Understanding the World Through Action
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Abstract (arXiv)
The recent history of machine learning research has taught us that machine learning methods can be most effective when they are provided with very large, high-capacity models, and trained on very large and diverse datasets. This has spurred the community to search for ways to remove any bottlenecks to scale. Often the foremost among such bottlenecks is the need for human effort, including the effort of curating and labeling datasets. As a result, considerable attention in recent years has been devoted to utilizing unlabeled data, which can be collected in vast quantities. However, some of the most widely used methods for training on such unlabeled data themselves require human-designed objective functions that must correlate in some meaningful way to downstream tasks. I will argue that a general, principled, and powerful framework for utilizing unlabeled data can be derived from reinforcement learning, using general purpose unsupervised or self-supervised reinforcement learning objectives in concert with offline reinforcement learning methods that can leverage large datasets. I will discuss how such a procedure is more closely aligned with potential downstream tasks, and how it could build on existing techniques that have been developed in recent years.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2021.
Builds on
25 of 37 references.
References · 25
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
- 2014Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networkscited by 2,986
- 2018Deep contextualized word representationscited by 2,290
- 2020Offline Reinforcement Learning: Tutorial, Review, and Perspectives on Open Problemscited by 1,920
- 2020Conservative Q-Learning for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,809
- 2019Stabilizing Off-Policy Q-Learning via Bootstrapping Error Reductioncited by 840
- 2018Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Functioncited by 752
- 2018QT-Opt: Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Based Robotic Manipulationcited by 743
- 2020AWAC: Accelerating Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datasetscited by 671
- 2016Unifying Count-Based Exploration and Intrinsic Motivationcited by 639
- 2019Dynamics-Aware Unsupervised Discovery of Skillscited by 313
13 more
- 2016Variational Intrinsic Controlcited by 267
- 2021Towards Causal Representation Learningcited by 209
- 2019Skew-Fit: State-Covering Self-Supervised Reinforcement Learningcited by 174
- 2021Actionable Models: Unsupervised Offline Reinforcement Learning of Robotic Skillscited by 125
- 2021Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Modelscited by 121
- 2020C-Learning: Learning to Achieve Goals via Recursive Classificationcited by 103
- 2018Unsupervised Control Through Non-Parametric Discriminative Rewardscited by 102
- 2017Building machines that adapt and compute like brainscited by 99
- 2018Temporal Difference Models: Model-Free Deep RL for Model-Based Controlcited by 89
- 2013Empowerment -- an Introductioncited by 68
- 2020Generative Temporal Difference Learning for Infinite-Horizon Predictioncited by 45
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- 2021Outcome-Driven Reinforcement Learning via Variational Inferencecited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 9; 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
17 papers.
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- 2022VRL3: A Data-Driven Framework for Visual Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 52
- 2023When Demonstrations Meet Generative World Models: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2023Large Sequence Models for Sequential Decision-Making: A Surveycited by 19
- 2022Pretraining in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 18
- 2022Phasic Self-Imitative Reduction for Sparse-Reward Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2022Robots Enact Malignant Stereotypescited by 14
- 2022Reducing Variance in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation via Ensemble of Deep Networkscited by 13
- 2022Contextual Transformer for Offline Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2023Prospective Role of Foundation Models in Advancing Autonomous Vehiclescited by 7
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- 2022Towards Improving Exploration in Self-Imitation Learning using Intrinsic Motivationcited by 3
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- 2023Probabilistic Constrained Reinforcement Learning with Formal Interpretability13 Jul 2023
- 2023Large Sequence Models for Sequential Decision-Making: A Survey24 Jun 2023
- 2023Roots and Requirements for Collaborative AIs21 Mar 2023
- 2023When Demonstrations Meet Generative World Models: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning15 Feb 2023
- 2022Towards Improving Exploration in Self-Imitation Learning using Intrinsic Motivation30 Nov 2022
- 2022Contextual Transformer for Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning15 Nov 2022
- 2022Pretraining in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey8 Nov 2022
- 2022Reducing Variance in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation via Ensemble of Deep Networks16 Sep 2022
5 more
- 2022Cell-Free Latent Go-Explore31 Aug 2022
- 2022Robots Enact Malignant Stereotypes23 Jul 2022
- 2022Phasic Self-Imitative Reduction for Sparse-Reward Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning24 Jun 2022
- 2022VRL3: A Data-Driven Framework for Visual Deep Reinforcement Learning17 Feb 2022
- 2022Don't Change the Algorithm, Change the Data: Exploratory Data for Offline Reinforcement Learning31 Jan 2022
- 2022VRL3: A Data-Driven Framework for Visual Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 52
- 2023Large Sequence Models for Sequential Decision-Making: A Surveycited by 19
- 2022Pretraining in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 18
- 2022Phasic Self-Imitative Reduction for Sparse-Reward Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
- 2022Robots Enact Malignant Stereotypescited by 14
- 2022Reducing Variance in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation via Ensemble of Deep Networkscited by 13
- 2023Prospective Role of Foundation Models in Advancing Autonomous Vehiclescited by 7
- 2022Cell-Free Latent Go-Explorecited by 5
- 2023Probabilistic Constrained Reinforcement Learning with Formal Interpretabilitycited by 2
- 2025Mechanism-Based Intelligence (MBI): Differentiable Incentives for Rational Coordination and Guaranteed Alignment in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 2
- 2023Roots and Requirements for Collaborative AIscited by 0
- 2025Mechanism-Based Intelligence (MBI): Differentiable Incentives for Rational Coordination and Guaranteed Alignment in Multi-Agent Systems22 Dec 2025
- 2023Prospective Role of Foundation Models in Advancing Autonomous Vehicles8 Dec 2023
- 2023Probabilistic Constrained Reinforcement Learning with Formal Interpretability13 Jul 2023
- 2023Large Sequence Models for Sequential Decision-Making: A Survey24 Jun 2023
- 2023Roots and Requirements for Collaborative AIs21 Mar 2023
- 2022Pretraining in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey8 Nov 2022
- 2022Reducing Variance in Temporal-Difference Value Estimation via Ensemble of Deep Networks16 Sep 2022
- 2022Cell-Free Latent Go-Explore31 Aug 2022
- 2022Robots Enact Malignant Stereotypes23 Jul 2022
- 2022Phasic Self-Imitative Reduction for Sparse-Reward Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning24 Jun 2022
- 2022VRL3: A Data-Driven Framework for Visual Deep Reinforcement Learning17 Feb 2022
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- 2024Leveraging Unlabeled Data Sharing through Kernel Function Approximation in Offline Reinforcement Learning
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- 2021Representation Matters: Offline Pretraining for Sequential Decision Making
- 2025Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Guiding World Models with Non-Curated Data
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