A Minimal Span-Based Neural Constituency Parser
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, we present a minimal neural model for constituency parsing based on independent scoring of labels and spans. We show that this model is not only compatible with classical dynamic programming techniques, but also admits a novel greedy top-down inference algorithm based on recursive partitioning of the input. We demonstrate empirically that both prediction schemes are competitive with recent work, and when combined with basic extensions to the scoring model are capable of achieving state-of-the-art single-model performance on the Penn Treebank (91.79 F1) and strong performance on the French Treebank (82.23 F1).
Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 May 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 26; 2022: 13; 2023: 10; 2024: 6; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
59 papers.
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- 2021SpanNER: Named Entity Re-/Recognition as Span Predictioncited by 55
- 2021Improving Compositional Generalization with Latent Structure and Data Augmentationcited by 46
- 2022Characterizing Intrinsic Compositionality in Transformers with Tree Projectionscited by 41
- 2023Reformulating Vision-Language Foundation Models and Datasets Towards Universal Multimodal Assistantscited by 25
- 2022Structural generalization is hard for sequence-to-sequence modelscited by 24
- 2021Self-Supervised Test-Time Learning for Reading Comprehensioncited by 22
- 2021Bottom-Up Constituency Parsing and Nested Named Entity Recognition with Pointer Networkscited by 21
- 2021RST Parsing from Scratchcited by 14
- 2022Nested Named Entity Recognition as Latent Lexicalized Constituency Parsingcited by 14
- 2021Headed-Span-Based Projective Dependency Parsingcited by 11
- 2021Semantic Parsing in Task-Oriented Dialog with Recursive Insertion-based Encodercited by 8
- 2021A Conditional Splitting Framework for Efficient Constituency Parsingcited by 7
38 more
- 2022Hierarchical Phrase-based Sequence-to-Sequence Learningcited by 7
- 2023Contextual Distortion Reveals Constituency: Masked Language Models are Implicit Parserscited by 7
- 2021Improved Latent Tree Induction with Distant Supervision via Span Constraintscited by 6
- 2021Something Old, Something New: Grammar-based CCG Parsing with Transformer Modelscited by 6
- 2022Compositional Generalisation with Structured Reordering and Fertility Layerscited by 6
- 2021Reducing Discontinuous to Continuous Parsing with Pointer Network Reorderingcited by 5
- 2021Combining (second-order) graph-based and headed-span-based projective dependency parsingcited by 5
- 2021Learning Syntax from Naturally-Occurring Bracketingscited by 4
- 2021Investigating Non-local Features for Neural Constituency Parsingcited by 4
- 2021Discontinuous Grammar as a Foreign Languagecited by 4
- 2022A Character-level Span-based Model for Mandarin Prosodic Structure Predictioncited by 4
- 2023LLM-enhanced Self-training for Cross-domain Constituency Parsingcited by 4
- 2021Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-speech Tagging via Two-stage Span Labelingcited by 3
- 2022A dynamic programming algorithm for span-based nested named-entity recognition in O(n^2)cited by 3
- 2023Approximating CKY with Transformerscited by 3
- 2021Head-driven Phrase Structure Parsing in O(n3) Time Complexitycited by 2
- 2021Span Labeling Approach for Vietnamese and Chinese Word Segmentationcited by 2
- 2021Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English: First Parsing Results and Analysiscited by 2
- 2022Lexicon-injected Semantic Parsing for Task-Oriented Dialogcited by 2
- 2023On graph-based reentrancy-free semantic parsingcited by 2
- 2023SynJax: Structured Probability Distributions for JAXcited by 2
- 2023Cross-Lingual Constituency Parsing for Middle High German: A Delexicalized Approachcited by 2
- 2024To be Continuous, or to be Discrete, Those are Bits of Questionscited by 2
