Unbiased Supervised Contrastive Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Many datasets are biased, namely they contain easy-to-learn features that are highly correlated with the target class only in the dataset but not in the true underlying distribution of the data. For this reason, learning unbiased models from biased data has become a very relevant research topic in the last years. In this work, we tackle the problem of learning representations that are robust to biases. We first present a margin-based theoretical framework that allows us to clarify why recent contrastive losses (InfoNCE, SupCon, etc.) can fail when dealing with biased data. Based on that, we derive a novel formulation of the supervised contrastive loss (epsilon-SupInfoNCE), providing more accurate control of the minimal distance between positive and negative samples. Furthermore, thanks to our theoretical framework, we also propose FairKL, a new debiasing regularization loss, that works well even with extremely biased data. We validate the proposed losses on standard vision datasets including CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and ImageNet, and we assess the debiasing capability of FairKL with epsilon-SupInfoNCE, reaching state-of-the-art performance on a number of biased datasets, including real instances of biases in the wild.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Nov 2022.
Builds on
35 of 55 references.
References · 35
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
- 2019Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Perturbationscited by 2,857
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
- 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,803
- 2018ImageNet-trained CNNs are biased towards texture; increasing shape bias improves accuracy and robustnesscited by 1,430
- 2019Natural Adversarial Examplescited by 1,401
- 2018Generalized Cross Entropy Loss for Training Deep Neural Networks with Noisy Labelscited by 994
- 2019Adversarial Examples Are Not Bugs, They Are Featurescited by 950
- 2017In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identificationcited by 784
- 2019On Variational Bounds of Mutual Informationcited by 550
23 more
- 2018Invariant Information Clustering for Unsupervised Image Classification and Segmentationcited by 454
- 2019Don't Take the Easy Way Out: Ensemble Based Methods for Avoiding Known Dataset Biasescited by 279
- 2019Approximating CNNs with Bag-of-local-Features models works surprisingly well on ImageNetcited by 260
- 2018Learning Not to Learn: Training Deep Neural Networks with Biased Datacited by 255
- 2019Towards Fairness in Visual Recognition: Effective Strategies for Bias Mitigationcited by 252
- 2019Learning De-biased Representations with Biased Representationscited by 199
- 2014Learning Fine-grained Image Similarity with Deep Rankingcited by 189
- 2019RUBi: Reducing Unimodal Biases in Visual Question Answeringcited by 183
- 2017Machine Learning Models that Remember Too Muchcited by 165
- 2018FairGAN: Fairness-aware Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 164
- 2020Learning from Failure: Training Debiased Classifier from Biased Classifiercited by 133
- 2017Controllable Invariance through Adversarial Feature Learningcited by 127
- 2019Learning Robust Representations by Projecting Superficial Statistics Outcited by 123
- 2021Learning Debiased Representation via Disentangled Feature Augmentationcited by 116
- 2018Turning a Blind Eye: Explicit Removal of Biases and Variation from Deep Neural Network Embeddingscited by 114
- 2018Large Margin Deep Networks for Classificationcited by 110
- 2021EnD: Entangling and Disentangling deep representations for bias correctioncited by 105
- 2015A Deeper Look at Dataset Biascited by 86
- 2019Ranked List Loss for Deep Metric Learningcited by 77
- 2020Shape-Texture Debiased Neural Network Trainingcited by 76
- 2018Robot Learning in Homes: Improving Generalization and Reducing Dataset Biascited by 75
- 2019Putting Fairness Principles into Practice: Challenges, Metrics, and Improvementscited by 70
- 2022Pseudo Bias-Balanced Learning for Debiased Chest X-ray Classificationcited by 14
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 7; 2024: 13; 2025: 16; 2026: 3.
40 papers.
