mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DM0: An Embodied-Native Vision-Language-Action Model towards Physical AI

arXiv 2602.14974 ↗First posted 16 Feb 2026cs.ROcited by 12

On the map: Vision-language-action models → Generalist VLA models and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Moving beyond the traditional paradigm of adapting internet-pretrained models to physical tasks, we present DM0, an Embodied-Native Vision-Language-Action (VLA) framework designed for Physical AI. Unlike approaches that treat physical grounding as a fine-tuning afterthought, DM0 unifies embodied manipulation and navigation by learning from heterogeneous data sources from the onset. Our methodology follows a comprehensive three-stage pipeline: Pretraining, Mid-Training, and Post-Training. First, we conduct large-scale unified pretraining on the Vision-Language Model (VLM) using diverse corpora--seamlessly integrating web text, autonomous driving scenarios, and embodied interaction logs-to jointly acquire semantic knowledge and physical priors. Subsequently, we build a flow-matching action expert atop the VLM. To reconcile high-level reasoning with low-level control, DM0 employs a hybrid training strategy: for embodied data, gradients from the action expert are not backpropagated to the VLM to preserve generalized representations, while the VLM remains trainable on non-embodied data. Furthermore, we introduce an Embodied Spatial Scaffolding strategy to construct spatial Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, effectively constraining the action solution space. Experiments on the RoboChallenge benchmark demonstrate that DM0 achieves state-of-the-art performance in both Specialist and Generalist settings on Table30.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Generalist VLA models and benchmarks, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 41 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Feb 2026.

Builds on

41 of 53 references.

Closest ancestors · 10

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Dexbotic: Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Toolbox27 Oct
  2. 2025GigaBrain-0: A World Model-Powered Vision-Language-Action Model22 Oct
  3. 2025LLaDA-VLA: Vision Language Diffusion Action Models8 Sep
  4. 2025Knowledge Insulating Vision-Language-Action Models: Train Fast, Run Fast, Generalize Better29 May
  5. 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalization22 Apr
  6. 2025Beyond Sight: Finetuning Generalist Robot Policies with Heterogeneous Sensors via Language Grounding8 Jan
  7. 2024CogACT: A Foundational Vision-Language-Action Model for Synergizing Cognition and Action in Robotic Manipulation29 Nov
  8. 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Control31 Oct
  9. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model13 Jun
  10. 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control28 Jul

Other references · 31

  1. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  4. 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
  5. 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,310
  6. 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
  7. 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
  8. 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
  9. 2018From Recognition to Cognition: Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 553
  10. 2025RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulationcited by 477
  11. 2020PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answeringcited by 467
  12. 2021OCR-free Document Understanding Transformercited by 400
19 more
  1. 2025AgiBot World Colosseo: A Large-scale Manipulation Platform for Scalable and Intelligent Embodied Systemscited by 390
  2. 2024Molmo and PixMo: Open Weights and Open Data for State-of-the-Art Vision-Language Modelscited by 321
  3. 2025Perception Encoder: The best visual embeddings are not at the output of the networkcited by 315
  4. 2025LLaVA-OneVision-1.5: Fully Open Framework for Democratized Multimodal Trainingcited by 233
  5. 2025MemoryVLA: Perceptual-Cognitive Memory in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulationcited by 183
  6. 2024RoboMIND: Benchmark on Multi-embodiment Intelligence Normative Data for Robot Manipulationcited by 166
  7. 2025PaddleOCR 3.0 Technical Reportcited by 136
  8. 2024Unlocking the conversion of Web Screenshots into HTML Code with the WebSight Datasetcited by 126
  9. 2022Syntax-Aware Network for Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognitioncited by 68
  10. 2025GeoVLA: Empowering 3D Representations in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 68
  11. 2024Focus Anywhere for Fine-grained Multi-page Document Understandingcited by 62
  12. 2025Scaling Text-Rich Image Understanding via Code-Guided Synthetic Multimodal Data Generationcited by 54
  13. 2023Merlin:Empowering Multimodal LLMs with Foresight Mindscited by 46
  14. 2025Step-GUI Technical Reportcited by 38
  15. 2024Insight Over Sight: Exploring the Vision-Knowledge Conflicts in Multimodal LLMscited by 37
  16. 2025Unhackable Temporal Rewarding for Scalable Video MLLMscited by 33
  17. 2026CLAP: Contrastive Latent Action Pretraining for Learning Vision-Language-Action Models from Human Videoscited by 27
  18. 2022CCMB: A Large-scale Chinese Cross-modal Benchmarkcited by 21
  19. 2024DocFusion: A Unified Framework for Document Parsing Taskscited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.

12 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied Manipulation: A Systematic Survey
  2. 2026EmbodiedMidtrain: Bridging the Gap between Vision-Language Models and Vision-Language-Action Models via Mid-training
  3. 2026Vision-Language-Action in Robotics: A Survey of Datasets, Benchmarks, and Data Engines
  4. 2024A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI
  5. 2026Guava: Distilling Frontier VLMs into a Compact Agent through a Robotic Manipulation Harness
  6. 2025Igniting VLMs toward the Embodied Space
  7. 2026Qwen-VLA: Unifying Vision-Language-Action Modeling across Tasks, Environments, and Robot Embodiments
  8. 2026StarVLA: A Lego-like Codebase for Vision-Language-Action Model Developing