mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CCMB: A Large-scale Chinese Cross-modal Benchmark

arXiv 2205.03860 ↗First posted 8 May 2022cs.CV cs.AIcited by 21

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

Vision-language pre-training (VLP) on large-scale datasets has shown premier performance on various downstream tasks. In contrast to plenty of available benchmarks with English corpus, large-scale pre-training datasets and downstream datasets with Chinese corpus remain largely unexplored. In this work, we build a large-scale high-quality Chinese Cross-Modal Benchmark named CCMB for the research community, which contains the currently largest public pre-training dataset Zero and five human-annotated fine-tuning datasets for downstream tasks. Zero contains 250 million images paired with 750 million text descriptions, plus two of the five fine-tuning datasets are also currently the largest ones for Chinese cross-modal downstream tasks. Along with the CCMB, we also develop a VLP framework named R2D2, applying a pre-Ranking + Ranking strategy to learn powerful vision-language representations and a two-way distillation method (i.e., target-guided Distillation and feature-guided Distillation) to further enhance the learning capability. With the Zero and the R2D2 VLP framework, we achieve state-of-the-art performance on twelve downstream datasets from five broad categories of tasks including image-text retrieval, image-text matching, image caption, text-to-image generation, and zero-shot image classification. The datasets, models, and codes are available at https://github.com/yuxie11/R2D2

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in VLM benchmarks and visual reasoning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 May 2022.

Builds on

28 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generation28 Jan

Other references · 27

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  4. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,513
  5. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  6. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 5,045
  7. 2021Scaling Up Visual and Vision-Language Representation Learning With Noisy Text Supervisioncited by 3,864
  8. 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,656
  9. 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,222
  10. 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,462
  11. 2019VisualBERT: A Simple and Performant Baseline for Vision and Languagecited by 1,296
  12. 2021Conceptual 12M: Pushing Web-Scale Image-Text Pre-Training To Recognize Long-Tail Visual Conceptscited by 1,216
15 more
  1. 2021FLAVA: A Foundational Language And Vision Alignment Modelcited by 649
  2. 2019Unicoder-VL: A Universal Encoder for Vision and Language by Cross-modal Pre-trainingcited by 451
  3. 2021Unifying Vision-and-Language Tasks via Text Generationcited by 412
  4. 2021WIT: Wikipedia-based Image Text Dataset for Multimodal Multilingual Machine Learningcited by 287
  5. 2020Revisiting Pre-Trained Models for Chinese Natural Language Processingcited by 266
  6. 2020UNIMO: Towards Unified-Modal Understanding and Generation via Cross-Modal Contrastive Learningcited by 239
  7. 2015YFCC100M: The New Data in Multimedia Researchcited by 235
  8. 2019Visual Semantic Reasoning for Image-Text Matchingcited by 185
  9. 2021RedCaps: web-curated image-text data created by the people, for the peoplecited by 180
  10. 2020ImageBERT: Cross-modal Pre-training with Large-scale Weak-supervised Image-Text Datacited by 137
  11. 2021Towards artificial general intelligence via a multimodal foundation modelcited by 112
  12. 2021M6: A Chinese Multimodal Pretrainercited by 91
  13. 2018COCO-CN for Cross-Lingual Image Tagging, Captioning and Retrievalcited by 80
  14. 2017AI Challenger : A Large-scale Dataset for Going Deeper in Image Understandingcited by 73
  15. 2017Fluency-Guided Cross-Lingual Image Captioningcited by 33

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 10; 2026: 6.

21 papers.

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  1. 2025LLaVA-OneVision-1.5: Fully Open Framework for Democratized Multimodal Trainingcited by 244
  2. 2025FG-CLIP: Fine-Grained Visual and Textual Alignmentcited by 81
  3. 2024TimeMarker: A Versatile Video-LLM for Long and Short Video Understanding with Superior Temporal Localization Abilitycited by 70
  4. 2025Ming-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Model for Perception and Generationcited by 66
  5. 2025OneCAT: Decoder-Only Auto-Regressive Model for Unified Understanding and Generationcited by 50
  6. 2026STEP3-VL-10B Technical Reportcited by 32
  7. 2025WeDetect: Fast Open-Vocabulary Object Detection as Retrievalcited by 14
  8. 2025FG-CLIP 2: A Bilingual Fine-grained Vision-Language Alignment Modelcited by 13
  9. 2026OneVision-Encoder: Codec-Aligned Sparsity as a Foundational Principle for Multimodal Intelligencecited by 12
  10. 2026DM0: An Embodied-Native Vision-Language-Action Model towards Physical AIcited by 12
  11. 2025LMM-Det: Make Large Multimodal Models Excel in Object Detectioncited by 10
  12. 2026Mage-VL: An Efficient Codec-Native Streaming Multimodal Foundation Modelcited by 10
9 more
  1. 2024IAA: Inner-Adaptor Architecture Empowers Frozen Large Language Model with Multimodal Capabilitiescited by 8
  2. 2023Large Scale Foundation Models for Intelligent Manufacturing Applications: A Surveycited by 6
  3. 2024M2-Encoder: Advancing Bilingual Image-Text Understanding by Large-scale Efficient Pretrainingcited by 4
  4. 2025Towards Cross-modal Retrieval in Chinese Cultural Heritage Documents: Dataset and Solutioncited by 4
  5. 2025Multimodal Coreference Resolution for Chinese Social Media Dialogues: Dataset and Benchmark Approachcited by 1
  6. 2026Prompt-Free Universal Region Proposal Networkcited by 1
  7. 2024CBVS: A Large-Scale Chinese Image-Text Benchmark for Real-World Short Video Search Scenarioscited by 0
  8. 2025Not All Attention Heads Are What You Need: Refining CLIP's Image Representation with Attention Ablationcited by 0
  9. 2026DanQing: An Up-to-Date Large-Scale Chinese Vision-Language Pre-training Datasetcited by 0

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