Streamable Neural Audio Synthesis With Non-Causal Convolutions
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning models are mostly used in an offline inference fashion. However, this strongly limits the use of these models inside audio generation setups, as most creative workflows are based on real-time digital signal processing. Although approaches based on recurrent networks can be naturally adapted to this buffer-based computation, the use of convolutions still poses some serious challenges. To tackle this issue, the use of causal streaming convolutions have been proposed. However, this requires specific complexified training and can impact the resulting audio quality. In this paper, we introduce a new method allowing to produce non-causal streaming models. This allows to make any convolutional model compatible with real-time buffer-based processing. As our method is based on a post-training reconfiguration of the model, we show that it is able to transform models trained without causal constraints into a streaming model. We show how our method can be adapted to fit complex architectures with parallel branches. To evaluate our method, we apply it on the recent RAVE model, which provides high-quality real-time audio synthesis. We test our approach on multiple music and speech datasets and show that it is faster than overlap-add methods, while having no impact on the generation quality. Finally, we introduce two open-source implementation of our work as Max/MSP and PureData externals, and as a VST audio plugin. This allows to endow traditional digital audio workstation with real-time neural audio synthesis on a laptop CPU.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2022.
Builds on
12 of 15 references.
References · 12
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- 2021SoundStream: An End-to-End Neural Audio Codeccited by 756
- 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 535
- 2019MelGAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Conditional Waveform Synthesiscited by 351
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- 2018Wave-U-Net: A Multi-Scale Neural Network for End-to-End Audio Source Separationcited by 125
- 2021RAVE: A variational autoencoder for fast and high-quality neural audio synthesiscited by 72
- 2018ClariNet: Parallel Wave Generation in End-to-End Text-to-Speechcited by 70
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 4.
6 papers.
- 2022Multi-instrument Music Synthesis with Spectrogram Diffusioncited by 42
- 2023Reimagining Speech: A Scoping Review of Deep Learning-Powered Voice Conversioncited by 3
- 2025PESTO: Real-Time Pitch Estimation with Self-supervised Transposition-equivariant Objectivecited by 3
- 2025Designing Neural Synthesizers for Low-Latency Interactioncited by 1
- 2025Empirical Results for Adjusting Truncated Backpropagation Through Time while Training Neural Audio Effectscited by 0
- 2025Time-Varying Audio Effect Modeling by End-to-End Adversarial Trainingcited by 0
- 2025Time-Varying Audio Effect Modeling by End-to-End Adversarial Training17 Dec 2025
- 2025Empirical Results for Adjusting Truncated Backpropagation Through Time while Training Neural Audio Effects8 Dec 2025
- 2025PESTO: Real-Time Pitch Estimation with Self-supervised Transposition-equivariant Objective2 Aug 2025
- 2025Designing Neural Synthesizers for Low-Latency Interaction14 Mar 2025
- 2023Reimagining Speech: A Scoping Review of Deep Learning-Powered Voice Conversion14 Nov 2023
- 2022Multi-instrument Music Synthesis with Spectrogram Diffusion11 Jun 2022