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Iterative Filter Adaptive Network for Single Image Defocus Deblurring

arXiv 2108.13610 ↗First posted 31 Aug 2021cs.CV eess.IVcited by 85

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a novel end-to-end learning-based approach for single image defocus deblurring. The proposed approach is equipped with a novel Iterative Filter Adaptive Network (IFAN) that is specifically designed to handle spatially-varying and large defocus blur. For adaptively handling spatially-varying blur, IFAN predicts pixel-wise deblurring filters, which are applied to defocused features of an input image to generate deblurred features. For effectively managing large blur, IFAN models deblurring filters as stacks of small-sized separable filters. Predicted separable deblurring filters are applied to defocused features using a novel Iterative Adaptive Convolution (IAC) layer. We also propose a training scheme based on defocus disparity estimation and reblurring, which significantly boosts the deblurring quality. We demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance both quantitatively and qualitatively on real-world images.

Key facts. Cited by 85 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2021.

Builds on

19 of 38 references.

References · 19

  1. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  2. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  3. 2015Spatial Transformer Networkscited by 1,423
  4. 2019On the Variance of the Adaptive Learning Rate and Beyondcited by 763
  5. 2016R-FCN: Object Detection via Region-based Fully Convolutional Networkscited by 414
  6. 2018Recovering Realistic Texture in Image Super-resolution by Deep Spatial Feature Transformcited by 369
  7. 2015Learning Deconvolution Network for Semantic Segmentationcited by 365
  8. 2016Dynamic Filter Networkscited by 318
  9. 2017Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Separable Convolutioncited by 211
  10. 2020SqueezeSegV3: Spatially-Adaptive Convolution for Efficient Point-Cloud Segmentationcited by 170
  11. 2017Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Convolutioncited by 158
  12. 2017Burst Denoising with Kernel Prediction Networkscited by 156
7 more
  1. 2020Defocus Deblurring Using Dual-Pixel Datacited by 138
  2. 2019Pixel-Adaptive Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 126
  3. 2019Spatio-Temporal Filter Adaptive Network for Video Deblurringcited by 106
  4. 2019Learning Single Camera Depth Estimation using Dual-Pixelscited by 49
  5. 2018Reblur2Deblur: Deblurring Videos via Self-Supervised Learningcited by 38
  6. 2017A Unified Approach of Multi-scale Deep and Hand-crafted Features for Defocus Estimationcited by 25
  7. 2016Convergence Analysis of MAP based Blur Kernel Estimationcited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 12; 2023: 14; 2024: 21; 2025: 23; 2026: 10.

85 papers.

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  1. 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,618
  2. 2021Deblur-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields from Blurry Imagescited by 179
  3. 2023Efficient and Explicit Modelling of Image Hierarchies for Image Restorationcited by 145
  4. 2021Improving Image Restoration by Revisiting Global Information Aggregationcited by 60
  5. 2022Learning to Deblur using Light Field Generated and Real Defocus Imagescited by 46
  6. 2023WaveDM: Wavelet-Based Diffusion Models for Image Restorationcited by 46
  7. 2024BAGS: Blur Agnostic Gaussian Splatting through Multi-Scale Kernel Modelingcited by 42
  8. 2024An Intelligent Agentic System for Complex Image Restoration Problemscited by 41
  9. 2024Enhancing Descriptive Image Quality Assessment with A Large-scale Multi-modal Datasetcited by 38
  10. 2023Improving Image Restoration through Removing Degradations in Textual Representationscited by 36
  11. 2023KBNet: Kernel Basis Network for Image Restorationcited by 33
  12. 2024Efficient Visual State Space Model for Image Deblurringcited by 27
38 more
  1. 2024Learning Enriched Features via Selective State Spaces Model for Efficient Image Deblurringcited by 25
  2. 2021Gaussian Kernel Mixture Network for Single Image Defocus Deblurringcited by 20
  3. 2022Multi-scale frequency separation network for image deblurringcited by 18
  4. 2022PDRF: Progressively Deblurring Radiance Field for Fast and Robust Scene Reconstruction from Blurry Imagescited by 14
  5. 2023Mutual-Guided Dynamic Network for Image Fusioncited by 14
  6. 2024A Unified Framework for Microscopy Defocus Deblur with Multi-Pyramid Transformer and Contrastive Learningcited by 13
  7. 2023DC2: Dual-Camera Defocus Control by Learning to Refocuscited by 12
  8. 2025Prior-guided Hierarchical Harmonization Network for Efficient Image Dehazingcited by 12
  9. 2023LDP: Language-driven Dual-Pixel Image Defocus Deblurring Networkcited by 11
  10. 2023Image Deblurring by Exploring In-depth Properties of Transformercited by 10
  11. 2025Intra and Inter Parser-Prompted Transformers for Effective Image Restorationcited by 10
  12. 2025Bokehlicious: Photorealistic Bokeh Rendering with Controllable Aperturescited by 10
  13. 2025Reversing Flow for Image Restorationcited by 10
  14. 2023Revisiting Image Deblurring with an Efficient ConvNetcited by 9
  15. 2023Masked Autoencoders as Image Processorscited by 8
  16. 2022Dual-former: Hybrid Self-attention Transformer for Efficient Image Restorationcited by 7
  17. 2023Depth Estimation and Image Restoration by Deep Learning from Defocused Imagescited by 7
  18. 2024IPT-V2: Efficient Image Processing Transformer using Hierarchical Attentionscited by 7
  19. 2022Neural Global Shutter: Learn to Restore Video from a Rolling Shutter Camera with Global Reset Featurecited by 6
  20. 2022Learning Single Image Defocus Deblurring with Misaligned Training Pairscited by 6
  21. 2024Boosting Image Restoration via Priors from Pre-trained Modelscited by 6
  22. 2024Dynamic Neural Radiance Field From Defocused Monocular Videocited by 6
  23. 2025UniDemoir'e: Towards Universal Image Demoir'eing with Data Generation and Synthesiscited by 6
  24. 2025Unsupervised Imaging Inverse Problems with Diffusion Distribution Matchingcited by 5
  25. 2025Enhancing Image Restoration Transformer via Adaptive Translation Equivariancecited by 5
  26. 2021Natural & Adversarial Bokeh Rendering via Circle-of-Confusion Predictive Networkcited by 4
  27. 2023Point-and-Shoot All-in-Focus Photo Synthesis from Smartphone Camera Paircited by 4
  28. 2024Emphasizing Crucial Features for Efficient Image Restorationcited by 4
  29. 2025Efficient Depth- and Spatially-Varying Image Simulation for Defocus Deblurcited by 4
  30. 2025Restore-R1: Efficient Image Restoration Agents via Reinforcement Learning with Multimodal LLM Perceptual Feedbackcited by 4
  31. 2022Real-Time Video Deblurring via Lightweight Motion Compensationcited by 3
  32. 2024Efficient Image Deblurring Networks based on Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  33. 2025Fast and Accurate Image Restoration and Generation with Rank Enhanced Linear Attentioncited by 3
  34. 2025Generative Refocusing: Flexible Defocus Control from a Single Imagecited by 3
  35. 2022Defocus Deblur Microscopy via Head-to-Tail Cross-scale Fusioncited by 2
  36. 2022DMTNet: Dynamic Multi-scale Network for Dual-pixel Images Defocus Deblurring with Transformercited by 2
  37. 2023A Feature Reuse Framework with Texture-adaptive Aggregation for Reference-based Super-Resolutioncited by 2
  38. 2024ConStyle v2: A Strong Prompter for All-in-One Image Restorationcited by 2

50 most cited of 85 All 85 (JSON)