USO: Unified Style and Subject-Driven Generation via Disentangled and Reward Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Existing literature typically treats style-driven and subject-driven generation as two disjoint tasks: the former prioritizes stylistic similarity, whereas the latter insists on subject consistency, resulting in an apparent antagonism. We argue that both objectives can be unified under a single framework because they ultimately concern the disentanglement and re-composition of content and style, a long-standing theme in style-driven research. To this end, we present USO, a Unified Style-Subject Optimized customization model. First, we construct a large-scale triplet dataset consisting of content images, style images, and their corresponding stylized content images. Second, we introduce a disentangled learning scheme that simultaneously aligns style features and disentangles content from style through two complementary objectives, style-alignment training and content-style disentanglement training. Third, we incorporate a style reward-learning paradigm denoted as SRL to further enhance the model's performance. Finally, we release USO-Bench, the first benchmark that jointly evaluates style similarity and subject fidelity across multiple metrics. Extensive experiments demonstrate that USO achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source models along both dimensions of subject consistency and style similarity. Code and model: https://github.com/bytedance/USO
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2025.
Builds on
40 of 41 references.
References · 40
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
- 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 3,300
- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
- 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,245
- 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 2,010
- 2023IP-Adapter: Text Compatible Image Prompt Adapter for Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 1,464
- 2023ImageReward: Learning and Evaluating Human Preferences for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,045
- 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 1,044
- 2025FLUX.1 Kontext: Flow Matching for In-Context Image Generation and Editing in Latent Spacecited by 1,006
28 more
- 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
- 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 442
- 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 416
- 2024OmniGen: Unified Image Generationcited by 394
- 2024OminiControl: Minimal and Universal Control for Diffusion Transformercited by 340
- 2025OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generationcited by 253
- 2022Re-Imagen: Retrieval-Augmented Text-to-Image Generatorcited by 210
- 2023Style Injection in Diffusion: A Training-free Approach for Adapting Large-scale Diffusion Models for Style Transfercited by 196
- 2024InstantStyle: Free Lunch towards Style-Preserving in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 170
- 2024In-Context LoRA for Diffusion Transformerscited by 158
- 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generationcited by 154
- 2023SSR-Encoder: Encoding Selective Subject Representation for Subject-Driven Generationcited by 143
- 2024Implicit Style-Content Separation using B-LoRAcited by 135
- 2024Measuring Style Similarity in Diffusion Modelscited by 109
- 2025DreamO: A Unified Framework for Image Customizationcited by 83
- 2024CSGO: Content-Style Composition in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 78
- 2024DEADiff: An Efficient Stylization Diffusion Model with Disentangled Representationscited by 68
- 2024Visual Style Prompting with Swapping Self-Attentioncited by 63
- 2024StyleShot: A Snapshot on Any Stylecited by 62
- 2021StyleAlign: Analysis and Applications of Aligned StyleGAN Modelscited by 48
- 2024RealCustom: Narrowing Real Text Word for Real-Time Open-Domain Text-to-Image Customizationcited by 39
- 2025InfiniteYou: Flexible Photo Recrafting While Preserving Your Identitycited by 35
- 2025OmniStyle: Filtering High Quality Style Transfer Data at Scalecited by 30
- 2024BootPIG: Bootstrapping Zero-shot Personalized Image Generation Capabilities in Pretrained Diffusion Modelscited by 27
- 2024StyleStudio: Text-Driven Style Transfer with Selective Control of Style Elementscited by 26
- 2024RealCustom++: Representing Images as Real Textual Word for Real-Time Customizationcited by 16
- 2025RealGeneral: Unifying Visual Generation via Temporal In-Context Learning with Video Modelscited by 16
- 2024VMix: Improving Text-to-Image Diffusion Model with Cross-Attention Mixing Controlcited by 9
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 9; 2026: 18.