- 2024An Attempt to Develop a Neural Parser based on Simplified Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar on Vietnamesecited by 2
- 2021In-Order Chart-Based Constituent Parsingcited by 1
- 2021GrammarTagger: A Multilingual, Minimally-Supervised Grammar Profiler for Language Educationcited by 1
- 2021Neural Sequence Segmentation as Determining the Leftmost Segmentscited by 1
- 2021Neural Combinatory Constituency Parsingcited by 1
- 2021Searching for More Efficient Dynamic Programscited by 1
- 2022Fast Rule-Based Decoding: Revisiting Syntactic Rules in Neural Constituency Parsingcited by 1
- 2023Geo-Encoder: A Chunk-Argument Bi-Encoder Framework for Chinese Geographic Re-Rankingcited by 1
- 2024Structured Tree Alignment for Evaluation of (Speech) Constituency Parsingcited by 1
- 2024Improving Unsupervised Constituency Parsing via Maximizing Semantic Informationcited by 1
- 2021Augmenting Part-of-speech Tagging with Syntactic Information for Vietnamese and Chinesecited by 0
- 2021Prosodic segmentation for parsing spoken dialoguecited by 0
- 2022Unsupervised and Few-shot Parsing from Pretrained Language Modelscited by 0
- 2022Shift-Reduce Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing with Stack-Transformerscited by 0
- 2022Order-sensitive Neural Constituency Parsingcited by 0
50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2026DPH Parser: A Bottom-Up Grammar-Driven Parser for Joint Constituency and Dependency Analysis5 Sep 2026
- 2026Holographic Neural PCFG for Unsupervised Parsing9 Jul 2026
- 2025Contrastive Learning on LLM Back Generation Treebank for Cross-domain Constituency Parsing27 May 2025
- 2025Scaling Graph-Based Dependency Parsing with Arc Vectorization and Attention-Based Refinement16 Jan 2025
- 2024An Attempt to Develop a Neural Parser based on Simplified Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar on Vietnamese26 Nov 2024
- 2024On Eliciting Syntax from Language Models via Hashing5 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Unsupervised Constituency Parsing via Maximizing Semantic Information3 Oct 2024
- 2024To be Continuous, or to be Discrete, Those are Bits of Questions12 Jun 2024
- 2024Cross-domain Chinese Sentence Pattern Parsing26 Feb 2024
- 2024Structured Tree Alignment for Evaluation of (Speech) Constituency Parsing21 Feb 2024
- 2023LLM-enhanced Self-training for Cross-domain Constituency Parsing5 Nov 2023
- 2023Reformulating Vision-Language Foundation Models and Datasets Towards Universal Multimodal Assistants1 Oct 2023
38 more
- 2023Geo-Encoder: A Chunk-Argument Bi-Encoder Framework for Chinese Geographic Re-Ranking4 Sep 2023
- 2023Cross-Lingual Constituency Parsing for Middle High German: A Delexicalized Approach9 Aug 2023
- 2023SynJax: Structured Probability Distributions for JAX7 Aug 2023
- 2023Improved POS tagging for spontaneous, clinical speech using data augmentation11 Jul 2023
- 2023Contextual Distortion Reveals Constituency: Masked Language Models are Implicit Parsers1 Jun 2023
- 2023Approximating CKY with Transformers3 May 2023
- 2023Prosodic features improve sentence segmentation and parsing23 Feb 2023
- 2023On graph-based reentrancy-free semantic parsing15 Feb 2023
- 2022Fast Rule-Based Decoding: Revisiting Syntactic Rules in Neural Constituency Parsing16 Dec 2022
- 2022Lexicon-injected Semantic Parsing for Task-Oriented Dialog26 Nov 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Phrase-based Sequence-to-Sequence Learning15 Nov 2022
- 2022Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Span-based Constituency Parsing3 Nov 2022
- 2022Characterizing Intrinsic Compositionality in Transformers with Tree Projections2 Nov 2022
- 2022Order-sensitive Neural Constituency Parsing1 Nov 2022
- 2022Structural generalization is hard for sequence-to-sequence models24 Oct 2022
- 2022Shift-Reduce Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing with Stack-Transformers21 Oct 2022
- 2022A dynamic programming algorithm for span-based nested named-entity recognition in O(n^2)10 Oct 2022
- 2022Compositional Generalisation with Structured Reordering and Fertility Layers6 Oct 2022