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- 2023FLAC: Fairness-Aware Representation Learning by Suppressing Attribute-Class Associationscited by 18
- 2022Contrastive learning for regression in multi-site brain age predictioncited by 14
- 2023InfoCL: Alleviating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Text Classification from An Information Theoretic Perspectivecited by 7
- 2024Double InfoGAN for Contrastive Analysiscited by 7
- 2024Separating common from salient patterns with Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 6
- 2023Mining bias-target Alignment from Voronoi Cellscited by 5
- 2023Revisiting Recommendation Loss Functions through Contrastive Learning (Technical Report)cited by 5
- 2024BAdd: Bias Mitigation through Bias Additioncited by 5
- 2024MAVias: Mitigate any Visual Biascited by 5
- 2024Say My Name: a Model's Bias Discovery Frameworkcited by 4
- 2023SINCERE: Supervised Information Noise-Contrastive Estimation REvisitedcited by 3
- 2024WISER: Weak supervISion and supErvised Representation learning to improve drug response prediction in cancercited by 3
28 more
- 2025Diffusing DeBias: Synthetic Bias Amplification for Model Debiasingcited by 3
- 2025Processing and acquisition traces in visual encoders: What does CLIP know about your camera?cited by 3
- 2025Learning Common and Salient Generative Factors Between Two Image Datasetscited by 3
- 2024Debiasing surgeon: fantastic weights and how to find themcited by 2
- 2025NeuronTune: Towards Self-Guided Spurious Bias Mitigationcited by 2
- 2025Probabilistic Variational Contrastive Learningcited by 2
- 2025VB-Mitigator: An Open-source Framework for Evaluating and Advancing Visual Bias Mitigationcited by 2
- 2023RepCL: Exploring Effective Representation for Continual Text Classificationcited by 1
- 2023Weakly-supervised positional contrastive learning: application to cirrhosis classificationcited by 1
- 2024Marginal Debiased Network for Fair Visual Recognitioncited by 1
- 2024AI-Assisted Diagnosis for Covid-19 CXR Screening: From Data Collection to Clinical Validationcited by 1
- 2024Unsupervised contrastive analysis for anomaly detection in brain MRIs via conditional diffusion modelscited by 1
- 2024CosFairNet:A Parameter-Space based Approach for Bias Free Learningcited by 1
- 2025Multi-level Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 1
- 2025Generalizing Supervised Contrastive learning: A Projection Perspectivecited by 1
- 2025How does Labeling Error Impact Contrastive Learning? A Perspective from Data Dimensionality Reductioncited by 1
- 2024An Attention-based Framework for Fair Contrastive Learningcited by 0
- 2024If you can describe it, they can see it: Cross-Modal Learning of Visual Concepts from Textual Descriptionscited by 0
- 2025A Critical Review of Predominant Bias in Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Robust brain age estimation from structural MRI with contrastive learningcited by 0
- 2025Self-Supervised Learning at the Edge: The Cost of Labelingcited by 0
- 2025Multi Attribute Bias Mitigation via Representation Learningcited by 0
- 2025FairContrast: Enhancing Fairness through Contrastive learning and Customized Augmenting Methods on Tabular Datacited by 0
- 2025Transformed Multi-view 3D Shape Features with Contrastive Learningcited by 0
- 2025Context-Enriched Contrastive Loss: Enhancing Presentation of Inherent Sample Connections in Contrastive Learning Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Affinity Contrastive Learning for Skeleton-based Human Activity Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Reducing Class-Wise Performance Disparity via Margin Regularizationcited by 0
- 2026Contrastive Learning under Noisy Temporal Self-Supervision for Colonoscopy Videoscited by 0
- 2026Contrastive Learning under Noisy Temporal Self-Supervision for Colonoscopy Videos12 May 2026
- 2026Reducing Class-Wise Performance Disparity via Margin Regularization30 Jan 2026
- 2026Affinity Contrastive Learning for Skeleton-based Human Activity Understanding23 Jan 2026
- 2025Learning Common and Salient Generative Factors Between Two Image Datasets14 Dec 2025
- 2025Context-Enriched Contrastive Loss: Enhancing Presentation of Inherent Sample Connections in Contrastive Learning Framework1 Dec 2025
- 2025Transformed Multi-view 3D Shape Features with Contrastive Learning22 Oct 2025
- 2025FairContrast: Enhancing Fairness through Contrastive learning and Customized Augmenting Methods on Tabular Data2 Oct 2025
- 2025Multi Attribute Bias Mitigation via Representation Learning3 Sep 2025
- 2025Processing and acquisition traces in visual encoders: What does CLIP know about your camera?14 Aug 2025
- 2025VB-Mitigator: An Open-source Framework for Evaluating and Advancing Visual Bias Mitigation24 Jul 2025
- 2025How does Labeling Error Impact Contrastive Learning? A Perspective from Data Dimensionality Reduction15 Jul 2025
