mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

StyleAlign: Analysis and Applications of Aligned StyleGAN Models

arXiv 2110.11323 ↗First posted 21 Oct 2021cs.CV cs.GR cs.LGcited by 48

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we perform an in-depth study of the properties and applications of aligned generative models. We refer to two models as aligned if they share the same architecture, and one of them (the child) is obtained from the other (the parent) via fine-tuning to another domain, a common practice in transfer learning. Several works already utilize some basic properties of aligned StyleGAN models to perform image-to-image translation. Here, we perform the first detailed exploration of model alignment, also focusing on StyleGAN. First, we empirically analyze aligned models and provide answers to important questions regarding their nature. In particular, we find that the child model's latent spaces are semantically aligned with those of the parent, inheriting incredibly rich semantics, even for distant data domains such as human faces and churches. Second, equipped with this better understanding, we leverage aligned models to solve a diverse set of tasks. In addition to image translation, we demonstrate fully automatic cross-domain image morphing. We further show that zero-shot vision tasks may be performed in the child domain, while relying exclusively on supervision in the parent domain. We demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively that our approach yields state-of-the-art results, while requiring only simple fine-tuning and inversion.

Key facts. Cited by 48 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 76 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2021.

Builds on

61 of 76 references.

References · 61

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
  3. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  4. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  5. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  6. 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,679
  7. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  8. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  9. 2018Unified Perceptual Parsing for Scene Understandingcited by 1,265
  10. 2014How transferable are features in deep neural networks?cited by 1,216
  11. 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,184
  12. 2017High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANscited by 1,176
38 more
  1. 2019StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domainscited by 1,095
  2. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
  3. 2021StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagerycited by 990
  4. 2018Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 795
  5. 2020Encoding in Style: a StyleGAN Encoder for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 727
  6. 2017Network Dissection: Quantifying Interpretability of Deep Visual Representationscited by 703
  7. 2019Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs for Semantic Face Editingcited by 691
  8. 2019A Closer Look at Few-shot Classificationcited by 679
  9. 2019Image2StyleGAN: How to Embed Images Into the StyleGAN Latent Space?cited by 675
  10. 2018BiSeNet: Bilateral Segmentation Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentationcited by 645
  11. 2020Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 637
  12. 2019MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulationcited by 624
  13. 2020GANSpace: Discovering Interpretable GAN Controlscited by 612
  14. 2017Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation Networkscited by 602
  15. 2021Designing an Encoder for StyleGAN Image Manipulationcited by 542
  16. 2020In-Domain GAN Inversion for Real Image Editingcited by 420
  17. 2020InterFaceGAN: Interpreting the Disentangled Face Representation Learned by GANscited by 393
  18. 2018Rethinking ImageNet Pre-trainingcited by 376
  19. 2021GAN Inversion: A Surveycited by 366
  20. 2017Measuring Catastrophic Forgetting in Neural Networkscited by 359
  21. 2016Generative Visual Manipulation on the Natural Image Manifoldcited by 348
  22. 2020StyleFlow: Attribute-conditioned Exploration of StyleGAN-Generated Images using Conditional Continuous Normalizing Flowscited by 348
  23. 2020StyleSpace Analysis: Disentangled Controls for StyleGAN Image Generationcited by 331
  24. 2017Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translationcited by 295
  25. 2017Learning to Discover Cross-Domain Relations with Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 278
  26. 2020StyleRig: Rigging StyleGAN for 3D Control over Portrait Imagescited by 267
  27. 2019SEAN: Image Synthesis with Semantic Region-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 253
  28. 2019On the "steerability" of generative adversarial networkscited by 247
  29. 2019DRIT++: Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representationscited by 244
  30. 2019Few-Shot Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 222
  31. 2021Few-shot Image Generation via Cross-domain Correspondencecited by 206
  32. 2020Adversarial Latent Autoencoderscited by 155
  33. 2018Transferring GANs: generating images from limited datacited by 134
  34. 2020Freeze the Discriminator: a Simple Baseline for Fine-Tuning GANscited by 132
  35. 2020Few-shot Image Generation with Elastic Weight Consolidationcited by 122
  36. 2019Learning to Predict Layout-to-image Conditional Convolutions for Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 108
  37. 2019MineGAN: effective knowledge transfer from GANs to target domains with few imagescited by 106
  38. 2020Resolution Dependent GAN Interpolation for Controllable Image Synthesis Between Domainscited by 96

50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 17; 2023: 16; 2024: 3; 2025: 11.

