19. 2024DiffHarmony: Latent Diffusion Model Meets Image Harmonizationcited by 3
  20. 2024Does Diffusion Beat GAN in Image Super Resolution?cited by 3
  21. 2024InstantIR: Blind Image Restoration with Instant Generative Referencecited by 3
  22. 2025INDIGO+: A Unified INN-Guided Probabilistic Diffusion Algorithm for Blind and Non-Blind Image Restorationcited by 3
  23. 2025Unified Diffusion Transformer for High-fidelity Text-Aware Image Restorationcited by 3
  24. 2024Towards Unsupervised Blind Face Restoration using Diffusion Priorcited by 2
  25. 2026MFSR: MeanFlow Distillation for One Step Real-World Image Super Resolutioncited by 2
  26. 2023Super resolution of histopathological frozen sections via deep learning preserving tissue structurecited by 1
  27. 2025A Simple Combination of Diffusion Models for Better Quality Trade-Offs in Image Denoisingcited by 1
  28. 2025Deep Learning Empowered Super-Resolution: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospectscited by 1
  29. 2025Learning to Refocus with Video Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  30. 2026Disentangled Textual Priors for Diffusion-based Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1
  31. 2023SVDM: Single-View Diffusion Model for Pseudo-Stereo 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
  32. 2025SupResDiffGAN a new approach for the Super-Resolution taskcited by 0
  33. 2025LatentINDIGO: An INN-Guided Latent Diffusion Algorithm for Image Restorationcited by 0
  34. 2025Not All Degradations Are Equal: A Targeted Feature Denoising Framework for Generalizable Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Degradation-Guided One-Step Image Super-Resolution with Diffusion Priors
  2. 2023ACDMSR: Accelerated Conditional Diffusion Models for Single Image Super-Resolution
  3. 2026TEASR: Training-Efficient Any-Step Diffusion Transformer for Real-World Image Super-Resolution
  4. 2025Boosting Diffusion Guidance via Learning Degradation-Aware Models for Blind Super Resolution
  5. 2026LPNSR: Learnable Noise Prediction for Diffusion-Based Image Super-Resolution
  6. 2024Adversarial Diffusion Compression for Real-World Image Super-Resolution
  7. 2025TinySR: Pruning Diffusion for Real-World Image Super-Resolution
  8. 2026Perceptually Regularized Diffusion Model for Image Super-Resolution