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Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representation

arXiv 2112.07924 ↗First posted 15 Dec 2021cs.CLcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

Knowledge-grounded dialogue systems are challenging to build due to the lack of training data and heterogeneous knowledge sources. Existing systems perform poorly on unseen topics due to limited topics covered in the training data. In addition, heterogeneous knowledge sources make it challenging for systems to generalize to other tasks because knowledge sources in different knowledge representations require different knowledge encoders. To address these challenges, we present PLUG, a language model that homogenizes different knowledge sources to a unified knowledge representation for knowledge-grounded dialogue generation tasks. PLUG is pre-trained on a dialogue generation task conditioned on a unified essential knowledge representation. It can generalize to different downstream knowledge-grounded dialogue generation tasks with a few training examples. The empirical evaluation on two benchmarks shows that our model generalizes well across different knowledge-grounded tasks. It can achieve comparable performance with state-of-the-art methods under a fully-supervised setting and significantly outperforms other methods in zero-shot and few-shot settings.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2021.

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37 of 55 references.

References · 37

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25 more
  1. 2020How Much Knowledge Can You Pack Into the Parameters of a Language Model?cited by 719
  2. 2021Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversationcited by 692
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  10. 2020Improving Conversational Recommender Systems via Knowledge Graph based Semantic Fusioncited by 122
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  12. 2020Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 107
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 13; 2024: 7; 2025: 4.

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  1. 2023Retrieving Multimodal Information for Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 85
  2. 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 84
  3. 2022A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 76
  4. 2023Knowledge Graph-Augmented Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 54
  5. 2022RHO (ρ): Reducing Hallucination in Open-domain Dialogues with Knowledge Groundingcited by 47
  6. 2023Graph Reasoning for Question Answering with Triplet Retrievalcited by 34
  7. 2022EVA2.0: Investigating Open-Domain Chinese Dialogue Systems with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 31
  8. 2024Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Conversational Systemscited by 22
  9. 2024Can Language Models Act as Knowledge Bases at Scale?cited by 17
  10. 2024On Zero-Shot Counterspeech Generation by LLMscited by 17
  11. 2023Unleashing Potential of Evidence in Knowledge-Intensive Dialogue Generationcited by 11
  12. 2024A review of faithfulness metrics for hallucination assessment in Large Language Modelscited by 9
20 more
  1. 2024Script-Strategy Aligned Generation: Aligning LLMs with Expert-Crafted Dialogue Scripts and Therapeutic Strategies for Psychotherapycited by 7
  2. 2023PK-ICR: Persona-Knowledge Interactive Context Retrieval for Grounded Dialoguecited by 6
  3. 2023KnowPrefix-Tuning: A Two-Stage Prefix-Tuning Framework for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 5
  4. 2023Sequence-Level Certainty Reduces Hallucination In Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 5
  5. 2024CrowdCounter: A benchmark type-specific multi-target counterspeech datasetcited by 5
  6. 2022INSPIRED2: An Improved Dataset for Sociable Conversational Recommendationcited by 4
  7. 2022MOCHA: A Multi-Task Training Approach for Coherent Text Generation from Cognitive Perspectivecited by 4
  8. 2022DialGuide: Aligning Dialogue Model Behavior with Developer Guidelinescited by 4
  9. 2023The Open-domain Paradox for Chatbots: Common Ground as the Basis for Human-like Dialoguecited by 4
  10. 2023Causal Document-Grounded Dialogue Pre-trainingcited by 4
  11. 2025TROVE: A Challenge for Fine-Grained Text Provenance via Source Sentence Tracing and Relationship Classificationcited by 4
  12. 2023A Conversation is Worth A Thousand Recommendations: A Survey of Holistic Conversational Recommender Systemscited by 3
  13. 2022Building Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems with Graph-Based Semantic Modelingcited by 2
  14. 2024Improving the Robustness of Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue via Contrastive Learningcited by 2
  15. 2025Roles of MLLMs in Visually Rich Document Retrieval for RAG: A Surveycited by 2
  16. 2022Mind the Knowledge Gap: A Survey of Knowledge-enhanced Dialogue Systemscited by 1
  17. 2023PICK: Polished & Informed Candidate Scoring for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systemscited by 1
  18. 2023Graph vs. Sequence: An Empirical Study on Knowledge Forms for Knowledge-Grounded Dialoguecited by 1
  19. 2025FinBloom: Knowledge Grounding Large Language Model with Real-time Financial Datacited by 1
  20. 2025Entriever: Energy-based Retriever for Knowledge-Grounded Dialog Systemscited by 0