48 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023Human Motion Diffusion as a Generative Priorcited by 354
  2. 2021HyperStyle: StyleGAN Inversion with HyperNetworks for Real Image Editingcited by 208
  3. 2023Encoder-based Domain Tuning for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 203
  4. 2025DreamO: A Unified Framework for Image Customizationcited by 82
  5. 2022Stitch it in Time: GAN-Based Facial Editing of Real Videoscited by 68
  6. 2022Pastiche Master: Exemplar-Based High-Resolution Portrait Style Transfercited by 66
  7. 2022Third Time's the Charm? Image and Video Editing with StyleGAN3cited by 54
  8. 2025OmniConsistency: Learning Style-Agnostic Consistency from Paired Stylization Datacited by 32
  9. 2022Sem2NeRF: Converting Single-View Semantic Masks to Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 29
  10. 2022Face Generation and Editing with StyleGAN: A Surveycited by 27
  11. 2022MyStyle: A Personalized Generative Priorcited by 26
  12. 2024StyleStudio: Text-Driven Style Transfer with Selective Control of Style Elementscited by 26
36 more
  1. 2025USO: Unified Style and Subject-Driven Generation via Disentangled and Reward Learningcited by 26
  2. 2025StyleSSP: Sampling StartPoint Enhancement for Training-free Diffusion-based Method for Style Transfercited by 23
  3. 2022HyperDomainNet: Universal Domain Adaptation for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 19
  4. 2023StyleGANEX: StyleGAN-Based Manipulation Beyond Cropped Aligned Facescited by 19
  5. 2022DynaGAN: Dynamic Few-shot Adaptation of GANs to Multiple Domainscited by 15
  6. 2023Partial Identifiability for Domain Adaptationcited by 14
  7. 2023Domain Expansion of Image Generatorscited by 13
  8. 2023PREIM3D: 3D Consistent Precise Image Attribute Editing from a Single Imagecited by 11
  9. 2023Expanding Expressiveness of Diffusion Models with Limited Data via Self-Distillation based Fine-Tuningcited by 11
  10. 2022Mind the Gap in Distilling StyleGANscited by 10
  11. 2022StyleDomain: Efficient and Lightweight Parameterizations of StyleGAN for One-shot and Few-shot Domain Adaptationcited by 10
  12. 2022What's in a Decade? Transforming Faces Through Timecited by 9
  13. 2023DeformToon3D: Deformable 3D Toonification from Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 9
  14. 2022Dr.3D: Adapting 3D GANs to Artistic Drawingscited by 8
  15. 2025Free-Lunch Color-Texture Disentanglement for Stylized Image Generationcited by 8
  16. 2022Cycle Encoding of a StyleGAN Encoder for Improved Reconstruction and Editabilitycited by 7
  17. 2025Steering Guidance for Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  18. 2022Self-Conditioned Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Editingcited by 6
  19. 2025StyleMe3D: Stylization with Disentangled Priors by Multiple Encoders on 3D Gaussianscited by 6
  20. 2022Multiview Regenerative Morphing with Dual Flowscited by 5
  21. 2023Target-Aware Generative Augmentations for Single-Shot Adaptationcited by 5
  22. 2023Fix the Noise: Disentangling Source Feature for Controllable Domain Translationcited by 4
  23. 2023Improving the Effectiveness of Deep Generative Datacited by 4
  24. 2022Polymorphic-GAN: Generating Aligned Samples across Multiple Domains with Learned Morph Mapscited by 3
  25. 2023Cross-GAN Auditing: Unsupervised Identification of Attribute Level Similarities and Differences between Pretrained Generative Modelscited by 2
  26. 2023Revisiting Latent Space of GAN Inversion for Real Image Editingcited by 2
  27. 2025Snapmoji: Instant Generation of Animatable Dual-Stylized Avatarscited by 2
  28. 2023Enhancing the Authenticity of Rendered Portraits with Identity-Consistent Transfer Learningcited by 1
  29. 2024LocRef-Diffusion:Tuning-Free Layout and Appearance-Guided Generationcited by 1
  30. 2022Fix the Noise: Disentangling Source Feature for Transfer Learning of StyleGANcited by 0
  31. 2023Balancing Reconstruction and Editing Quality of GAN Inversion for Real Image Editing with StyleGAN Prior Latent Spacecited by 0
  32. 2023Facial Reenactment Through a Personalized Generatorcited by 0
  33. 2024StyleBrush: Style Extraction and Transfer from a Single Imagecited by 0
  34. 2025Towards Conditional Feature Alignment for Cross-Domain Countingcited by 0
  35. 2025Advancing Facial Stylization through Semantic Preservation Constraint and Pseudo-Paired Supervisioncited by 0
  36. 2025Styleclone: Face Stylization with Diffusion Based Data Augmentationcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025AlignedGen: Aligning Style Across Generated Images
  2. 2023Customize StyleGAN with One Hand Sketch
  3. 2024StyleInject: Parameter Efficient Tuning of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models
  4. 2024Boosting Alignment for Post-Unlearning Text-to-Image Generative Models
  5. 2025AlignTok: Aligning Visual Foundation Encoders to Tokenizers for Diffusion Models
  6. 2025Model alignment using inter-modal bridges
  7. 2026Pareto-Enhanced Portrait Generation: Vision-Aligned Text Supervision for Alignment, Realism, and Aesthetics
  8. 2025Modest-Align: Data-Efficient Alignment for Vision-Language Models