PolyViT: Co-training Vision Transformers on Images, Videos and Audio
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Can we train a single transformer model capable of processing multiple modalities and datasets, whilst sharing almost all of its learnable parameters? We present PolyViT, a model trained on image, audio and video which answers this question. By co-training different tasks on a single modality, we are able to improve the accuracy of each individual task and achieve state-of-the-art results on 5 standard video- and audio-classification datasets. Co-training PolyViT on multiple modalities and tasks leads to a model that is even more parameter-efficient, and learns representations that generalize across multiple domains. Moreover, we show that co-training is simple and practical to implement, as we do not need to tune hyperparameters for each combination of datasets, but can simply adapt those from standard, single-task training.
Key facts. Cited by 58 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 73 of its 87 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Nov 2021.
Builds on
73 of 87 references.
References · 73
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
- 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
- 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
- 2020Bootstrap your own latent: A new approach to self-supervised Learningcited by 4,712
38 more
- 2019Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for NLPcited by 4,195
- 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
- 2017Non-local Neural Networkscited by 2,290
- 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,219
- 2013Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentationcited by 2,160
- 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,894
- 2018SlowFast Networks for Video Recognitioncited by 1,862
- 2021ViViT: A Video Vision Transformercited by 1,610
- 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,609
- 2017Multi-Task Learning Using Uncertainty to Weigh Losses for Scene Geometry and Semanticscited by 1,345
- 2020Gradient Surgery for Multi-Task Learningcited by 1,210
- 2021Frozen in Time: A Joint Video and Image Encoder for End-to-End Retrievalcited by 1,175
- 2021Perceiver: General Perception with Iterative Attentioncited by 1,089
- 2016SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model sizecited by 1,054
- 2016Deep Networks with Stochastic Depthcited by 973
- 2017Revisiting Unreasonable Effectiveness of Data in Deep Learning Eracited by 916
- 2016Temporal Segment Networks: Towards Good Practices for Deep Action Recognitioncited by 899
- 2021Multiscale Vision Transformerscited by 896
- 2018TSM: Temporal Shift Module for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 852
- 2017GradNorm: Gradient Normalization for Adaptive Loss Balancing in Deep Multitask Networkscited by 816
- 2018Multi-Task Learning as Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 809
- 2020VGGSound: A Large-scale Audio-Visual Datasetcited by 641
- 2020X3D: Expanding Architectures for Efficient Video Recognitioncited by 635
- 2021AST: Audio Spectrogram Transformercited by 634
- 2018Taskonomy: Disentangling Task Transfer Learningcited by 631
- 2021Perceiver IO: A General Architecture for Structured Inputs & Outputscited by 616
- 2017Self-Normalizing Neural Networkscited by 591
- 2017Learning multiple visual domains with residual adapterscited by 553
- 2019End-to-End Learning of Visual Representations from Uncurated Instructional Videoscited by 506
- 2014Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecturecited by 483
- 2020UnifiedQA: Crossing Format Boundaries With a Single QA Systemcited by 475
- 2016Cross-stitch Networks for Multi-task Learningcited by 466
- 2019Unicoder-VL: A Universal Encoder for Vision and Language by Cross-modal Pre-trainingcited by 451
- 2021VATT: Transformers for Multimodal Self-Supervised Learning from Raw Video, Audio and Textcited by 427
- 2019A Large-scale Study of Representation Learning with the Visual Task Adaptation Benchmarkcited by 419
- 2021Attention Bottlenecks for Multimodal Fusioncited by 361
- 2019What Makes Training Multi-Modal Classification Networks Hard?cited by 340
- 2017Temporal Relational Reasoning in Videoscited by 324
50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 20; 2023: 18; 2024: 11; 2025: 8; 2026: 1.
