mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Gender Neutralization for an Inclusive Machine Translation: from Theoretical Foundations to Open Challenges

arXiv 2301.10075 ↗First posted 24 Jan 2023cs.CLcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Gender inclusivity in language technologies has become a prominent research topic. In this study, we explore gender-neutral translation (GNT) as a form of gender inclusivity and a goal to be achieved by machine translation (MT) models, which have been found to perpetuate gender bias and discrimination. Specifically, we focus on translation from English into Italian, a language pair representative of salient gender-related linguistic transfer problems. To define GNT, we review a selection of relevant institutional guidelines for gender-inclusive language, discuss its scenarios of use, and examine the technical challenges of performing GNT in MT, concluding with a discussion of potential solutions to encourage advancements toward greater inclusivity in MT.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2023.

Builds on

28 of 61 references.

References · 28

  1. 2020COMET: A Neural Framework for MT Evaluationcited by 1,024
  2. 2020Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of "Bias" in NLPcited by 951
  3. 2019Evaluating Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 247
  4. 2017Lexically Constrained Decoding for Sequence Generation Using Grid Beam Searchcited by 234
  5. 2018Fast Lexically Constrained Decoding with Dynamic Beam Allocation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 181
  6. 2021Harms of Gender Exclusivity and Challenges in Non-Binary Representation in Language Technologiescited by 128
  7. 2018Assessing Gender Bias in Machine Translation -- A Case Study with Google Translatecited by 121
  8. 2021Gender Bias in Machine Translationcited by 116
  9. 2019Getting Gender Right in Neural Machine Translationcited by 98
  10. 2017Evaluating Discourse Phenomena in Neural Machine Translationcited by 87
  11. 2020Reducing Gender Bias in Neural Machine Translation as a Domain Adaptation Problemcited by 86
  12. 2019Toward Gender-Inclusive Coreference Resolutioncited by 84
16 more
  1. 2019Training Neural Machine Translation To Apply Terminology Constraintscited by 73
  2. 2019On Measuring Gender Bias in Translation of Gender-neutral Pronounscited by 59
  3. 2020Gender in Danger? Evaluating Speech Translation Technology on the MuST-SHE Corpuscited by 57
  4. 2019Code-Switching for Enhancing NMT with Pre-Specified Translationcited by 53
  5. 2022Welcome to the Modern World of Pronouns: Identity-Inclusive Natural Language Processing beyond Gendercited by 47
  6. 2021NeuTral Rewriter: A Rule-Based and Neural Approach to Automatic Rewriting into Gender-Neutral Alternativescited by 46
  7. 2019When and Why is Document-level Context Useful in Neural Machine Translation?cited by 45
  8. 2021They, Them, Theirs: Rewriting with Gender-Neutral Englishcited by 44
  9. 2020Mitigating Gender Bias in Machine Translation with Target Gender Annotationscited by 42
  10. 2020Does Multi-Encoder Help? A Case Study on Context-Aware Neural Machine Translationcited by 34
  11. 2021First the worst: Finding better gender translations during beam searchcited by 28
  12. 2020Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of a Pretrained Cross-Lingual Language Modelcited by 24
  13. 2022Under the Morphosyntactic Lens: A Multifaceted Evaluation of Gender Bias in Speech Translationcited by 23
  14. 2022Why is constrained neural language generation particularly challenging?cited by 19
  15. 2021Input Augmentation Improves Constrained Beam Search for Neural Machine Translation: NTT at WAT 2021cited by 4
  16. 2022"Es geht um Respekt, nicht um Technologie": Erkenntnisse aus einem Interessensgruppen-"ubergreifenden Workshop zu genderfairer Sprache und Sprachtechnologiecited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 7; 2025: 10; 2026: 2.

22 papers.

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  1. 2023Hi Guys or Hi Folks? Benchmarking Gender-Neutral Machine Translation with the GeNTE Corpuscited by 20
  2. 2024From 'Showgirls' to 'Performers': Fine-tuning with Gender-inclusive Language for Bias Reduction in LLMscited by 15
  3. 2024What the Harm? Quantifying the Tangible Impact of Gender Bias in Machine Translation with a Human-centered Studycited by 15
  4. 2024A Prompt Response to the Demand for Automatic Gender-Neutral Translationcited by 12
  5. 2024Enhancing Gender-Inclusive Machine Translation with Neomorphemes and Large Language Modelscited by 7
  6. 2023Test Suites Task: Evaluation of Gender Fairness in MT with MuST-SHE and INEScited by 6
  7. 2024The Lou Dataset -- Exploring the Impact of Gender-Fair Language in German Text Classificationcited by 5
  8. 2025Assumed Identities: Quantifying Gender Bias in Machine Translation of Gender-Ambiguous Occupational Termscited by 5
  9. 2023Gender Inflected or Bias Inflicted: On Using Grammatical Gender Cues for Bias Evaluation in Machine Translationcited by 4
  10. 2024GATE X-E : A Challenge Set for Gender-Fair Translations from Weakly-Gendered Languagescited by 4
  11. 2025On the Mutual Influence of Gender and Occupation in LLM Representationscited by 4
  12. 2025GAMBIT+: A Challenge Set for Evaluating Gender Bias in Machine Translation Quality Estimation Metricscited by 4
10 more
  1. 2024Generating Gender Alternatives in Machine Translationcited by 3
  2. 2025Gender Bias in English-to-Greek Machine Translationcited by 3
  3. 2025Gender-Neutral Machine Translation Strategies in Practicecited by 3
  4. 2025The Unheard Alternative: Contrastive Explanations for Speech-to-Text Modelscited by 3
  5. 2025An LLM-as-a-judge Approach for Scalable Gender-Neutral Translation Evaluationcited by 2
  6. 2025What Triggers my Model? Contrastive Explanations Inform Gender Choices by Translation Modelscited by 2
  7. 2026Neuron-Level Interventions for Gendered and Gender-Neutral Generation in Language Modelscited by 2
  8. 2025Identifying Gender Stereotypes and Biases in Automated Translation from English to Italian using Similarity Networkscited by 1
  9. 2025Gender-Neutral Rewriting in Italian: Models, Approaches, and Trade-offscited by 0
  10. 2026Explaining GAND: A Resource on Gender-Ambiguous Natural Data & Contrastive Attributioncited by 0