CAMS: An Annotated Corpus for Causal Analysis of Mental Health Issues in Social Media Posts
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Abstract (arXiv)
Research community has witnessed substantial growth in the detection of mental health issues and their associated reasons from analysis of social media. We introduce a new dataset for Causal Analysis of Mental health issues in Social media posts (CAMS). Our contributions for causal analysis are two-fold: causal interpretation and causal categorization. We introduce an annotation schema for this task of causal analysis. We demonstrate the efficacy of our schema on two different datasets: (i) crawling and annotating 3155 Reddit posts and (ii) re-annotating the publicly available SDCNL dataset of 1896 instances for interpretable causal analysis. We further combine these into the CAMS dataset and make this resource publicly available along with associated source code: https://github.com/drmuskangarg/CAMS. We present experimental results of models learned from CAMS dataset and demonstrate that a classic Logistic Regression model outperforms the next best (CNN-LSTM) model by 4.9% accuracy.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2022.
Builds on
13 of 47 references.
References · 13
- 2020GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotionscited by 479
- 2016Dual Attention Networks for Multimodal Reasoning and Matchingcited by 113
- 2017Depression and Self-Harm Risk Assessment in Online Forumscited by 81
- 2019Dreaddit: A Reddit Dataset for Stress Analysis in Social Mediacited by 81
- 2018SMHD: A Large-Scale Resource for Exploring Online Language Usage for Multiple Mental Health Conditionscited by 73
- 2021Deep Learning for Suicide and Depression Identification with Unsupervised Label Correctioncited by 45
- 2019Latent Suicide Risk Detection on Microblog via Suicide-Oriented Word Embeddings and Layered Attentioncited by 27
- 2020Causal Understanding of Fake News Dissemination on Social Mediacited by 27
- 2018Causal Explanation Analysis on Social Mediacited by 12
- 2020Building and Using Personal Knowledge Graph to Improve Suicidal Ideation Detection on Social Mediacited by 12
- 2021Data Augmentation for Mental Health Classification on Social Mediacited by 7
- 2022From Stance to Concern: Adaptation of Propositional Analysis to New Tasks and Domainscited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 12; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.
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- 2023MentaLLaMA: Interpretable Mental Health Analysis on Social Media with Large Language Modelscited by 63
- 2023Towards Interpretable Mental Health Analysis with Large Language Modelscited by 53
- 2024Large Language Models in Mental Health Care: a Scoping Reviewcited by 34
- 2023Domain-specific Continued Pretraining of Language Models for Capturing Long Context in Mental Healthcited by 25
- 2025From Personas to Talks: Revisiting the Impact of Personas on LLM-Synthesized Emotional Support Conversationscited by 23
- 2025The Rise of Small Language Models in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
- 2023ChatGPT's One-year Anniversary: Are Open-Source Large Language Models Catching up?cited by 15
- 2024Large Language Model for Mental Health: A Systematic Reviewcited by 14
- 2024Still Not Quite There! Evaluating Large Language Models for Comorbid Mental Health Diagnosiscited by 12
- 2024MentalGLM Series: Explainable Large Language Models for Mental Health Analysis on Chinese Social Mediacited by 9
- 2023A Cross Attention Approach to Diagnostic Explainability using Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depressioncited by 8
- 2025MHQA: A Diverse, Knowledge Intensive Mental Health Question Answering Challenge for Language Modelscited by 7
22 more
- 2022Explainable Causal Analysis of Mental Health on Social Media Datacited by 6
- 2023LOST: A Mental Health Dataset of Low Self-esteem in Reddit Postscited by 6
- 2024Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicinecited by 6