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- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generationcited by 17
- 2026Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergycited by 12
- 2025Scone: Bridging Composition and Distinction in Subject-Driven Image Generation via Unified Understanding-Generation Modelingcited by 10
- 2025EditIDv2: Editable ID Customization with Data-Lubricated ID Feature Integration for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025iMontage: Unified, Versatile, Highly Dynamic Many-to-many Image Generationcited by 6
- 2026InnoAds-Composer: Efficient Condition Composition for E-Commerce Poster Generationcited by 6
- 20253SGen: Unified Subject, Style, and Structure-Driven Image Generation with Adaptive Task-specific Memorycited by 5
- 2025Loom: Diffusion-Transformer for Interleaved Generationcited by 4
- 2026Garments2Look: A Multi-Reference Dataset for High-Fidelity Outfit-Level Virtual Try-On with Clothing and Accessoriescited by 4
- 2025EmoStyle: Emotion-Driven Image Stylizationcited by 3
- 2026UniRef-Image-Edit: Towards Scalable and Consistent Multi-Reference Image Editingcited by 3
- 2026Scaling Multi-Reference Image Generation with Dynamic Reward Optimizationcited by 3
15 more
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- 2025OmniStyle2: Learning to Stylize by Learning to Destylizecited by 1
- 2025A Style is Worth One Code: Unlocking Code-to-Style Image Generation with Discrete Style Spacecited by 1
- 2026Towards Generalized Multi-Image Editing for Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 1
- 2026Mixture of Style Experts for Diverse Image Stylizationcited by 1
- 2026FreeStyle: Free Control of Style-Content Dual-Reference Generation from Community LoRA Miningcited by 1
- 2026Unleashing Multimodal Large Language Models for Training-free HOI Detection in the Wildcited by 1
- 2026DreamStyle3D: Efficient 3D Stylized Asset Generation via Dual-Attention Disentanglementcited by 1
- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvascited by 0
- 2026UniCSG: Unified High-Fidelity Content-Constrained Style-Driven Generation via Staged Semantic and Frequency Disentanglementcited by 0
- 2026Fashion130K: An E-commerce Fashion Dataset for Outfit Generation with Unified Multi-modal Conditioncited by 0
- 2026Squeezing Capacity from Multimodal Large Language Models for Subject-driven Generationcited by 0
- 2026CopyCat: Improving Fine-Grained Subject Consistency in Subject-to-Image Models within Secondscited by 0
- 2026CRAFT: Constrained Reward via Attention Fine-Tuning for Subject Personalization without Composed Targetscited by 0
- 2026WithEveryone: Unified Planning and Identity Grounding for Group Image Generationcited by 0
- 2026WithEveryone: Unified Planning and Identity Grounding for Group Image Generation20 Aug 2026
- 2026CRAFT: Constrained Reward via Attention Fine-Tuning for Subject Personalization without Composed Targets14 Aug 2026
- 2026CopyCat: Improving Fine-Grained Subject Consistency in Subject-to-Image Models within Seconds1 Aug 2026
- 2026DreamStyle3D: Efficient 3D Stylized Asset Generation via Dual-Attention Disentanglement27 Jul 2026
- 2026Unleashing Multimodal Large Language Models for Training-free HOI Detection in the Wild15 Jul 2026
- 2026Scaling Multi-Reference Image Generation with Dynamic Reward Optimization25 Jun 2026
- 2026FreeStyle: Free Control of Style-Content Dual-Reference Generation from Community LoRA Mining18 Jun 2026
- 2026Squeezing Capacity from Multimodal Large Language Models for Subject-driven Generation25 May 2026
- 2026Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergy18 May 2026
- 2026UniCustom: Unified Visual Conditioning for Multi-Reference Image Generation12 May 2026
- 2026Fashion130K: An E-commerce Fashion Dataset for Outfit Generation with Unified Multi-modal Condition11 May 2026
- 2026UniCSG: Unified High-Fidelity Content-Constrained Style-Driven Generation via Staged Semantic and Frequency Disentanglement20 Apr 2026
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- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvas16 Mar 2026
