Quality Matters: Embracing Quality Clues for Robust 3D Multi-Object Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
3D Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) has achieved tremendous achievement thanks to the rapid development of 3D object detection and 2D MOT. Recent advanced works generally employ a series of object attributes, e.g., position, size, velocity, and appearance, to provide the clues for the association in 3D MOT. However, these cues may not be reliable due to some visual noise, such as occlusion and blur, leading to tracking performance bottleneck. To reveal the dilemma, we conduct extensive empirical analysis to expose the key bottleneck of each clue and how they correlate with each other. The analysis results motivate us to efficiently absorb the merits among all cues, and adaptively produce an optimal tacking manner. Specifically, we present Location and Velocity Quality Learning, which efficiently guides the network to estimate the quality of predicted object attributes. Based on these quality estimations, we propose a quality-aware object association (QOA) strategy to leverage the quality score as an important reference factor for achieving robust association. Despite its simplicity, extensive experiments indicate that the proposed strategy significantly boosts tracking performance by 2.2% AMOTA and our method outperforms all existing state-of-the-art works on nuScenes by a large margin. Moreover, QTrack achieves 48.0% and 51.1% AMOTA tracking performance on the nuScenes validation and test sets, which significantly reduces the performance gap between pure camera and LiDAR based trackers.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Aug 2022.
Builds on
36 of 43 references.
References · 36
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,715
- 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,577
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,218
- 2020Center-based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 1,144
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 941
- 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 891
- 2021ByteTrack: Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 823
- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 713
- 2021DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 658
24 more
- 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 572
- 2022PETR: Position Embedding Transformation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 552
- 2020FairMOT: On the Fairness of Detection and Re-Identification in Multiple Object Trackingcited by 490
- 2020Tracking Objects as Pointscited by 483
- 2021FCOS3D: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 447
- 2019Class-balanced Grouping and Sampling for Point Cloud 3D Object Detectioncited by 350
- 2019Mask Scoring R-CNNcited by 266
- 2021Is Pseudo-Lidar needed for Monocular 3D Object detection?cited by 249
- 2018Acquisition of Localization Confidence for Accurate Object Detectioncited by 176
- 2020GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking with Multi-Feature Learningcited by 113
- 2021SimpleTrack: Understanding and Rethinking 3D Multi-object Trackingcited by 103
- 2022MUTR3D: A Multi-camera Tracking Framework via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 91
- 2021Monocular Quasi-Dense 3D Object Trackingcited by 81
- 2021DEFT: Detection Embeddings for Trackingcited by 56
- 2021RelationTrack: Relation-aware Multiple Object Tracking with Decoupled Representationcited by 52
- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 46
- 2020MAT: Motion-Aware Multi-Object Trackingcited by 40
- 2019IoU-aware Single-stage Object Detector for Accurate Localizationcited by 36
- 2022Towards Discriminative Representation: Multi-view Trajectory Contrastive Learning for Online Multi-object Trackingcited by 33
- 2022Real-time Object Detection for Streaming Perceptioncited by 30
- 2022Time3D: End-to-End Joint Monocular 3D Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2022DBQ-SSD: Dynamic Ball Query for Efficient 3D Object Detectioncited by 25
- 2022StreamYOLO: Real-time Object Detection for Streaming Perceptioncited by 7
- 2021SCD: A Stacked Carton Dataset for Detection and Segmentationcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,087
- 2023Exploring Object-Centric Temporal Modeling for Efficient Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 315
- 2022Sparse4D: Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Sparse Spatial-Temporal Fusioncited by 162
- 2023Sparse4D v3: Advancing End-to-End 3D Detection and Trackingcited by 70
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 47
- 2023BEVNeXt: Reviving Dense BEV Frameworks for 3D Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2024Unleashing HyDRa: Hybrid Fusion, Depth Consistency and Radar for Unified 3D Perceptioncited by 35
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perceptioncited by 12
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 9
5 more
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Reviewcited by 4
- 2024S2-Track: A Simple yet Strong Approach for End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2026Leveraging Previous-Traversal Point Cloud Map Priors for Camera-Based 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 2
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Leveraging Previous-Traversal Point Cloud Map Priors for Camera-Based 3D Object Detection and Tracking28 Apr 2026
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Tracking11 Oct 2025
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perception25 Jul 2025
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection29 Nov 2024
- 2024S2-Track: A Simple yet Strong Approach for End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Tracking4 Jun 2024
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2024
- 2024SparseAD: Sparse Query-Centric Paradigm for Efficient End-to-End Autonomous Driving10 Apr 2024
- 2024Unleashing HyDRa: Hybrid Fusion, Depth Consistency and Radar for Unified 3D Perception12 Mar 2024
- 2023BEVNeXt: Reviving Dense BEV Frameworks for 3D Object Detection4 Dec 2023
- 2023Sparse4D v3: Advancing End-to-End 3D Detection and Tracking20 Nov 2023
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Review27 Sep 2023
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Tracking29 Mar 2023
5 more
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Box27 Mar 2023
- 2023Exploring Object-Centric Temporal Modeling for Efficient Multi-View 3D Object Detection21 Mar 2023
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perception10 Mar 2023
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Driving20 Dec 2022
- 2022Sparse4D: Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Sparse Spatial-Temporal Fusion19 Nov 2022
- 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,087
- 2023Exploring Object-Centric Temporal Modeling for Efficient Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 315
- 2022Sparse4D: Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Sparse Spatial-Temporal Fusioncited by 162
- 2023Sparse4D v3: Advancing End-to-End 3D Detection and Trackingcited by 70
- 2023Exploring Recurrent Long-term Temporal Fusion for Multi-view 3D Perceptioncited by 65
- 2023BEVNeXt: Reviving Dense BEV Frameworks for 3D Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2024Unleashing HyDRa: Hybrid Fusion, Depth Consistency and Radar for Unified 3D Perceptioncited by 35
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Boxcited by 20
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perceptioncited by 12
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 9
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 8
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Leveraging Previous-Traversal Point Cloud Map Priors for Camera-Based 3D Object Detection and Tracking28 Apr 2026
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Tracking11 Oct 2025
- 2025CoopTrack: Exploring End-to-End Learning for Efficient Cooperative Sequential Perception25 Jul 2025
- 2024SpaRC: Sparse Radar-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection29 Nov 2024
- 2024S2-Track: A Simple yet Strong Approach for End-to-End 3D Multi-Object Tracking4 Jun 2024
- 2024Inverse Neural Rendering for Explainable Multi-Object Tracking18 Apr 2024
- 2024Unleashing HyDRa: Hybrid Fusion, Depth Consistency and Radar for Unified 3D Perception12 Mar 2024
- 2023BEVNeXt: Reviving Dense BEV Frameworks for 3D Object Detection4 Dec 2023
- 2023Sparse4D v3: Advancing End-to-End 3D Detection and Tracking20 Nov 2023
- 20233D Multiple Object Tracking on Autonomous Driving: A Literature Review27 Sep 2023
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Tracking29 Mar 2023
- 2023ByteTrackV2: 2D and 3D Multi-Object Tracking by Associating Every Detection Box27 Mar 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)