- 2025Self-Supervised Learning at the Edge: The Cost of Labeling9 Jul 2025
28 more
- 2025Robust brain age estimation from structural MRI with contrastive learning2 Jul 2025
- 2025Probabilistic Variational Contrastive Learning11 Jun 2025
- 2025Generalizing Supervised Contrastive learning: A Projection Perspective11 Jun 2025
- 2025NeuronTune: Towards Self-Guided Spurious Bias Mitigation29 May 2025
- 2025A Critical Review of Predominant Bias in Neural Networks16 Feb 2025
- 2025Diffusing DeBias: Synthetic Bias Amplification for Model Debiasing13 Feb 2025
- 2025Multi-level Supervised Contrastive Learning4 Feb 2025
- 2024MAVias: Mitigate any Visual Bias9 Dec 2024
- 2024If you can describe it, they can see it: Cross-Modal Learning of Visual Concepts from Textual Descriptions23 Nov 2024
- 2024An Attention-based Framework for Fair Contrastive Learning22 Nov 2024
- 2024CosFairNet:A Parameter-Space based Approach for Bias Free Learning19 Oct 2024
- 2024BAdd: Bias Mitigation through Bias Addition21 Aug 2024
- 2024Say My Name: a Model's Bias Discovery Framework18 Aug 2024
- 2024Unsupervised contrastive analysis for anomaly detection in brain MRIs via conditional diffusion models2 Jun 2024
- 2024AI-Assisted Diagnosis for Covid-19 CXR Screening: From Data Collection to Clinical Validation19 May 2024
- 2024WISER: Weak supervISion and supErvised Representation learning to improve drug response prediction in cancer7 May 2024
- 2024Debiasing surgeon: fantastic weights and how to find them21 Mar 2024
- 2024Separating common from salient patterns with Contrastive Representation Learning19 Feb 2024
- 2024Double InfoGAN for Contrastive Analysis31 Jan 2024
- 2024Marginal Debiased Network for Fair Visual Recognition4 Jan 2024
- 2023Revisiting Recommendation Loss Functions through Contrastive Learning (Technical Report)13 Dec 2023
- 2023InfoCL: Alleviating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Text Classification from An Information Theoretic Perspective10 Oct 2023
- 2023SINCERE: Supervised Information Noise-Contrastive Estimation REvisited25 Sep 2023
- 2023Weakly-supervised positional contrastive learning: application to cirrhosis classification10 Jul 2023
- 2023RepCL: Exploring Effective Representation for Continual Text Classification12 May 2023
- 2023Mining bias-target Alignment from Voronoi Cells5 May 2023
- 2023FLAC: Fairness-Aware Representation Learning by Suppressing Attribute-Class Associations27 Apr 2023
- 2022Contrastive learning for regression in multi-site brain age prediction14 Nov 2022
- 2023FLAC: Fairness-Aware Representation Learning by Suppressing Attribute-Class Associationscited by 18
- 2022Contrastive learning for regression in multi-site brain age predictioncited by 14
- 2023InfoCL: Alleviating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Text Classification from An Information Theoretic Perspectivecited by 7
- 2024Double InfoGAN for Contrastive Analysiscited by 7
- 2024Separating common from salient patterns with Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 6
- 2023Mining bias-target Alignment from Voronoi Cellscited by 5
- 2023Revisiting Recommendation Loss Functions through Contrastive Learning (Technical Report)cited by 5
- 2024BAdd: Bias Mitigation through Bias Additioncited by 5
- 2024MAVias: Mitigate any Visual Biascited by 5
- 2024Say My Name: a Model's Bias Discovery Frameworkcited by 4
- 2023SINCERE: Supervised Information Noise-Contrastive Estimation REvisitedcited by 3
- 2024WISER: Weak supervISion and supErvised Representation learning to improve drug response prediction in cancercited by 3
12 most cited of 38 All 38 (JSON)
- 2026Contrastive Learning under Noisy Temporal Self-Supervision for Colonoscopy Videos12 May 2026
- 2026Reducing Class-Wise Performance Disparity via Margin Regularization30 Jan 2026
- 2026Affinity Contrastive Learning for Skeleton-based Human Activity Understanding23 Jan 2026
- 2025Learning Common and Salient Generative Factors Between Two Image Datasets14 Dec 2025
- 2025Context-Enriched Contrastive Loss: Enhancing Presentation of Inherent Sample Connections in Contrastive Learning Framework1 Dec 2025
- 2025Transformed Multi-view 3D Shape Features with Contrastive Learning22 Oct 2025
- 2025FairContrast: Enhancing Fairness through Contrastive learning and Customized Augmenting Methods on Tabular Data2 Oct 2025
- 2025Multi Attribute Bias Mitigation via Representation Learning3 Sep 2025
- 2025Processing and acquisition traces in visual encoders: What does CLIP know about your camera?14 Aug 2025
- 2025VB-Mitigator: An Open-source Framework for Evaluating and Advancing Visual Bias Mitigation24 Jul 2025
- 2025How does Labeling Error Impact Contrastive Learning? A Perspective from Data Dimensionality Reduction15 Jul 2025
- 2025Self-Supervised Learning at the Edge: The Cost of Labeling9 Jul 2025
12 newest of 38 All 38 (JSON)