- 2022Unsupervised and Few-shot Parsing from Pretrained Language Models10 Jun 2022
- 2022A Character-level Span-based Model for Mandarin Prosodic Structure Prediction31 Mar 2022
- 2022Nested Named Entity Recognition as Latent Lexicalized Constituency Parsing9 Mar 2022
- 2021Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-speech Tagging via Two-stage Span Labeling17 Dec 2021
- 2021Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English: First Parsing Results and Analysis15 Dec 2021
- 2021Improving Compositional Generalization with Latent Structure and Data Augmentation14 Dec 2021
- 2021Discontinuous Grammar as a Foreign Language20 Oct 2021
- 2021Bottom-Up Constituency Parsing and Nested Named Entity Recognition with Pointer Networks11 Oct 2021
- 2021Span Labeling Approach for Vietnamese and Chinese Word Segmentation1 Oct 2021
- 2021Investigating Non-local Features for Neural Constituency Parsing27 Sep 2021
- 2021Something Old, Something New: Grammar-based CCG Parsing with Transformer Models21 Sep 2021
- 2021Searching for More Efficient Dynamic Programs14 Sep 2021
- 2021Improved Latent Tree Induction with Distant Supervision via Span Constraints10 Sep 2021
- 2021Semantic Parsing in Task-Oriented Dialog with Recursive Insertion-based Encoder9 Sep 2021
- 2021Combining (second-order) graph-based and headed-span-based projective dependency parsing12 Aug 2021
- 2021Headed-Span-Based Projective Dependency Parsing10 Aug 2021
- 2021A Conditional Splitting Framework for Efficient Constituency Parsing30 Jun 2021
- 2021Neural Combinatory Constituency Parsing12 Jun 2021
- 2021SpanNER: Named Entity Re-/Recognition as Span Prediction1 Jun 2021
- 2021Prosodic segmentation for parsing spoken dialogue26 May 2021
50 newest of 59 All 59 (JSON)
- 2021SpanNER: Named Entity Re-/Recognition as Span Predictioncited by 55
- 2021Improving Compositional Generalization with Latent Structure and Data Augmentationcited by 46
- 2022Characterizing Intrinsic Compositionality in Transformers with Tree Projectionscited by 41
- 2022Structural generalization is hard for sequence-to-sequence modelscited by 24
- 2021Self-Supervised Test-Time Learning for Reading Comprehensioncited by 22
- 2021Bottom-Up Constituency Parsing and Nested Named Entity Recognition with Pointer Networkscited by 21
- 2021RST Parsing from Scratchcited by 14
- 2022Nested Named Entity Recognition as Latent Lexicalized Constituency Parsingcited by 14
- 2021Headed-Span-Based Projective Dependency Parsingcited by 11
- 2021Semantic Parsing in Task-Oriented Dialog with Recursive Insertion-based Encodercited by 8
- 2021A Conditional Splitting Framework for Efficient Constituency Parsingcited by 7
- 2022Hierarchical Phrase-based Sequence-to-Sequence Learningcited by 7
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026DPH Parser: A Bottom-Up Grammar-Driven Parser for Joint Constituency and Dependency Analysis5 Sep 2026
- 2026Holographic Neural PCFG for Unsupervised Parsing9 Jul 2026
- 2025Contrastive Learning on LLM Back Generation Treebank for Cross-domain Constituency Parsing27 May 2025
- 2025Scaling Graph-Based Dependency Parsing with Arc Vectorization and Attention-Based Refinement16 Jan 2025
- 2024An Attempt to Develop a Neural Parser based on Simplified Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar on Vietnamese26 Nov 2024
- 2024On Eliciting Syntax from Language Models via Hashing5 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Unsupervised Constituency Parsing via Maximizing Semantic Information3 Oct 2024
- 2024To be Continuous, or to be Discrete, Those are Bits of Questions12 Jun 2024
- 2024Cross-domain Chinese Sentence Pattern Parsing26 Feb 2024
- 2024Structured Tree Alignment for Evaluation of (Speech) Constituency Parsing21 Feb 2024
- 2023Geo-Encoder: A Chunk-Argument Bi-Encoder Framework for Chinese Geographic Re-Ranking4 Sep 2023
- 2023Cross-Lingual Constituency Parsing for Middle High German: A Delexicalized Approach9 Aug 2023
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)