mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Optimized U-Net for Brain Tumor Segmentation

arXiv 2110.03352 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2021eess.IV cs.CV cs.LGcited by 40

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We propose an optimized U-Net architecture for a brain tumor segmentation task in the BraTS21 challenge. To find the optimal model architecture and the learning schedule, we have run an extensive ablation study to test: deep supervision loss, Focal loss, decoder attention, drop block, and residual connections. Additionally, we have searched for the optimal depth of the U-Net encoder, number of convolutional channels and post-processing strategy. Our method won the validation phase and took third place in the test phase. We have open-sourced the code to reproduce our BraTS21 submission at the NVIDIA Deep Learning Examples GitHub Repository.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2021.

Builds on

23 of 38 references.

References · 23

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  4. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  5. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  6. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  7. 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
  8. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
  9. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  10. 2015Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classificationcited by 3,590
  11. 2016V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentationcited by 2,284
  12. 2018UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1,518
11 more
  1. 2018Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreascited by 1,420
  2. 2017Mixed Precision Trainingcited by 1,135
  3. 2021UNETR: Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 954
  4. 2017Focal Loss for Dense Object Detectioncited by 749
  5. 2021The Medical Segmentation Decathloncited by 620
  6. 2021The RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS 2021 Benchmark on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Radiogenomic Classificationcited by 507
  7. 20183D MRI brain tumor segmentation using autoencoder regularizationcited by 324
  8. 2018DropBlock: A regularization method for convolutional networkscited by 261
  9. 2020nnU-Net for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 103
  10. 2017Deeply-Supervised CNN for Prostate Segmentationcited by 30
  11. 2018Cascaded V-Net using ROI masks for brain tumor segmentationcited by 26

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 14; 2024: 11; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.

40 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022CKD-TransBTS: Clinical Knowledge-Driven Hybrid Transformer with Modality-Correlated Cross-Attention for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 24
  2. 2022FakeNews: GAN-based generation of realistic 3D volumetric data -- A systematic review and taxonomycited by 13
  3. 2023Topology-Aware Focal Loss for 3D Image Segmentationcited by 12
  4. 2023MIST: Medical Image Segmentation Transformer with Convolutional Attention Mixing (CAM) Decodercited by 12
  5. 2022High-Resolution Swin Transformer for Automatic Medical Image Segmentationcited by 8
  6. 2023Continuous U-Net: Faster, Greater and Noiselesscited by 8
  7. 2023AME-CAM: Attentive Multiple-Exit CAM for Weakly Supervised Segmentation on MRI Brain Tumorcited by 8
  8. 2022Large-Kernel Attention for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 7
  9. 2023Fetal-BET: Brain Extraction Tool for Fetal MRIcited by 7
  10. 2023Large-kernel Attention for Efficient and Robust Brain Lesion Segmentationcited by 5
  11. 2024Federated brain tumor segmentation: an extensive benchmarkcited by 5
  12. 2024An Ensemble Approach for Brain Tumor Segmentation and Synthesiscited by 5
28 more
  1. 2022Voxels Intersecting along Orthogonal Levels Attention U-Net for Intracerebral Haemorrhage Segmentation in Head CTcited by 4
  2. 2024An Optimization Framework for Processing and Transfer Learning for the Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 4
  3. 2024Robust Conformal Volume Estimation in 3D Medical Imagescited by 4
  4. 2025ReCoSeg++:Extended Residual-Guided Cross-Modal Diffusion for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 3
  5. 2022Negligible effect of brain MRI data preprocessing for tumor segmentationcited by 2
  6. 2023AutoPET Challenge 2023: Sliding Window-based Optimization of U-Netcited by 2
  7. 2023Brain Tumor Segmentation Based on Deep Learning, Attention Mechanisms, and Energy-Based Uncertainty Predictioncited by 2
  8. 2024Enhancing Weakly Supervised 3D Medical Image Segmentation through Probabilistic-aware Learningcited by 2
  9. 2022Multi-Modality Abdominal Multi-Organ Segmentation with Deep Supervised 3D Segmentation Modelcited by 1
  10. 2023Prediction of Diblock Copolymer Morphology via Machine Learningcited by 1
  11. 2023Whole-brain radiomics for clustered federated personalization in brain tumor segmentationcited by 1
  12. 2024Train-Free Segmentation in MRI with Cubical Persistent Homologycited by 1
  13. 2024Carefully Structured Compression: Efficiently Managing StarCraft II Datacited by 1
  14. 2024A4-Unet: Deformable Multi-Scale Attention Network for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 1
  15. 2025crossMoDA Challenge: Evolution of Cross-Modality Domain Adaptation Techniques for Vestibular Schwannoma and Cochlea Segmentation from 2021 to 2023cited by 1
  16. 2025Multimodal Fusion at Three Tiers: Physics-Driven Data Generation and Vision-Language Guidance for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 1
  17. 2022Artificial Intelligence Solution for Effective Treatment Planning for Glioblastoma Patientscited by 0
  18. 2023Squeeze Excitation Embedded Attention UNet for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 0
  19. 2023A Novel Confidence Induced Class Activation Mapping for MRI Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 0
  20. 2023Spatiotemporal Modeling Encounters 3D Medical Image Analysis: Slice-Shift UNet with Multi-View Fusioncited by 0
  21. 2023Tumor-Centered Patching for Enhanced Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  22. 2024Self-calibrated convolution towards glioma segmentationcited by 0
  23. 2024Re-DiffiNet: Modeling discrepancies in tumor segmentation using diffusion modelscited by 0
  24. 2024Hybrid Multihead Attentive Unet-3D for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 0
  25. 2025SWDL: Stratum-Wise Difference Learning with Deep Laplacian Pyramid for Semi-Supervised 3D Intracranial Hemorrhage Segmentationcited by 0
  26. 2026A Novel Framework using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logic with U-Net and U-Net++ Architecture: A case Study of MRI Bain Image Segmentationcited by 0
  27. 2026SegGuidedNet: Sub-Region-Aware Attention Supervision for Interpretable Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 0
  28. 2026Prob-BBDM: a Probabilistic Brownian Bridge Diffusion Model for MRI sequence image-to-image translationcited by 0