mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

NaijaSenti: A Nigerian Twitter Sentiment Corpus for Multilingual Sentiment Analysis

arXiv 2201.08277 ↗First posted 20 Jan 2022cs.CL cs.AIcited by 64

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Abstract (arXiv)

Sentiment analysis is one of the most widely studied applications in NLP, but most work focuses on languages with large amounts of data. We introduce the first large-scale human-annotated Twitter sentiment dataset for the four most widely spoken languages in Nigeria (Hausa, Igbo, Nigerian-Pidgin, and Yor`ub'a ) consisting of around 30,000 annotated tweets per language (and 14,000 for Nigerian-Pidgin), including a significant fraction of code-mixed tweets. We propose text collection, filtering, processing and labeling methods that enable us to create datasets for these low-resource languages. We evaluate a rangeof pre-trained models and transfer strategies on the dataset. We find that language-specific models and language-adaptivefine-tuning generally perform best. We release the datasets, trained models, sentiment lexicons, and code to incentivizeresearch on sentiment analysis in under-represented languages.

Key facts. Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 80 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jan 2022.

Builds on

32 of 80 references.

References · 32

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  8. 2020The State and Fate of Linguistic Diversity and Inclusion in the NLP Worldcited by 789
  9. 2020MAD-X: An Adapter-Based Framework for Multi-Task Cross-Lingual Transfercited by 443
  10. 2021Dealing with Disagreements: Looking Beyond the Majority Vote in Subjective Annotationscited by 306
  11. 2019SemEval-2017 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twittercited by 209
  12. 2013Crowdsourcing a Word-Emotion Association Lexiconcited by 193
20 more
  1. 2020Participatory Research for Low-resourced Machine Translation: A Case Study in African Languagescited by 159
  2. 2021MasakhaNER: Named Entity Recognition for African Languagescited by 155
  3. 2020When Being Unseen from mBERT is just the Beginning: Handling New Languages With Multilingual Language Modelscited by 131
  4. 2020UNKs Everywhere: Adapting Multilingual Language Models to New Scriptscited by 113
  5. 2020Rethinking embedding coupling in pre-trained language modelscited by 103
  6. 2020Language ID in the Wild: Unexpected Challenges on the Path to a Thousand-Language Web Text Corpuscited by 76
  7. 2020DynaSent: A Dynamic Benchmark for Sentiment Analysiscited by 63
  8. 2019Massive vs. Curated Word Embeddings for Low-Resourced Languages. The Case of Yor`ub'a and Twicited by 33
  9. 2019Human vs. Muppet: A Conservative Estimate of Human Performance on the GLUE Benchmarkcited by 32
  10. 2015Sentiment of Emojiscited by 31
  11. 2016Multilingual Twitter Sentiment Classification: The Role of Human Annotatorscited by 24
  12. 2019SemEval-2013 Task 2: Sentiment Analysis in Twittercited by 22
  13. 2021MetaXL: Meta Representation Transformation for Low-resource Cross-lingual Learningcited by 21
  14. 2017Building a Sentiment Corpus of Tweets in Brazilian Portuguesecited by 20
  15. 2021LightTag: Text Annotation Platformcited by 16
  16. 2020Semantic Enrichment of Nigerian Pidgin English for Contextual Sentiment Classificationcited by 12
  17. 2016Using Word Embeddings in Twitter Election Classificationcited by 8
  18. 2020Development of a General Purpose Sentiment Lexicon for Igbo Languagecited by 3
  19. 2020The impact of political party/candidate on the election results from a sentiment analysis perspective using #AnambraDecides2017 tweetscited by 1
  20. 2021Sentiment Analysis in Twitter for Macedoniancited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 11; 2023: 19; 2024: 10; 2025: 17; 2026: 7.

64 papers.

