mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Headed-Span-Based Projective Dependency Parsing

arXiv 2108.04750 ↗First posted 10 Aug 2021cs.CLcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a new method for projective dependency parsing based on headed spans. In a projective dependency tree, the largest subtree rooted at each word covers a contiguous sequence (i.e., a span) in the surface order. We call such a span marked by a root word textitheaded span. A projective dependency tree can be represented as a collection of headed spans. We decompose the score of a dependency tree into the scores of the headed spans and design a novel O(n3) dynamic programming algorithm to enable global training and exact inference. Our model achieves state-of-the-art or competitive results on PTB, CTB, and UD. Our code is publicly available at urlhttps://github.com/sustcsonglin/span-based-dependency-parsing.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 86 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Aug 2021.

Builds on

28 of 86 references.

References · 28

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16 more
  1. 2019Dependency-Guided LSTM-CRF for Named Entity Recognitioncited by 28
  2. 2019Enhancing Machine Translation with Dependency-Aware Self-Attentioncited by 24
  3. 2019Left-to-Right Dependency Parsing with Pointer Networkscited by 21
  4. 2016Span-Based Constituency Parsing with a Structure-Label System and Provably Optimal Dynamic Oraclescited by 20
  5. 2020Recursive Non-Autoregressive Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Dependency Parsing with Iterative Refinementcited by 20
  6. 2020Second-Order Neural Dependency Parsing with Message Passing and End-to-End Trainingcited by 17
  7. 2021Dependency Parsing as MRC-based Span-Span Predictioncited by 13
  8. 2020Multitask Pointer Network for Multi-Representational Parsingcited by 12
  9. 2020Span-based discontinuous constituency parsing: a family of exact chart-based algorithms with time complexities from O(n^6) down to O(n^3)cited by 11
  10. 2019Hierarchical Pointer Net Parsingcited by 8
  11. 2015Approximation-Aware Dependency Parsing by Belief Propagationcited by 6
  12. 2017Fast(er) Exact Decoding and Global Training for Transition-Based Dependency Parsing via a Minimal Feature Setcited by 5
  13. 2021Dependency Parsing with Bottom-up Hierarchical Pointer Networkscited by 5
  14. 2019Recursive Subtree Composition in LSTM-Based Dependency Parsingcited by 4
  15. 2018Global Transition-based Non-projective Dependency Parsingcited by 3
  16. 2019The (Non-)Utility of Structural Features in BiLSTM-based Dependency Parserscited by 3

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 1; 2023: 4; 2024: 1; 2025: 3.

11 papers.

  1. 2021Semantic Role Labeling as Dependency Parsing: Exploring Latent Tree Structures Inside Argumentscited by 14
  2. 2021Combining (second-order) graph-based and headed-span-based projective dependency parsingcited by 5
  3. 2023ChatGPT is a Potential Zero-Shot Dependency Parsercited by 5
  4. 2023Hexatagging: Projective Dependency Parsing as Taggingcited by 3
  5. 2023Linear-Time Modeling of Linguistic Structure: An Order-Theoretic Perspectivecited by 2
  6. 2024Revisiting Structured Sentiment Analysis as Latent Dependency Graph Parsingcited by 1
  7. 2022The Fragility of Multi-Treebank Parsing Evaluationcited by 0
  8. 2023High-order Joint Constituency and Dependency Parsingcited by 0
  9. 2025Scaling Graph-Based Dependency Parsing with Arc Vectorization and Attention-Based Refinementcited by 0
  10. 2025Dependency Parsing with the Structuralized Prompt Templatecited by 0
  11. 2025Weakly Supervised Fine-grained Span-Level Framework for Chinese Radiology Report Quality Assurancecited by 0