The Adapter-Bot: All-In-One Controllable Conversational Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
Considerable progress has been made towards conversational models that generate coherent and fluent responses by training large language models on large dialogue datasets. These models have little or no control of the generated responses and miss two important features: continuous dialogue skills integration and seamlessly leveraging diverse knowledge sources. In this paper, we propose the Adapter-Bot, a dialogue model that uses a fixed backbone conversational model such as DialGPT (Zhang et al., 2019) and triggers on-demand dialogue skills (e.g., emphatic response, weather information, movie recommendation) via different adapters (Houlsby et al., 2019). Each adapter can be trained independently, thus allowing a continual integration of skills without retraining the entire model. Depending on the skills, the model is able to process multiple knowledge types, such as text, tables, and graphs, in a seamless manner. The dialogue skills can be triggered automatically via a dialogue manager, or manually, thus allowing high-level control of the generated responses. At the current stage, we have implemented 12 response styles (e.g., positive, negative etc.), 8 goal-oriented skills (e.g. weather information, movie recommendation, etc.), and personalized and emphatic responses. We evaluate our model using automatic evaluation by comparing it with existing state-of-the-art conversational models, and we have released an interactive system at adapter.bot.ust.hk.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 11; 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 2.
38 papers.
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- 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 128
- 2021Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Groundingcited by 106
- 2021BoB: BERT Over BERT for Training Persona-based Dialogue Models from Limited Personalized Datacited by 75
- 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systemscited by 64
- 2024Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Image-Grounded Guidancecited by 44
- 2021Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representationcited by 32
- 2023Task-Optimized Adapters for an End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 30
- 2021Fusing task-oriented and open-domain dialogues in conversational agentscited by 28
- 2022A Model-Agnostic Data Manipulation Method for Persona-based Dialogue Generationcited by 25
- 2023Mixture of Soft Prompts for Controllable Data Generationcited by 23
- 2021Assessing Political Prudence of Open-domain Chatbotscited by 20
- 2022Text Revision by On-the-Fly Representation Optimizationcited by 17
26 more
- 2023Learning to Memorize Entailment and Discourse Relations for Persona-Consistent Dialoguescited by 17
- 2024LLM-based multi-agent poetry generation in non-cooperative environmentscited by 15
- 2021Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Adaptercited by 14
- 2022BotsTalk: Machine-sourced Framework for Automatic Curation of Large-scale Multi-skill Dialogue Datasetscited by 13
- 2023Counterspeeches up my sleeve! Intent Distribution Learning and Persistent Fusion for Intent-Conditioned Counterspeech Generationcited by 13
- 2023MidMed: Towards Mixed-Type Dialogues for Medical Consultationcited by 13
- 2021UniDS: A Unified Dialogue System for Chit-Chat and Task-oriented Dialoguescited by 12
- 2021Model Generalization on COVID-19 Fake News Detectioncited by 11
- 2024Training and Serving System of Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 11
- 2021Local Explanation of Dialogue Response Generationcited by 7
- 2024Evaluating the Smooth Control of Attribute Intensity in Text Generation with LLMscited by 7
- 2022Injecting Domain Knowledge in Language Models for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 6
- 2021Zero-Shot Controlled Generation with Encoder-Decoder Transformerscited by 5
- 2022Modularized Transfer Learning with Multiple Knowledge Graphs for Zero-shot Commonsense Reasoningcited by 5
- 2022Enhancing Task Bot Engagement with Synthesized Open-Domain Dialogcited by 5
- 2022Hierarchical Inductive Transfer for Continual Dialogue Learningcited by 3
- 2022Can Open Domain Question Answering Systems Answer Visual Knowledge Questions?cited by 2
- 2023Unified Conversational Models with System-Initiated Transitions between Chit-Chat and Task-Oriented Dialoguescited by 2
- 2023System-Initiated Transitions from Chit-Chat to Task-Oriented Dialogues with Transition Info Extractor and Transition Sentence Generatorcited by 2
- 2024STAMPsy: Towards SpatioTemporal-Aware Mixed-Type Dialogues for Psychological Counselingcited by 2
- 2022A Chit-Chats Enhanced Task-Oriented Dialogue Corpora for Fuse-Motive Conversation Systemscited by 1
- 2024Unstructured Text Enhanced Open-domain Dialogue System: A Systematic Surveycited by 1
- 2025KwaiChat: A Large-Scale Video-Driven Multilingual Mixed-Type Dialogue Corpuscited by 1
- 2022From Knowledge Augmentation to Multi-tasking: Towards Human-like Dialogue Systemscited by 0
- 2024A Stack-Propagation Framework for Low-Resource Personalized Dialogue Generationcited by 0
- 2025AgentCTG: Harnessing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Fine-Grained Precise Control in Text Generationcited by 0
- 2025AgentCTG: Harnessing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Fine-Grained Precise Control in Text Generation17 Sep 2025
- 2025KwaiChat: A Large-Scale Video-Driven Multilingual Mixed-Type Dialogue Corpus10 Mar 2025
- 2024STAMPsy: Towards SpatioTemporal-Aware Mixed-Type Dialogues for Psychological Counseling21 Dec 2024
- 2024Unstructured Text Enhanced Open-domain Dialogue System: A Systematic Survey14 Nov 2024
