mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

FLEX: Feature-Logic Embedding Framework for CompleX Knowledge Graph Reasoning

arXiv 2205.11039 ↗First posted 23 May 2022cs.AI cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

Current best performing models for knowledge graph reasoning (KGR) introduce geometry objects or probabilistic distributions to embed entities and first-order logical (FOL) queries into low-dimensional vector spaces. They can be summarized as a center-size framework (point/box/cone, Beta/Gaussian distribution, etc.). However, they have limited logical reasoning ability. And it is difficult to generalize to various features, because the center and size are one-to-one constrained, unable to have multiple centers or sizes. To address these challenges, we instead propose a novel KGR framework named Feature-Logic Embedding framework, FLEX, which is the first KGR framework that can not only TRULY handle all FOL operations including conjunction, disjunction, negation and so on, but also support various feature spaces. Specifically, the logic part of feature-logic framework is based on vector logic, which naturally models all FOL operations. Experiments demonstrate that FLEX significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2022.

Builds on

16 of 38 references.

References · 16

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2016Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Predictioncited by 897
  3. 2019RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Spacecited by 893
  4. 2019TuckER: Tensor Factorization for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 290
  5. 2017DeepPath: A Reinforcement Learning Method for Knowledge Graph Reasoningcited by 265
  6. 2020Query2box: Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs in Vector Space using Box Embeddingscited by 169
  7. 2020Beta Embeddings for Multi-Hop Logical Reasoning in Knowledge Graphscited by 128
  8. 2018Embedding Logical Queries on Knowledge Graphscited by 120
  9. 2018Multi-Hop Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Reward Shapingcited by 102
  10. 2020Complex Query Answering with Neural Link Predictorscited by 98
  11. 2021ConE: Cone Embeddings for Multi-Hop Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 78
  12. 2020Neural Subgraph Matchingcited by 47
4 more
  1. 2020Self-Supervised Hyperboloid Representations from Logical Queries over Knowledge Graphscited by 35
  2. 2018M-Walk: Learning to Walk over Graphs using Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 34
  3. 2021Probabilistic Entity Representation Model for Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 28
  4. 2021Logic Embeddings for Complex Query Answeringcited by 17

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 1.

3 papers.

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  1. 2025A Large Language Model Based Method for Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs
  2. 2022GammaE: Gamma Embeddings for Logical Queries on Knowledge Graphs
  3. 2022Mask and Reason: Pre-Training Knowledge Graph Transformers for Complex Logical Queries
  4. 2025Injecting Knowledge Graphs into Large Language Models
  5. 2023Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs using Large Language Models
  6. 2024Neural Probabilistic Logic Learning for Knowledge Graph Reasoning
  7. 2025CHAINSFORMER: Numerical Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs from a Chain Perspective
  8. 2024Improving Multi-hop Logical Reasoning in Knowledge Graphs with Context-Aware Query Representation Learning