mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Text-to-speech synthesis based on latent variable conversion using diffusion probabilistic model and variational autoencoder

arXiv 2212.08329 ↗First posted 16 Dec 2022eess.AS cs.CL stat.MLcited by 2

On the map: Diffusion models → Audio, speech and music

Abstract (arXiv)

Text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) is a task to convert texts into speech. Two of the factors that have been driving TTS are the advancements of probabilistic models and latent representation learning. We propose a TTS method based on latent variable conversion using a diffusion probabilistic model and the variational autoencoder (VAE). In our TTS method, we use a waveform model based on VAE, a diffusion model that predicts the distribution of latent variables in the waveform model from texts, and an alignment model that learns alignments between the text and speech latent sequences. Our method integrates diffusion with VAE by modeling both mean and variance parameters with diffusion, where the target distribution is determined by approximation from VAE. This latent variable conversion framework potentially enables us to flexibly incorporate various latent feature extractors. Our experiments show that our method is robust to linguistic labels with poor orthography and alignment errors.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio, speech and music, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 28 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2022.

Builds on

28 of 35 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022ProDiff: Progressive Fast Diffusion Model For High-Quality Text-to-Speech13 Jul
  2. 2022Zero-Shot Voice Conditioning for Denoising Diffusion TTS Models5 Jun
  3. 2021Guided-TTS: A Diffusion Model for Text-to-Speech via Classifier Guidance23 Nov
  4. 2021PriorGrad: Improving Conditional Denoising Diffusion Models with Data-Dependent Adaptive Prior11 Jun
  5. 2021Grad-TTS: A Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Text-to-Speech13 May
  6. 2021Diff-TTS: A Denoising Diffusion Model for Text-to-Speech3 Apr

Other references · 22

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  3. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,713
  4. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  5. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
  6. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,101
  7. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,761
  8. 2015Variational Inference with Normalizing Flowscited by 2,170
  9. 2016WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audiocited by 1,722
  10. 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,154
  11. 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 804
  12. 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 717
10 more
  1. 2020WaveGrad: Estimating Gradients for Waveform Generationcited by 622
  2. 2021Conditional Variational Autoencoder with Adversarial Learning for End-to-End Text-to-Speechcited by 561
  3. 2020Glow-TTS: A Generative Flow for Text-to-Speech via Monotonic Alignment Searchcited by 273
  4. 2018Hierarchical Generative Modeling for Controllable Speech Synthesiscited by 93
  5. 2021WaveGrad 2: Iterative Refinement for Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 65
  6. 2021PnG BERT: Augmented BERT on Phonemes and Graphemes for Neural TTScited by 52
  7. 2019Fine-grained robust prosody transfer for single-speaker neural text-to-speechcited by 27
  8. 2019Semi-Supervised Generative Modeling for Controllable Speech Synthesiscited by 21
  9. 2022WavThruVec: Latent speech representation as intermediate features for neural speech synthesiscited by 17
  10. 2018Neural Speech Synthesis with Transformer Networkcited by 14

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024LatentSpeech: Latent Diffusion for Text-To-Speech Generation
  2. 2024Multimodal Latent Language Modeling with Next-Token Diffusion
  3. 2025MELA-TTS: Joint transformer-diffusion model with representation alignment for speech synthesis
  4. 2024SimpleSpeech: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Models
  5. 2023High-Fidelity Speech Synthesis with Minimal Supervision: All Using Diffusion Models
  6. 2025M3-TTS: Multi-modal DiT Alignment & Mel-latent for Zero-shot High-fidelity Speech Synthesis
  7. 2024SimpleSpeech 2: Towards Simple and Efficient Text-to-Speech with Flow-based Scalar Latent Transformer Diffusion Models
  8. 2021Discrete Acoustic Space for an Efficient Sampling in Neural Text-To-Speech