An Unsupervised Method for Building Sentence Simplification Corpora in Multiple Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
The availability of parallel sentence simplification (SS) is scarce for neural SS modelings. We propose an unsupervised method to build SS corpora from large-scale bilingual translation corpora, alleviating the need for SS supervised corpora. Our method is motivated by the following two findings: neural machine translation model usually tends to generate more high-frequency tokens and the difference of text complexity levels exists between the source and target language of a translation corpus. By taking the pair of the source sentences of translation corpus and the translations of their references in a bridge language, we can construct large-scale pseudo parallel SS data. Then, we keep these sentence pairs with a higher complexity difference as SS sentence pairs. The building SS corpora with an unsupervised approach can satisfy the expectations that the aligned sentences preserve the same meanings and have difference in text complexity levels. Experimental results show that SS methods trained by our corpora achieve the state-of-the-art results and significantly outperform the results on English benchmark WikiLarge.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2021.
Builds on
25 of 54 references.
References · 25
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- 2017Sentence Simplification with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 109
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13 more
- 2019EditNTS: An Neural Programmer-Interpreter Model for Sentence Simplification through Explicit Editingcited by 63
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 8; 2024: 3; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.
14 papers.
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- 2023Sentence Simplification via Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2023Preparing the Vuk'uzenzele and ZA-gov-multilingual South African multilingual corporacited by 12
- 2023Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levelscited by 11
- 2022Chinese Idiom Paraphrasingcited by 5
- 2023Exploiting Summarization Data to Help Text Simplificationcited by 5
- 2023A New Dataset and Empirical Study for Sentence Simplification in Chinesecited by 4
- 2023Creating a silver standard for patent simplificationcited by 3
- 2024Label Confidence Weighted Learning for Target-level Sentence Simplificationcited by 3
- 2024Readability-guided Idiom-aware Sentence Simplification (RISS) for Chinesecited by 1
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initializationcited by 0
- 2023MCTS: A Multi-Reference Chinese Text Simplification Datasetcited by 0
- 2024System Report for CCL24-Eval Task 7: Multi-Error Modeling and Fluency-Targeted Pre-training for Chinese Essay Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026ComplexityMT: Benchmarking the Interaction Between Text Complexity and Machine Translation3 Jun 2026
- 2026OasisSimp: An Open-source Asian-English Sentence Simplification Dataset14 Mar 2026
- 2024Label Confidence Weighted Learning for Target-level Sentence Simplification8 Oct 2024
- 2024System Report for CCL24-Eval Task 7: Multi-Error Modeling and Fluency-Targeted Pre-training for Chinese Essay Evaluation11 Jul 2024
- 2024Readability-guided Idiom-aware Sentence Simplification (RISS) for Chinese5 Jun 2024
- 2023Creating a silver standard for patent simplification24 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levels4 Aug 2023
- 2023A New Dataset and Empirical Study for Sentence Simplification in Chinese7 Jun 2023
- 2023MCTS: A Multi-Reference Chinese Text Simplification Dataset5 Jun 2023
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initialization31 May 2023
- 2023Preparing the Vuk'uzenzele and ZA-gov-multilingual South African multilingual corpora7 Mar 2023
- 2023Sentence Simplification via Large Language Models23 Feb 2023
2 more
- 2023Exploiting Summarization Data to Help Text Simplification14 Feb 2023
- 2022Chinese Idiom Paraphrasing15 Apr 2022
- 2023Sentence Simplification via Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2023Preparing the Vuk'uzenzele and ZA-gov-multilingual South African multilingual corporacited by 12
- 2023Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levelscited by 11
- 2022Chinese Idiom Paraphrasingcited by 5
- 2023Exploiting Summarization Data to Help Text Simplificationcited by 5
- 2023A New Dataset and Empirical Study for Sentence Simplification in Chinesecited by 4
- 2023Creating a silver standard for patent simplificationcited by 3
- 2024Label Confidence Weighted Learning for Target-level Sentence Simplificationcited by 3
- 2024Readability-guided Idiom-aware Sentence Simplification (RISS) for Chinesecited by 1
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initializationcited by 0
- 2023MCTS: A Multi-Reference Chinese Text Simplification Datasetcited by 0
- 2024System Report for CCL24-Eval Task 7: Multi-Error Modeling and Fluency-Targeted Pre-training for Chinese Essay Evaluationcited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026ComplexityMT: Benchmarking the Interaction Between Text Complexity and Machine Translation3 Jun 2026
- 2026OasisSimp: An Open-source Asian-English Sentence Simplification Dataset14 Mar 2026
- 2024Label Confidence Weighted Learning for Target-level Sentence Simplification8 Oct 2024
- 2024System Report for CCL24-Eval Task 7: Multi-Error Modeling and Fluency-Targeted Pre-training for Chinese Essay Evaluation11 Jul 2024
- 2024Readability-guided Idiom-aware Sentence Simplification (RISS) for Chinese5 Jun 2024
- 2023Creating a silver standard for patent simplification24 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning to Paraphrase Sentences to Different Complexity Levels4 Aug 2023
- 2023A New Dataset and Empirical Study for Sentence Simplification in Chinese7 Jun 2023
- 2023MCTS: A Multi-Reference Chinese Text Simplification Dataset5 Jun 2023
- 2023Sentence Simplification Using Paraphrase Corpus for Initialization31 May 2023
- 2023Preparing the Vuk'uzenzele and ZA-gov-multilingual South African multilingual corpora7 Mar 2023
- 2023Sentence Simplification via Large Language Models23 Feb 2023
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)