Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs using Large Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) is a challenging task that requires a deep understanding of the complex relationships between entities and the underlying logic of their relations. Current approaches rely on learning geometries to embed entities in vector space for logical query operations, but they suffer from subpar performance on complex queries and dataset-specific representations. In this paper, we propose a novel decoupled approach, Language-guided Abstract Reasoning over Knowledge graphs (LARK), that formulates complex KG reasoning as a combination of contextual KG search and logical query reasoning, to leverage the strengths of graph extraction algorithms and large language models (LLM), respectively. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art KG reasoning methods on standard benchmark datasets across several logical query constructs, with significant performance gain for queries of higher complexity. Furthermore, we show that the performance of our approach improves proportionally to the increase in size of the underlying LLM, enabling the integration of the latest advancements in LLMs for logical reasoning over KGs. Our work presents a new direction for addressing the challenges of complex KG reasoning and paves the way for future research in this area.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 21 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 May 2023.
Builds on
21 of 31 references.
References · 21
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2022PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathwayscited by 5,304
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
- 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,126
- 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,397
- 2022Decomposed Prompting: A Modular Approach for Solving Complex Taskscited by 554
- 2021QA-GNN: Reasoning with Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Question Answeringcited by 386
- 2022Selection-Inference: Exploiting Large Language Models for Interpretable Logical Reasoningcited by 331
- 2020Query2box: Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs in Vector Space using Box Embeddingscited by 169
9 more
- 2022Maieutic Prompting: Logically Consistent Reasoning with Recursive Explanationscited by 159
- 2020Beta Embeddings for Multi-Hop Logical Reasoning in Knowledge Graphscited by 128
- 2018Embedding Logical Queries on Knowledge Graphscited by 120
- 2020Complex Query Answering with Neural Link Predictorscited by 98
- 2022Successive Prompting for Decomposing Complex Questionscited by 94
- 2016Chains of Reasoning over Entities, Relations, and Text using Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 37
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- 2021Probabilistic Entity Representation Model for Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 28
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 5; 2024: 8; 2025: 12; 2026: 3.
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- 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 663
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs (GraphRAG)cited by 170
- 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalizationcited by 118
- 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Modelscited by 85
- 2024GRAG: Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 77
- 2023MindMap: Knowledge Graph Prompting Sparks Graph of Thoughts in Large Language Modelscited by 73
- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
- 2024KAG: Boosting LLMs in Professional Domains via Knowledge Augmented Generationcited by 67
- 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
- 2025Optimizing the Interface Between Knowledge Graphs and LLMs for Complex Reasoningcited by 17
- 2024SocraSynth: Multi-LLM Reasoning with Conditional Statisticscited by 13
- 2025Pre-training Limited Memory Language Models with Internal and External Knowledgecited by 11
16 more
- 2024Improving Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graph with Logic-Aware Curriculum Tuningcited by 10
- 2024Can LLMs perform structured graph reasoning?cited by 9
- 2025Graph-Augmented Reasoning: Evolving Step-by-Step Knowledge Graph Retrieval for LLM Reasoningcited by 8
- 2023Large Scale Foundation Models for Intelligent Manufacturing Applications: A Surveycited by 6
- 2025Graph Counselor: Adaptive Graph Exploration via Multi-Agent Synergy to Enhance LLM Reasoningcited by 6
- 2023Statistical Knowledge Assessment for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2025Reasoning by Exploration: A Unified Approach to Retrieval and Generation over Graphscited by 5