- 2025Interpretable Depression Detection from Social Media Text Using LLM-Derived Embeddingscited by 6
- 2025What is Stigma Attributed to? A Theory-Grounded, Expert-Annotated Interview Corpus for Demystifying Mental-Health Stigmacited by 5
- 2023WellXplain: Wellness Concept Extraction and Classification in Reddit Posts for Mental Health Analysiscited by 4
- 2024MentalQA: An Annotated Arabic Corpus for Questions and Answers of Mental Healthcarecited by 4
- 2023NLP as a Lens for Causal Analysis and Perception Mining to Infer Mental Health on Social Mediacited by 2
- 2023LonXplain: Lonesomeness as a Consequence of Mental Disturbance in Reddit Postscited by 2
- 2024Deep Knowledge-Infusion For Explainable Depression Detectioncited by 2
- 2025AraHealthQA 2025: The First Shared Task on Arabic Health Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2023Predicting mental health using social media: A roadmap for future developmentcited by 1
- 2024Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Foundational Models for Q&A Classification in Mental Health carecited by 1
- 2024MentalArena: Self-play Training of Language Models for Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Health Disorderscited by 1
- 2025P-ReMIS: Pragmatic Reasoning in Mental Health and a Social Implicationcited by 1
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Healthcited by 1
- 2026OMIND: Framework for Knowledge Grounded Finetuning and Multi-Turn Dialogue Benchmark for Mental Health LLMscited by 1
- 2023Causal Categorization of Mental Health Posts using Transformerscited by 0
- 2023Multi-class Categorization of Reasons behind Mental Disturbance in Long Textscited by 0
- 2024Automated Trustworthiness Oracle Generation for Machine Learning Text Classifierscited by 0
- 2025Holistix: A Dataset for Holistic Wellness Dimensions Analysis in Mental Health Narrativescited by 0
- 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Healthcited by 0
- 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Health21 Sep 2026
- 2026OMIND: Framework for Knowledge Grounded Finetuning and Multi-Turn Dialogue Benchmark for Mental Health LLMs26 Mar 2026
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Health3 Mar 2026
- 2025AraHealthQA 2025: The First Shared Task on Arabic Health Question Answering27 Aug 2025
- 2025P-ReMIS: Pragmatic Reasoning in Mental Health and a Social Implication31 Jul 2025
- 2025Holistix: A Dataset for Holistic Wellness Dimensions Analysis in Mental Health Narratives13 Jul 2025
- 2025Interpretable Depression Detection from Social Media Text Using LLM-Derived Embeddings7 Jun 2025
- 2025What is Stigma Attributed to? A Theory-Grounded, Expert-Annotated Interview Corpus for Demystifying Mental-Health Stigma19 May 2025
- 2025The Rise of Small Language Models in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey23 Apr 2025
- 2025MHQA: A Diverse, Knowledge Intensive Mental Health Question Answering Challenge for Language Models21 Feb 2025
- 2025From Personas to Talks: Revisiting the Impact of Personas on LLM-Synthesized Emotional Support Conversations17 Feb 2025
- 2024Automated Trustworthiness Oracle Generation for Machine Learning Text Classifiers30 Oct 2024
22 more
- 2024MentalGLM Series: Explainable Large Language Models for Mental Health Analysis on Chinese Social Media14 Oct 2024
- 2024MentalArena: Self-play Training of Language Models for Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Health Disorders9 Oct 2024
- 2024Still Not Quite There! Evaluating Large Language Models for Comorbid Mental Health Diagnosis4 Oct 2024
- 2024Deep Knowledge-Infusion For Explainable Depression Detection1 Sep 2024
- 2024Clinical Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Language Models in Medicine21 Aug 2024
- 2024Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Foundational Models for Q&A Classification in Mental Health care23 Jun 2024
- 2024MentalQA: An Annotated Arabic Corpus for Questions and Answers of Mental Healthcare21 May 2024
- 2024Large Language Model for Mental Health: A Systematic Review19 Feb 2024
- 2024Large Language Models in Mental Health Care: a Scoping Review1 Jan 2024