- 2024A Stack-Propagation Framework for Low-Resource Personalized Dialogue Generation26 Oct 2024
- 2024LLM-based multi-agent poetry generation in non-cooperative environments5 Sep 2024
- 2024Evaluating the Smooth Control of Attribute Intensity in Text Generation with LLMs6 Jun 2024
- 2024Mitigating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Image-Grounded Guidance13 Feb 2024
- 2024Training and Serving System of Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey5 Jan 2024
- 2023System-Initiated Transitions from Chit-Chat to Task-Oriented Dialogues with Transition Info Extractor and Transition Sentence Generator6 Aug 2023
- 2023Unified Conversational Models with System-Initiated Transitions between Chit-Chat and Task-Oriented Dialogues4 Jul 2023
- 2023MidMed: Towards Mixed-Type Dialogues for Medical Consultation5 Jun 2023
26 more
- 2023Counterspeeches up my sleeve! Intent Distribution Learning and Persistent Fusion for Intent-Conditioned Counterspeech Generation23 May 2023
- 2023Task-Optimized Adapters for an End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue System4 May 2023
- 2023Mixture of Soft Prompts for Controllable Data Generation2 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning to Memorize Entailment and Discourse Relations for Persona-Consistent Dialogues12 Jan 2023
- 2022Enhancing Task Bot Engagement with Synthesized Open-Domain Dialog20 Dec 2022
- 2022Injecting Domain Knowledge in Language Models for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems15 Dec 2022
- 2022From Knowledge Augmentation to Multi-tasking: Towards Human-like Dialogue Systems14 Nov 2022
- 2022BotsTalk: Machine-sourced Framework for Automatic Curation of Large-scale Multi-skill Dialogue Datasets23 Oct 2022
- 2022Modularized Transfer Learning with Multiple Knowledge Graphs for Zero-shot Commonsense Reasoning8 Jun 2022
- 2022A Chit-Chats Enhanced Task-Oriented Dialogue Corpora for Fuse-Motive Conversation Systems12 May 2022
- 2022A Model-Agnostic Data Manipulation Method for Persona-based Dialogue Generation21 Apr 2022
- 2022Text Revision by On-the-Fly Representation Optimization15 Apr 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Inductive Transfer for Continual Dialogue Learning20 Mar 2022
- 2022Can Open Domain Question Answering Systems Answer Visual Knowledge Questions?9 Feb 2022
- 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Models14 Jan 2022
- 2021Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representation15 Dec 2021
- 2021Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Adapter1 Nov 2021
- 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systems15 Oct 2021
- 2021UniDS: A Unified Dialogue System for Chit-Chat and Task-oriented Dialogues15 Oct 2021
- 2021Fusing task-oriented and open-domain dialogues in conversational agents9 Sep 2021
- 2021Local Explanation of Dialogue Response Generation11 Jun 2021
- 2021Zero-Shot Controlled Generation with Encoder-Decoder Transformers11 Jun 2021
- 2021BoB: BERT Over BERT for Training Persona-based Dialogue Models from Limited Personalized Data11 Jun 2021
- 2021Assessing Political Prudence of Open-domain Chatbots11 Jun 2021
- 2021Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Grounding17 Apr 2021
- 2021Model Generalization on COVID-19 Fake News Detection11 Jan 2021
- 2022A Survey of Controllable Text Generation using Transformer-based Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 128
- 2021Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Groundingcited by 106
- 2021BoB: BERT Over BERT for Training Persona-based Dialogue Models from Limited Personalized Datacited by 75
- 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systemscited by 64
- 2021Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation with a Unified Knowledge Representationcited by 32
- 2023Task-Optimized Adapters for an End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemcited by 30
- 2021Fusing task-oriented and open-domain dialogues in conversational agentscited by 28
- 2022A Model-Agnostic Data Manipulation Method for Persona-based Dialogue Generationcited by 25
- 2023Mixture of Soft Prompts for Controllable Data Generationcited by 23
- 2021Assessing Political Prudence of Open-domain Chatbotscited by 20
- 2022Text Revision by On-the-Fly Representation Optimizationcited by 17
- 2023Learning to Memorize Entailment and Discourse Relations for Persona-Consistent Dialoguescited by 17
12 most cited of 35 All 35 (JSON)
- 2025AgentCTG: Harnessing Multi-Agent Collaboration for Fine-Grained Precise Control in Text Generation17 Sep 2025
- 2025KwaiChat: A Large-Scale Video-Driven Multilingual Mixed-Type Dialogue Corpus10 Mar 2025
- 2024STAMPsy: Towards SpatioTemporal-Aware Mixed-Type Dialogues for Psychological Counseling21 Dec 2024
- 2024Unstructured Text Enhanced Open-domain Dialogue System: A Systematic Survey14 Nov 2024
- 2024A Stack-Propagation Framework for Low-Resource Personalized Dialogue Generation26 Oct 2024
- 2024Evaluating the Smooth Control of Attribute Intensity in Text Generation with LLMs6 Jun 2024
- 2024Training and Serving System of Foundation Models: A Comprehensive Survey5 Jan 2024
- 2023System-Initiated Transitions from Chit-Chat to Task-Oriented Dialogues with Transition Info Extractor and Transition Sentence Generator6 Aug 2023
- 2023Unified Conversational Models with System-Initiated Transitions between Chit-Chat and Task-Oriented Dialogues4 Jul 2023
- 2023MidMed: Towards Mixed-Type Dialogues for Medical Consultation5 Jun 2023
- 2023Counterspeeches up my sleeve! Intent Distribution Learning and Persistent Fusion for Intent-Conditioned Counterspeech Generation23 May 2023
- 2023Task-Optimized Adapters for an End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue System4 May 2023
12 newest of 35 All 35 (JSON)