- 2024Foundation Model Sherpas: Guiding Foundation Models through Knowledge and Reasoningcited by 3
- 2024Fine-tuning and Prompt Engineering with Cognitive Knowledge Graphs for Scholarly Knowledge Organizationcited by 2
- 2025HypoChainer: A Collaborative System Combining LLMs and Knowledge Graphs for Hypothesis-Driven Scientific Discoverycited by 1
- 2025A Survey of Task-Oriented Knowledge Graph Reasoning: Status, Applications, and Prospectscited by 0
- 2025Less is More: Denoising Knowledge Graphs For Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2025A Large Language Model Based Method for Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 0
- 2026SASA: Semantic-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework with Separated Attention for Triple Classificationcited by 0
- 2026eMoT: evolving Memory-of-Thought via Symbolic Anchoring and Memory Corrosioncited by 0
- 2026BEST-KAG: Enhancing Question Answering of Building Engineering Standards with Multimodal Knowledge Graph Modeling and Large Language Modelcited by 0
- 2026BEST-KAG: Enhancing Question Answering of Building Engineering Standards with Multimodal Knowledge Graph Modeling and Large Language Model2 Aug 2026
- 2026eMoT: evolving Memory-of-Thought via Symbolic Anchoring and Memory Corrosion1 Jun 2026
- 2026SASA: Semantic-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework with Separated Attention for Triple Classification19 Jan 2026
- 2025A Large Language Model Based Method for Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs22 Dec 2025
- 2025Less is More: Denoising Knowledge Graphs For Retrieval Augmented Generation16 Oct 2025
- 2025Reasoning by Exploration: A Unified Approach to Retrieval and Generation over Graphs8 Oct 2025
- 2025HypoChainer: A Collaborative System Combining LLMs and Knowledge Graphs for Hypothesis-Driven Scientific Discovery23 Jul 2025
- 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalization20 Jul 2025
- 2025Graph Counselor: Adaptive Graph Exploration via Multi-Agent Synergy to Enhance LLM Reasoning4 Jun 2025
- 2025Optimizing the Interface Between Knowledge Graphs and LLMs for Complex Reasoning30 May 2025
- 2025Pre-training Limited Memory Language Models with Internal and External Knowledge21 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Task-Oriented Knowledge Graph Reasoning: Status, Applications, and Prospects27 Apr 2025
16 more
- 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Survey8 Apr 2025
- 2025Graph-Augmented Reasoning: Evolving Step-by-Step Knowledge Graph Retrieval for LLM Reasoning3 Mar 2025
- 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Models21 Jan 2025
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs (GraphRAG)31 Dec 2024
- 2024KAG: Boosting LLMs in Professional Domains via Knowledge Augmented Generation10 Sep 2024
- 2024Fine-tuning and Prompt Engineering with Cognitive Knowledge Graphs for Scholarly Knowledge Organization10 Sep 2024
- 2024GRAG: Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation26 May 2024
- 2024Improving Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graph with Logic-Aware Curriculum Tuning2 May 2024
- 2024Can LLMs perform structured graph reasoning?2 Feb 2024
- 2024Foundation Model Sherpas: Guiding Foundation Models through Knowledge and Reasoning2 Feb 2024
- 2024SocraSynth: Multi-LLM Reasoning with Conditional Statistics19 Jan 2024
- 2023Large Scale Foundation Models for Intelligent Manufacturing Applications: A Survey11 Dec 2023
- 2023MindMap: Knowledge Graph Prompting Sparks Graph of Thoughts in Large Language Models17 Aug 2023
- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challenges11 Aug 2023
- 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap14 Jun 2023
- 2023Statistical Knowledge Assessment for Large Language Models17 May 2023
- 2023MindMap: Knowledge Graph Prompting Sparks Graph of Thoughts in Large Language Modelscited by 73
- 2025Optimizing the Interface Between Knowledge Graphs and LLMs for Complex Reasoningcited by 17
- 2024SocraSynth: Multi-LLM Reasoning with Conditional Statisticscited by 13
- 2024Improving Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graph with Logic-Aware Curriculum Tuningcited by 10
- 2024Can LLMs perform structured graph reasoning?cited by 9
- 2025Graph-Augmented Reasoning: Evolving Step-by-Step Knowledge Graph Retrieval for LLM Reasoningcited by 8
- 2025Graph Counselor: Adaptive Graph Exploration via Multi-Agent Synergy to Enhance LLM Reasoningcited by 6
- 2025Reasoning by Exploration: A Unified Approach to Retrieval and Generation over Graphscited by 5
- 2024Foundation Model Sherpas: Guiding Foundation Models through Knowledge and Reasoningcited by 3