58 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them Allcited by 1,162
- 2022Multimodal Learning with Transformers: A Surveycited by 399
- 2022Multimodal Contrastive Learning with LIMoE: the Language-Image Mixture of Expertscited by 202
- 2022Foundations and Trends in Multimodal Machine Learning: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 116
- 2022OmniMAE: Single Model Masked Pretraining on Images and Videoscited by 99
- 2023Audio-Visual LLM for Video Understandingcited by 76
- 2022Vision Transformers are Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Learnerscited by 72
- 2022CLIPPO: Image-and-Language Understanding from Pixels Onlycited by 53
- 2022Rethinking Video ViTs: Sparse Video Tubes for Joint Image and Video Learningcited by 49
- 2022Audiovisual Masked Autoencoderscited by 47
- 2022High-Modality Multimodal Transformer: Quantifying Modality & Interaction Heterogeneity for High-Modality Representation Learningcited by 31
- 2022Effective Adaptation in Multi-Task Co-Training for Unified Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
38 more
- 2023DaTaSeg: Taming a Universal Multi-Dataset Multi-Task Segmentation Modelcited by 30
- 2023ViT-Lens: Towards Omni-modal Representationscited by 29
- 2023Towards Universal Image Embeddings: A Large-Scale Dataset and Challenge for Generic Image Representationscited by 28
- 2022Learning Model Predictive Controllers with Real-Time Attention for Real-World Navigationcited by 27
- 2023Adaptive Computation with Elastic Input Sequencecited by 22
- 2022UAVM: Towards Unifying Audio and Visual Modelscited by 20
- 2024XTrack: Multimodal Training Boosts RGB-X Video Object Trackerscited by 20
- 2025RealRAG: Retrieval-augmented Realistic Image Generation via Self-reflective Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2022TencentPretrain: A Scalable and Flexible Toolkit for Pre-training Models of Different Modalitiescited by 19
- 2023Alternating Gradient Descent and Mixture-of-Experts for Integrated Multimodal Perceptioncited by 19
- 2022HiP: Hierarchical Perceivercited by 15
- 2023ViC-MAE: Self-Supervised Representation Learning from Images and Video with Contrastive Masked Autoencoderscited by 14
- 2024A Versatile Framework for Multi-scene Person Re-identificationcited by 14
- 2024Siamese Vision Transformers are Scalable Audio-visual Learnerscited by 12
- 2024M3-JEPA: Multimodal Alignment via Multi-gate MoE based on the Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecturecited by 12
- 2023Data-Efficient Multimodal Fusion on a Single GPUcited by 11
- 2022Multi-dataset Training of Transformers for Robust Action Recognitioncited by 10
- 2022Scaling Multimodal Pre-Training via Cross-Modality Gradient Harmonizationcited by 9
- 2023CoMAE: Single Model Hybrid Pre-training on Small-Scale RGB-D Datasetscited by 8
- 2023Visual Exemplar Driven Task-Prompting for Unified Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2023Video Task Decathlon: Unifying Image and Video Tasks in Autonomous Drivingcited by 8
- 2024Jointly Modeling Inter- & Intra-Modality Dependencies for Multi-modal Learningcited by 8
- 2024UDON: Universal Dynamic Online distillatioN for generic image representationscited by 8
- 2022X-Learner: Learning Cross Sources and Tasks for Universal Visual Representationcited by 6
- 2023Modality-invariant Visual Odometry for Embodied Visioncited by 6
- 2022Play It Back: Iterative Attention for Audio Recognitioncited by 3
- 2024Zoom-shot: Fast and Efficient Unsupervised Zero-Shot Transfer of CLIP to Vision Encoders with Multimodal Losscited by 3
- 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptationcited by 3
- 2022Deep Architectures for Content Moderation and Movie Content Ratingcited by 2
- 2023BenchMD: A Benchmark for Unified Learning on Medical Images and Sensorscited by 2
- 2023TMT-VIS: Taxonomy-aware Multi-dataset Joint Training for Video Instance Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025textttAVROBUSTBENCH: Benchmarking the Robustness of Audio-Visual Recognition Models at Test-Timecited by 2
- 2023Does Visual Pretraining Help End-to-End Reasoning?cited by 1
