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Third-Party Aligner for Neural Word Alignments

arXiv 2211.04198 ↗First posted 8 Nov 2022cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Word alignment is to find translationally equivalent words between source and target sentences. Previous work has demonstrated that self-training can achieve competitive word alignment results. In this paper, we propose to use word alignments generated by a third-party word aligner to supervise the neural word alignment training. Specifically, source word and target word of each word pair aligned by the third-party aligner are trained to be close neighbors to each other in the contextualized embedding space when fine-tuning a pre-trained cross-lingual language model. Experiments on the benchmarks of various language pairs show that our approach can surprisingly do self-correction over the third-party supervision by finding more accurate word alignments and deleting wrong word alignments, leading to better performance than various third-party word aligners, including the currently best one. When we integrate all supervisions from various third-party aligners, we achieve state-of-the-art word alignment performances, with averagely more than two points lower alignment error rates than the best third-party aligner. We released our code at https://github.com/sdongchuanqi/Third-Party-Supervised-Aligner.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Nov 2022.

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29 of 52 references.

References · 29

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,907
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  9. 2021Word Alignment by Fine-tuning Embeddings on Parallel Corporacited by 186
  10. 2019Sparse Sequence-to-Sequence Modelscited by 167
  11. 2020SimAlign: High Quality Word Alignments without Parallel Training Data using Static and Contextualized Embeddingscited by 155
  12. 2020Multilingual Alignment of Contextual Word Representationscited by 113
17 more
  1. 2016Modeling Coverage for Neural Machine Translationcited by 110
  2. 2018Identifying and Controlling Important Neurons in Neural Machine Translationcited by 110
  3. 2019Jointly Learning to Align and Translate with Transformer Modelscited by 75
  4. 2020On the Inference Calibration of Neural Machine Translationcited by 61
  5. 2019How Language-Neutral is Multilingual BERT?cited by 51
  6. 2019compare-mt: A Tool for Holistic Comparison of Language Generation Systemscited by 43
  7. 2018Neural Machine Translation Decoding with Terminology Constraintscited by 36
  8. 2016Incorporating Discrete Translation Lexicons into Neural Machine Translationcited by 33
  9. 2020Accurate Word Alignment Induction from Neural Machine Translationcited by 32
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  11. 2019Adding Interpretable Attention to Neural Translation Models Improves Word Alignmentcited by 30
  12. 2020End-to-End Neural Word Alignment Outperforms GIZA++cited by 28
  13. 2019Saliency-driven Word Alignment Interpretation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 27
  14. 2016Massively Multilingual Word Embeddingscited by 26
  15. 2020Mask-Align: Self-Supervised Neural Word Alignmentcited by 20
  16. 2014Cross-lingual Annotation Projection for Semantic Rolescited by 11
  17. 2018Decoupling Structure and Lexicon for Zero-Shot Semantic Parsingcited by 11

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  1. 2022Cross-Align: Modeling Deep Cross-lingual Interactions for Word Alignment
  2. 2023Multilingual Sentence Transformer as A Multilingual Word Aligner
  3. 2021Improving Pretrained Cross-Lingual Language Models via Self-Labeled Word Alignment
  4. 2024Aligner: Efficient Alignment by Learning to Correct
  5. 2025TransAlign: Machine Translation Encoders are Strong Word Aligners, Too
  6. 2024Is Free Self-Alignment Possible?
  7. 2024Aligners: Decoupling LLMs and Alignment
  8. 2026Cross-Lingual Alignment Without Joint Training: Do Monolingual Language Models Converge on Universal Representations?