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  1. 2022Adapting Pre-trained Language Models to African Languages via Multilingual Adaptive Fine-Tuningcited by 149
  2. 2024A Survey on Multilingual Large Language Models: Corpora, Alignment, and Biascited by 82
  3. 2023AfriSenti: A Twitter Sentiment Analysis Benchmark for African Languagescited by 68
  4. 2022NusaX: Multilingual Parallel Sentiment Dataset for 10 Indonesian Local Languagescited by 67
  5. 2022AfroLM: A Self-Active Learning-based Multilingual Pretrained Language Model for 23 African Languagescited by 46
  6. 2023SemEval-2023 Task 12: Sentiment Analysis for African Languages (AfriSenti-SemEval)cited by 41
  7. 2022SERENGETI: Massively Multilingual Language Models for Africacited by 40
  8. 2022AfroLID: A Neural Language Identification Tool for African Languagescited by 38
  9. 2022MasakhaNER 2.0: Africa-centric Transfer Learning for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 38
  10. 2023XTREME-UP: A User-Centric Scarce-Data Benchmark for Under-Represented Languagescited by 34
  11. 2022What a Creole Wants, What a Creole Needscited by 27
  12. 2023MasakhaPOS: Part-of-Speech Tagging for Typologically Diverse African Languagescited by 23
38 more
  1. 2024InkubaLM: A small language model for low-resource African languagescited by 18
  2. 2023Evaluating Emotion Arcs Across Languages: Bridging the Global Divide in Sentiment Analysiscited by 16
  3. 2025Charting the Landscape of African NLP: Mapping Progress and Shaping the Road Aheadcited by 15
  4. 2022yosm: A new yoruba sentiment corpus for movie reviewscited by 14
  5. 2023NollySenti: Leveraging Transfer Learning and Machine Translation for Nigerian Movie Sentiment Classificationcited by 14
  6. 2022HERDPhobia: A Dataset for Hate Speech against Fulani in Nigeriacited by 12
  7. 2023HaVQA: A Dataset for Visual Question Answering and Multimodal Research in Hausa Languagecited by 12
  8. 2022JamPatoisNLI: A Jamaican Patois Natural Language Inference Datasetcited by 11
  9. 2022TaTa: A Multilingual Table-to-Text Dataset for African Languagescited by 10
  10. 2024Krey`ol-MT: Building MT for Latin American, Caribbean and Colonial African Creole Languagescited by 10
  11. 2025AfriHate: A Multilingual Collection of Hate Speech and Abusive Language Datasets for African Languagescited by 10
  12. 2023CreoleVal: Multilingual Multitask Benchmarks for Creolescited by 9
  13. 2025Where Are We? Evaluating LLM Performance on African Languagescited by 9
  14. 2024EthioLLM: Multilingual Large Language Models for Ethiopian Languages with Task Evaluationcited by 8
  15. 2023To Translate or Not to Translate: A Systematic Investigation of Translation-Based Cross-Lingual Transfer to Low-Resource Languagescited by 7
  16. 2024Zero-shot Sentiment Analysis in Low-Resource Languages Using a Multilingual Sentiment Lexiconcited by 7
  17. 2023Low-Resource Cross-Lingual Adaptive Training for Nigerian Pidgincited by 5
  18. 2024Does Generative AI speak Nigerian-Pidgin?: Issues about Representativeness and Bias for Multilingualism in LLMscited by 5
  19. 2025Breaking Physical and Linguistic Borders: Multilingual Federated Prompt Tuning for Low-Resource Languagescited by 5
  20. 2023Detection and Analysis of Offensive Online Content in Hausa Languagecited by 4
  21. 2025AfroXLMR-Social: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for African Languages Social Media Textcited by 4
  22. 2023The African Stopwords project: curating stopwords for African languagescited by 3
  23. 2023HausaNLP at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Leveraging African Low Resource TweetData for Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
  24. 2023The Skipped Beat: A Study of Sociopragmatic Understanding in LLMs for 64 Languagescited by 3
  25. 2024Modeling Orthographic Variation Improves NLP Performance for Nigerian Pidgincited by 3
  26. 2024A Deep Convolutional Neural Network-based Model for Aspect and Polarity Classification in Hausa Movie Reviewscited by 3
  27. 2025AfriMTEB and AfriE5: Benchmarking and Adapting Text Embedding Models for African Languagescited by 3
  28. 2023GMNLP at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Sentiment Analysis with Phylogeny-Based Adapterscited by 2
  29. 2023UIO at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Multilingual fine-tuning for sentiment classification in low-resource languagescited by 2
  30. 2023Sentiment Analysis Across Multiple African Languages: A Current Benchmarkcited by 2
  31. 2025Bridging Gaps in Natural Language Processing for Yor`ub'a: A Systematic Review of a Decade of Progress and Prospectscited by 2
  32. 2025HausaNLP: Current Status, Challenges and Future Directions for Hausa Natural Language Processingcited by 2
  33. 2025MERLIN: Multi-Stage Curriculum Alignment for Multilingual Encoder-LLM Integration in Cross-Lingual Reasoningcited by 2
  34. 2025Culture Cartography: Mapping the Landscape of Cultural Knowledgecited by 2
  35. 2023Masakhane-Afrisenti at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Sentiment Analysis using Afro-centric Language Models and Adapters for Low-resource African Languagescited by 0
  36. 2023UBC-DLNLP at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Impact of Transfer Learning on African Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
  37. 2024A multilingual dataset for offensive language and hate speech detection for hausa, yoruba and igbo languagescited by 0
  38. 2024Semantic Component Analysis: Introducing Multi-Topic Distributions to Clustering-Based Topic Modelingcited by 0

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