- 2023ChatGPT's One-year Anniversary: Are Open-Source Large Language Models Catching up?28 Nov 2023
- 2023A Cross Attention Approach to Diagnostic Explainability using Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression23 Nov 2023
- 2023MentaLLaMA: Interpretable Mental Health Analysis on Social Media with Large Language Models24 Sep 2023
- 2023WellXplain: Wellness Concept Extraction and Classification in Reddit Posts for Mental Health Analysis25 Aug 2023
- 2023LOST: A Mental Health Dataset of Low Self-esteem in Reddit Posts8 Jun 2023
- 2023LonXplain: Lonesomeness as a Consequence of Mental Disturbance in Reddit Posts30 May 2023
- 2023Domain-specific Continued Pretraining of Language Models for Capturing Long Context in Mental Health20 Apr 2023
- 2023Multi-class Categorization of Reasons behind Mental Disturbance in Long Texts8 Apr 2023
- 2023Towards Interpretable Mental Health Analysis with Large Language Models6 Apr 2023
- 2023NLP as a Lens for Causal Analysis and Perception Mining to Infer Mental Health on Social Media26 Jan 2023
- 2023Predicting mental health using social media: A roadmap for future development25 Jan 2023
- 2023Causal Categorization of Mental Health Posts using Transformers6 Jan 2023
- 2022Explainable Causal Analysis of Mental Health on Social Media Data16 Oct 2022
- 2023MentaLLaMA: Interpretable Mental Health Analysis on Social Media with Large Language Modelscited by 63
- 2023Towards Interpretable Mental Health Analysis with Large Language Modelscited by 53
- 2024Large Language Models in Mental Health Care: a Scoping Reviewcited by 34
- 2023Domain-specific Continued Pretraining of Language Models for Capturing Long Context in Mental Healthcited by 25
- 2025From Personas to Talks: Revisiting the Impact of Personas on LLM-Synthesized Emotional Support Conversationscited by 23
- 2025The Rise of Small Language Models in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
- 2023ChatGPT's One-year Anniversary: Are Open-Source Large Language Models Catching up?cited by 15
- 2024Large Language Model for Mental Health: A Systematic Reviewcited by 14
- 2024Still Not Quite There! Evaluating Large Language Models for Comorbid Mental Health Diagnosiscited by 12
- 2024MentalGLM Series: Explainable Large Language Models for Mental Health Analysis on Chinese Social Mediacited by 9
- 2023A Cross Attention Approach to Diagnostic Explainability using Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depressioncited by 8
- 2025MHQA: A Diverse, Knowledge Intensive Mental Health Question Answering Challenge for Language Modelscited by 7
12 most cited of 32 All 32 (JSON)
- 2026From Pattern Recognizers to Personalized Companions: A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Health21 Sep 2026
- 2026OMIND: Framework for Knowledge Grounded Finetuning and Multi-Turn Dialogue Benchmark for Mental Health LLMs26 Mar 2026
- 2026TrustMH-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Trustworthiness of Large Language Models in Mental Health3 Mar 2026
- 2025AraHealthQA 2025: The First Shared Task on Arabic Health Question Answering27 Aug 2025
- 2025Holistix: A Dataset for Holistic Wellness Dimensions Analysis in Mental Health Narratives13 Jul 2025
- 2025Interpretable Depression Detection from Social Media Text Using LLM-Derived Embeddings7 Jun 2025
- 2025What is Stigma Attributed to? A Theory-Grounded, Expert-Annotated Interview Corpus for Demystifying Mental-Health Stigma19 May 2025
- 2025The Rise of Small Language Models in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey23 Apr 2025
- 2025MHQA: A Diverse, Knowledge Intensive Mental Health Question Answering Challenge for Language Models21 Feb 2025
- 2025From Personas to Talks: Revisiting the Impact of Personas on LLM-Synthesized Emotional Support Conversations17 Feb 2025
- 2024Automated Trustworthiness Oracle Generation for Machine Learning Text Classifiers30 Oct 2024
- 2024MentalGLM Series: Explainable Large Language Models for Mental Health Analysis on Chinese Social Media14 Oct 2024
12 newest of 32 All 32 (JSON)