- 2026Garments2Look: A Multi-Reference Dataset for High-Fidelity Outfit-Level Virtual Try-On with Clothing and Accessories14 Mar 2026
- 2026InnoAds-Composer: Efficient Condition Composition for E-Commerce Poster Generation6 Mar 2026
- 2026UniRef-Image-Edit: Towards Scalable and Consistent Multi-Reference Image Editing15 Feb 2026
- 2026Towards Generalized Multi-Image Editing for Unified Multimodal Models9 Jan 2026
- 20253SGen: Unified Subject, Style, and Structure-Driven Image Generation with Adaptive Task-specific Memory22 Dec 2025
- 2025Loom: Diffusion-Transformer for Interleaved Generation20 Dec 2025
- 2025Scone: Bridging Composition and Distinction in Subject-Driven Image Generation via Unified Understanding-Generation Modeling14 Dec 2025
- 2025EmoStyle: Emotion-Driven Image Stylization5 Dec 2025
- 2025iMontage: Unified, Versatile, Highly Dynamic Many-to-many Image Generation25 Nov 2025
- 2025A Style is Worth One Code: Unlocking Code-to-Style Image Generation with Discrete Style Space13 Nov 2025
- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generation16 Oct 2025
- 2025OmniStyle2: Learning to Stylize by Learning to Destylize7 Sep 2025
- 2025EditIDv2: Editable ID Customization with Data-Lubricated ID Feature Integration for Text-to-Image Generation6 Sep 2025
- 2026Mixture of Style Experts for Diverse Image Stylizationcited by 1
- 2026Mixture of Style Experts for Diverse Image Stylization17 Mar 2026
- 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generationcited by 17
- 2026Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergycited by 12
- 2025Scone: Bridging Composition and Distinction in Subject-Driven Image Generation via Unified Understanding-Generation Modelingcited by 10
- 2025EditIDv2: Editable ID Customization with Data-Lubricated ID Feature Integration for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
- 2025iMontage: Unified, Versatile, Highly Dynamic Many-to-many Image Generationcited by 6
- 2026InnoAds-Composer: Efficient Condition Composition for E-Commerce Poster Generationcited by 6
- 20253SGen: Unified Subject, Style, and Structure-Driven Image Generation with Adaptive Task-specific Memorycited by 5
- 2025Loom: Diffusion-Transformer for Interleaved Generationcited by 4
- 2026Garments2Look: A Multi-Reference Dataset for High-Fidelity Outfit-Level Virtual Try-On with Clothing and Accessoriescited by 4
- 2025EmoStyle: Emotion-Driven Image Stylizationcited by 3
- 2026UniRef-Image-Edit: Towards Scalable and Consistent Multi-Reference Image Editingcited by 3
- 2026Scaling Multi-Reference Image Generation with Dynamic Reward Optimizationcited by 3
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026WithEveryone: Unified Planning and Identity Grounding for Group Image Generation20 Aug 2026
- 2026CRAFT: Constrained Reward via Attention Fine-Tuning for Subject Personalization without Composed Targets14 Aug 2026
- 2026CopyCat: Improving Fine-Grained Subject Consistency in Subject-to-Image Models within Seconds1 Aug 2026
- 2026DreamStyle3D: Efficient 3D Stylized Asset Generation via Dual-Attention Disentanglement27 Jul 2026
- 2026Scaling Multi-Reference Image Generation with Dynamic Reward Optimization25 Jun 2026
- 2026FreeStyle: Free Control of Style-Content Dual-Reference Generation from Community LoRA Mining18 Jun 2026
- 2026Lance: Unified Multimodal Modeling by Multi-Task Synergy18 May 2026
- 2026UniCustom: Unified Visual Conditioning for Multi-Reference Image Generation12 May 2026
- 2026Fashion130K: An E-commerce Fashion Dataset for Outfit Generation with Unified Multi-modal Condition11 May 2026
- 2026UniCSG: Unified High-Fidelity Content-Constrained Style-Driven Generation via Staged Semantic and Frequency Disentanglement20 Apr 2026
- 2026AnyPhoto: Multi-Person Identity Preserving Image Generation with ID Adaptive Modulation on Location Canvas16 Mar 2026
- 2026Garments2Look: A Multi-Reference Dataset for High-Fidelity Outfit-Level Virtual Try-On with Clothing and Accessories14 Mar 2026
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)