Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Knowledge-grounded dialogue systems are challenging to build due to the lack of training data and heterogeneous knowledge sources. Existing systems perform poorly on unseen topics due to limited topics covered in the training data. In addition, heterogeneous knowledge sources make it challenging for systems to generalize to other tasks because knowledge sources in different knowledge representations require different knowledge encoders. To address these challenges, we present PLUG, a language model that homogenizes different knowledge sources to a unified knowledge representation for knowledge-grounded dialogue generation tasks. PLUG is pre-trained on a dialogue generation task conditioned on a unified essential knowledge representation. It can generalize to different downstream knowledge-grounded dialogue generation tasks with a few training examples. The empirical evaluation on two benchmarks shows that our model generalizes well across different knowledge-grounded tasks. It can achieve comparable performance with state-of-the-art methods under a fully-supervised setting and significantly outperforms other methods in zero-shot and few-shot settings.
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2021.
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37 of 55 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 13; 2024: 7; 2025: 4.
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- 2022RHO (ρ): Reducing Hallucination in Open-domain Dialogues with Knowledge Groundingcited by 47
- 2023Graph Reasoning for Question Answering with Triplet Retrievalcited by 34
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- 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapycited by 7
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- 2023KnowPrefix-Tuning: A Two-Stage Prefix-Tuning Framework for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 5
- 2023Sequence-Level Certainty Reduces Hallucination In Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 5
- 2024CrowdCounter: A benchmark type-specific multi-target counterspeech datasetcited by 5
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- 2022DialGuide: Aligning Dialogue Model Behavior with Developer Guidelinescited by 4
- 2023The Open-domain Paradox for Chatbots: Common Ground as the Basis for Human-like Dialoguecited by 4
- 2023Causal Document-Grounded Dialogue Pre-trainingcited by 4
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- 2023A Conversation is Worth A Thousand Recommendations: A Survey of Holistic Conversational Recommender Systemscited by 3
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- 2024Improving the Robustness of Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue via Contrastive Learningcited by 2
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- 2022Mind the Knowledge Gap: A Survey of Knowledge-enhanced Dialogue Systemscited by 1
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- 2023Graph vs. Sequence: An Empirical Study on Knowledge Forms for Knowledge-Grounded Dialoguecited by 1
- 2025FinBloom: Knowledge Grounding Large Language Model with Real-time Financial Datacited by 1
- 2025Entriever: Energy-based Retriever for Knowledge-Grounded Dialog Systemscited by 0
- 2025Roles of MLLMs in Visually Rich Document Retrieval for RAG: A Survey16 Dec 2025
- 2025Entriever: Energy-based Retriever for Knowledge-Grounded Dialog Systems31 May 2025
- 2025TROVE: A Challenge for Fine-Grained Text Provenance via Source Sentence Tracing and Relationship Classification19 Mar 2025
- 2025FinBloom: Knowledge Grounding Large Language Model with Real-time Financial Data4 Feb 2025
- 2024A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Models31 Dec 2024
- 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapy11 Nov 2024
- 2024CrowdCounter: A benchmark type-specific multi-target counterspeech dataset2 Oct 2024
- 2024Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Conversational Systems31 Jul 2024
- 2024On Zero-Shot Counterspeech Generation by LLMs22 Mar 2024
- 2024Can Language Models Act as Knowledge Bases at Scale?22 Feb 2024
- 2024Improving the Robustness of Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue via Contrastive Learning9 Jan 2024
- 2023Graph vs. Sequence: An Empirical Study on Knowledge Forms for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue13 Dec 2023
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- 2023PICK: Polished & Informed Candidate Scoring for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems19 Sep 2023
- 2023Unleashing Potential of Evidence in Knowledge-Intensive Dialogue Generation15 Sep 2023
- 2023A Conversation is Worth A Thousand Recommendations: A Survey of Holistic Conversational Recommender Systems14 Sep 2023
- 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Models13 Sep 2023
- 2023KnowPrefix-Tuning: A Two-Stage Prefix-Tuning Framework for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation27 Jun 2023
- 2023Knowledge Graph-Augmented Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation30 May 2023
- 2023Graph Reasoning for Question Answering with Triplet Retrieval30 May 2023
- 2023Causal Document-Grounded Dialogue Pre-training18 May 2023
- 2023The Open-domain Paradox for Chatbots: Common Ground as the Basis for Human-like Dialogue21 Mar 2023
- 2023Retrieving Multimodal Information for Augmented Generation: A Survey20 Mar 2023
- 2023PK-ICR: Persona-Knowledge Interactive Context Retrieval for Grounded Dialogue13 Feb 2023
- 2022DialGuide: Aligning Dialogue Model Behavior with Developer Guidelines20 Dec 2022
- 2022Mind the Knowledge Gap: A Survey of Knowledge-enhanced Dialogue Systems19 Dec 2022
- 2022RHO (ρ): Reducing Hallucination in Open-domain Dialogues with Knowledge Grounding3 Dec 2022
- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Language Models11 Nov 2022
- 2022MOCHA: A Multi-Task Training Approach for Coherent Text Generation from Cognitive Perspective26 Oct 2022
- 2022INSPIRED2: An Improved Dataset for Sociable Conversational Recommendation8 Aug 2022
- 2022Building Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems with Graph-Based Semantic Modeling27 Apr 2022
- 2022EVA2.0: Investigating Open-Domain Chinese Dialogue Systems with Large-Scale Pre-Training17 Mar 2022
- 2023Retrieving Multimodal Information for Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 85
- 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 84
- 2022A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 76
- 2023Knowledge Graph-Augmented Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 54
- 2022RHO (ρ): Reducing Hallucination in Open-domain Dialogues with Knowledge Groundingcited by 47
- 2022EVA2.0: Investigating Open-Domain Chinese Dialogue Systems with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 31
- 2024Can Language Models Act as Knowledge Bases at Scale?cited by 17
- 2024On Zero-Shot Counterspeech Generation by LLMscited by 17
- 2023Unleashing Potential of Evidence in Knowledge-Intensive Dialogue Generationcited by 11
- 2024A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Modelscited by 9
- 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapycited by 7
- 2023PK-ICR: Persona-Knowledge Interactive Context Retrieval for Grounded Dialoguecited by 6
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2025Entriever: Energy-based Retriever for Knowledge-Grounded Dialog Systems31 May 2025
- 2025TROVE: A Challenge for Fine-Grained Text Provenance via Source Sentence Tracing and Relationship Classification19 Mar 2025
- 2025FinBloom: Knowledge Grounding Large Language Model with Real-time Financial Data4 Feb 2025
- 2024A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Models31 Dec 2024
- 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapy11 Nov 2024
- 2024CrowdCounter: A benchmark type-specific multi-target counterspeech dataset2 Oct 2024
- 2024On Zero-Shot Counterspeech Generation by LLMs22 Mar 2024
- 2024Can Language Models Act as Knowledge Bases at Scale?22 Feb 2024
- 2024Improving the Robustness of Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue via Contrastive Learning9 Jan 2024
- 2023Graph vs. Sequence: An Empirical Study on Knowledge Forms for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue13 Dec 2023
- 2023Sequence-Level Certainty Reduces Hallucination In Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation28 Oct 2023
- 2023PICK: Polished & Informed Candidate Scoring for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems19 Sep 2023
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)