- 2025A Survey of Task-Oriented Knowledge Graph Reasoning: Status, Applications, and Prospectscited by 0
- 2025A Large Language Model Based Method for Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphscited by 0
- 2026eMoT: evolving Memory-of-Thought via Symbolic Anchoring and Memory Corrosioncited by 0
- 2026eMoT: evolving Memory-of-Thought via Symbolic Anchoring and Memory Corrosion1 Jun 2026
- 2025A Large Language Model Based Method for Complex Logical Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs22 Dec 2025
- 2025Reasoning by Exploration: A Unified Approach to Retrieval and Generation over Graphs8 Oct 2025
- 2025Graph Counselor: Adaptive Graph Exploration via Multi-Agent Synergy to Enhance LLM Reasoning4 Jun 2025
- 2025Optimizing the Interface Between Knowledge Graphs and LLMs for Complex Reasoning30 May 2025
- 2025A Survey of Task-Oriented Knowledge Graph Reasoning: Status, Applications, and Prospects27 Apr 2025
- 2025Graph-Augmented Reasoning: Evolving Step-by-Step Knowledge Graph Retrieval for LLM Reasoning3 Mar 2025
- 2024Improving Complex Reasoning over Knowledge Graph with Logic-Aware Curriculum Tuning2 May 2024
- 2024Can LLMs perform structured graph reasoning?2 Feb 2024
- 2024Foundation Model Sherpas: Guiding Foundation Models through Knowledge and Reasoning2 Feb 2024
- 2024SocraSynth: Multi-LLM Reasoning with Conditional Statistics19 Jan 2024
- 2023MindMap: Knowledge Graph Prompting Sparks Graph of Thoughts in Large Language Models17 Aug 2023
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs (GraphRAG)cited by 170
- 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Modelscited by 85
- 2024GRAG: Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 77
- 2024KAG: Boosting LLMs in Professional Domains via Knowledge Augmented Generationcited by 67
- 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 18
- 2025Less is More: Denoising Knowledge Graphs For Retrieval Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2025Less is More: Denoising Knowledge Graphs For Retrieval Augmented Generation16 Oct 2025
- 2025Graph-based Approaches and Functionalities in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Comprehensive Survey8 Apr 2025
- 2025A Survey of Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Customized Large Language Models21 Jan 2025
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs (GraphRAG)31 Dec 2024
- 2024KAG: Boosting LLMs in Professional Domains via Knowledge Augmented Generation10 Sep 2024
- 2024GRAG: Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation26 May 2024
- 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 663
- 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalizationcited by 118
- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
- 2025Pre-training Limited Memory Language Models with Internal and External Knowledgecited by 11
- 2023Large Scale Foundation Models for Intelligent Manufacturing Applications: A Surveycited by 6
- 2023Statistical Knowledge Assessment for Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2024Fine-tuning and Prompt Engineering with Cognitive Knowledge Graphs for Scholarly Knowledge Organizationcited by 2
- 2025HypoChainer: A Collaborative System Combining LLMs and Knowledge Graphs for Hypothesis-Driven Scientific Discoverycited by 1
- 2026SASA: Semantic-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework with Separated Attention for Triple Classificationcited by 0
- 2026BEST-KAG: Enhancing Question Answering of Building Engineering Standards with Multimodal Knowledge Graph Modeling and Large Language Modelcited by 0
- 2026BEST-KAG: Enhancing Question Answering of Building Engineering Standards with Multimodal Knowledge Graph Modeling and Large Language Model2 Aug 2026
- 2026SASA: Semantic-Aware Contrastive Learning Framework with Separated Attention for Triple Classification19 Jan 2026
- 2025HypoChainer: A Collaborative System Combining LLMs and Knowledge Graphs for Hypothesis-Driven Scientific Discovery23 Jul 2025
- 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalization20 Jul 2025
- 2025Pre-training Limited Memory Language Models with Internal and External Knowledge21 May 2025
- 2024Fine-tuning and Prompt Engineering with Cognitive Knowledge Graphs for Scholarly Knowledge Organization10 Sep 2024
- 2023Large Scale Foundation Models for Intelligent Manufacturing Applications: A Survey11 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challenges11 Aug 2023
- 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap14 Jun 2023
- 2023Statistical Knowledge Assessment for Large Language Models17 May 2023
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