- 2023ViT-Lens: Initiating Omni-Modal Exploration through 3D Insightscited by 1
- 2024Computer vision tasks for intelligent aerospace missions: An overviewcited by 1
- 2025Lightweight Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Framework for Maritime Multi-Scene Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025AMA-SAM: Adversarial Multi-Domain Alignment of Segment Anything Model for High-Fidelity Histology Nuclei Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025Separating Shared and Domain-Specific LoRAs for Multi-Domain Learningcited by 1
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026Audio-Visual Continual Test-Time Adaptation without Forgetting20 Feb 2026
- 2025MMLANDMARKS: a Cross-View Instance-Level Benchmark for Geo-Spatial Understanding19 Dec 2025
- 2025Vision-Free Retrieval: Rethinking Multimodal Search with Textual Scene Descriptions23 Sep 2025
- 2025Separating Shared and Domain-Specific LoRAs for Multi-Domain Learning5 Aug 2025
- 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptation14 Jun 2025
- 2025textttAVROBUSTBENCH: Benchmarking the Robustness of Audio-Visual Recognition Models at Test-Time31 May 2025
- 2025AMA-SAM: Adversarial Multi-Domain Alignment of Segment Anything Model for High-Fidelity Histology Nuclei Segmentation27 Mar 2025
- 2025Lightweight Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Framework for Maritime Multi-Scene Recognition10 Mar 2025
- 2025RealRAG: Retrieval-augmented Realistic Image Generation via Self-reflective Contrastive Learning2 Feb 2025
- 2024Sensitive Image Classification by Vision Transformers21 Dec 2024
- 2024Any-to-3D Generation via Hybrid Diffusion Supervision22 Nov 2024
- 2024M3-JEPA: Multimodal Alignment via Multi-gate MoE based on the Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture9 Sep 2024
38 more
- 2024Computer vision tasks for intelligent aerospace missions: An overview9 Jul 2024
- 2024UDON: Universal Dynamic Online distillatioN for generic image representations12 Jun 2024
- 2024XTrack: Multimodal Training Boosts RGB-X Video Object Trackers28 May 2024
- 2024Jointly Modeling Inter- & Intra-Modality Dependencies for Multi-modal Learning27 May 2024
- 2024Foundations of Multisensory Artificial Intelligence29 Apr 2024
- 2024Siamese Vision Transformers are Scalable Audio-visual Learners28 Mar 2024
- 2024A Versatile Framework for Multi-scene Person Re-identification17 Mar 2024
- 2024Zoom-shot: Fast and Efficient Unsupervised Zero-Shot Transfer of CLIP to Vision Encoders with Multimodal Loss22 Jan 2024
- 2023Data-Efficient Multimodal Fusion on a Single GPU15 Dec 2023
- 2023Audio-Visual LLM for Video Understanding11 Dec 2023
- 2023TMT-VIS: Taxonomy-aware Multi-dataset Joint Training for Video Instance Segmentation11 Dec 2023
- 2023ViT-Lens: Towards Omni-modal Representations27 Nov 2023
- 2023Video Task Decathlon: Unifying Image and Video Tasks in Autonomous Driving8 Sep 2023
- 2023Towards Universal Image Embeddings: A Large-Scale Dataset and Challenge for Generic Image Representations4 Sep 2023
- 2023Joint learning of images and videos with a single Vision Transformer21 Aug 2023
- 2023ViT-Lens: Initiating Omni-Modal Exploration through 3D Insights20 Aug 2023
- 2023Does Visual Pretraining Help End-to-End Reasoning?17 Jul 2023
- 2023DaTaSeg: Taming a Universal Multi-Dataset Multi-Task Segmentation Model2 Jun 2023
- 2023Alternating Gradient Descent and Mixture-of-Experts for Integrated Multimodal Perception10 May 2023
- 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them All9 May 2023
- 2023Modality-invariant Visual Odometry for Embodied Vision29 Apr 2023
- 2023BenchMD: A Benchmark for Unified Learning on Medical Images and Sensors17 Apr 2023
- 2023ViC-MAE: Self-Supervised Representation Learning from Images and Video with Contrastive Masked Autoencoders21 Mar 2023
- 2023Visual Exemplar Driven Task-Prompting for Unified Perception in Autonomous Driving3 Mar 2023
- 2023CoMAE: Single Model Hybrid Pre-training on Small-Scale RGB-D Datasets13 Feb 2023
- 2023Adaptive Computation with Elastic Input Sequence30 Jan 2023
- 2022CLIPPO: Image-and-Language Understanding from Pixels Only15 Dec 2022
- 2022Vision Transformers are Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Learners15 Dec 2022
- 2022TencentPretrain: A Scalable and Flexible Toolkit for Pre-training Models of Different Modalities13 Dec 2022
- 2022Audiovisual Masked Autoencoders9 Dec 2022
- 2022Deep Architectures for Content Moderation and Movie Content Rating8 Dec 2022
- 2022Rethinking Video ViTs: Sparse Video Tubes for Joint Image and Video Learning6 Dec 2022
- 2022Scaling Multimodal Pre-Training via Cross-Modality Gradient Harmonization3 Nov 2022
- 2022Play It Back: Iterative Attention for Audio Recognition20 Oct 2022
- 2022Multi-dataset Training of Transformers for Robust Action Recognition26 Sep 2022
- 2022Learning Model Predictive Controllers with Real-Time Attention for Real-World Navigation22 Sep 2022
- 2022Effective Adaptation in Multi-Task Co-Training for Unified Autonomous Driving19 Sep 2022
- 2022Foundations and Trends in Multimodal Machine Learning: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questions7 Sep 2022
50 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2022Multimodal Contrastive Learning with LIMoE: the Language-Image Mixture of Expertscited by 202
- 2023Alternating Gradient Descent and Mixture-of-Experts for Integrated Multimodal Perceptioncited by 19
- 2024M3-JEPA: Multimodal Alignment via Multi-gate MoE based on the Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecturecited by 12
- 2024M3-JEPA: Multimodal Alignment via Multi-gate MoE based on the Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture9 Sep 2024
- 2023Alternating Gradient Descent and Mixture-of-Experts for Integrated Multimodal Perception10 May 2023
- 2022Multimodal Contrastive Learning with LIMoE: the Language-Image Mixture of Experts6 Jun 2022
- 2024Any-to-3D Generation via Hybrid Diffusion Supervisioncited by 0
- 2024Any-to-3D Generation via Hybrid Diffusion Supervision22 Nov 2024
- 2023ImageBind: One Embedding Space To Bind Them Allcited by 1,162
- 2022Multimodal Learning with Transformers: A Surveycited by 399
- 2022Foundations and Trends in Multimodal Machine Learning: Principles, Challenges, and Open Questionscited by 116
- 2022OmniMAE: Single Model Masked Pretraining on Images and Videoscited by 99
- 2022Vision Transformers are Parameter-Efficient Audio-Visual Learnerscited by 72
- 2022CLIPPO: Image-and-Language Understanding from Pixels Onlycited by 53
- 2022Rethinking Video ViTs: Sparse Video Tubes for Joint Image and Video Learningcited by 49
- 2022Audiovisual Masked Autoencoderscited by 47
- 2022High-Modality Multimodal Transformer: Quantifying Modality & Interaction Heterogeneity for High-Modality Representation Learningcited by 31
- 2023DaTaSeg: Taming a Universal Multi-Dataset Multi-Task Segmentation Modelcited by 30
- 2023ViT-Lens: Towards Omni-modal Representationscited by 29
- 2023Towards Universal Image Embeddings: A Large-Scale Dataset and Challenge for Generic Image Representationscited by 28
12 most cited of 47 All 47 (JSON)
- 2026Audio-Visual Continual Test-Time Adaptation without Forgetting20 Feb 2026
- 2025MMLANDMARKS: a Cross-View Instance-Level Benchmark for Geo-Spatial Understanding19 Dec 2025
- 2025Separating Shared and Domain-Specific LoRAs for Multi-Domain Learning5 Aug 2025
- 2025Exploring Audio Cues for Enhanced Test-Time Video Model Adaptation14 Jun 2025
- 2025textttAVROBUSTBENCH: Benchmarking the Robustness of Audio-Visual Recognition Models at Test-Time31 May 2025
- 2025AMA-SAM: Adversarial Multi-Domain Alignment of Segment Anything Model for High-Fidelity Histology Nuclei Segmentation27 Mar 2025
- 2025Lightweight Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Framework for Maritime Multi-Scene Recognition10 Mar 2025
- 2024Sensitive Image Classification by Vision Transformers21 Dec 2024
- 2024Computer vision tasks for intelligent aerospace missions: An overview9 Jul 2024
- 2024UDON: Universal Dynamic Online distillatioN for generic image representations12 Jun 2024
- 2024XTrack: Multimodal Training Boosts RGB-X Video Object Trackers28 May 2024
- 2024Jointly Modeling Inter- & Intra-Modality Dependencies for Multi-modal Learning27 May 2024
12 newest of 47 All 47 (JSON)