mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Channel-wise Gated Res2Net: Towards Robust Detection of Synthetic Speech Attacks

arXiv 2107.08803 ↗First posted 19 Jul 2021eess.AS cs.AI cs.SDcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

Existing approaches for anti-spoofing in automatic speaker verification (ASV) still lack generalizability to unseen attacks. The Res2Net approach designs a residual-like connection between feature groups within one block, which increases the possible receptive fields and improves the system's detection generalizability. However, such a residual-like connection is performed by a direct addition between feature groups without channel-wise priority. We argue that the information across channels may not contribute to spoofing cues equally, and the less relevant channels are expected to be suppressed before adding onto the next feature group, so that the system can generalize better to unseen attacks. This argument motivates the current work that presents a novel, channel-wise gated Res2Net (CG-Res2Net), which modifies Res2Net to enable a channel-wise gating mechanism in the connection between feature groups. This gating mechanism dynamically selects channel-wise features based on the input, to suppress the less relevant channels and enhance the detection generalizability. Three gating mechanisms with different structures are proposed and integrated into Res2Net. Experimental results conducted on ASVspoof 2019 logical access (LA) demonstrate that the proposed CG-Res2Net significantly outperforms Res2Net on both the overall LA evaluation set and individual difficult unseen attacks, which also outperforms other state-of-the-art single systems, depicting the effectiveness of our method.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Jul 2021.

Builds on

23 of 34 references.

References · 23

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
  3. 2019ASVspoof 2019: Future Horizons in Spoofed and Fake Audio Detectioncited by 178
  4. 2020End-to-end anti-spoofing with RawNet2cited by 164
  5. 2020One-class Learning Towards Synthetic Voice Spoofing Detectioncited by 61
  6. 2021ASVspoof 2019: spoofing countermeasures for the detection of synthesized, converted and replayed speechcited by 58
  7. 2019STC Antispoofing Systems for the ASVspoof2019 Challengecited by 51
  8. 2020Replay and Synthetic Speech Detection with Res2net Architecturecited by 39
  9. 2019Deep Residual Neural Networks for Audio Spoofing Detectioncited by 33
  10. 2019ASSERT: Anti-Spoofing with Squeeze-Excitation and Residual neTworkscited by 23
  11. 2019Adversarial Attacks on GMM i-vector based Speaker Verification Systemscited by 23
  12. 2020Light Convolutional Neural Network with Feature Genuinization for Detection of Synthetic Speech Attackscited by 23
11 more
  1. 2020Defense against adversarial attacks on spoofing countermeasures of ASVcited by 20
  2. 2020The Attacker's Perspective on Automatic Speaker Verification: An Overviewcited by 19
  3. 2021Adversarial defense for automatic speaker verification by cascaded self-supervised learning modelscited by 16
  4. 2021Improving the Adversarial Robustness for Speaker Verification by Self-Supervised Learningcited by 16
  5. 2020Investigating Robustness of Adversarial Samples Detection for Automatic Speaker Verificationcited by 14
  6. 2019Voice Mimicry Attacks Assisted by Automatic Speaker Verificationcited by 5
  7. 2021Data Augmentation with Signal Companding for Detection of Logical Access Attackscited by 5
  8. 2019The DKU Replay Detection System for the ASVspoof 2019 Challenge: On Data Augmentation, Feature Representation, Classification, and Fusioncited by 4
  9. 2018Can We Use Speaker Recognition Technology to Attack Itself? Enhancing Mimicry Attacks Using Automatic Target Speaker Selectioncited by 3
  10. 2015STC Anti-spoofing Systems for the ASVspoof 2015 Challengecited by 2
  11. 2018A Study On Convolutional Neural Network Based End-To-End Replay Anti-Spoofingcited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 3.

18 papers.

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  1. 2021AASIST: Audio Anti-Spoofing using Integrated Spectro-Temporal Graph Attention Networkscited by 180
  2. 2024Temporal-Channel Modeling in Multi-head Self-Attention for Synthetic Speech Detectioncited by 25
  3. 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofingcited by 19
  4. 2022Partially Fake Audio Detection by Self-attention-based Fake Span Discoverycited by 14
  5. 2023Learning From Yourself: A Self-Distillation Method for Fake Speech Detectioncited by 13
  6. 2024Towards Quantifying and Reducing Language Mismatch Effects in Cross-Lingual Speech Anti-Spoofingcited by 7
  7. 2025WaveSP-Net: Learnable Wavelet-Domain Sparse Prompt Tuning for Speech Deepfake Detectioncited by 5
  8. 2023Robust Audio Anti-Spoofing with Fusion-Reconstruction Learning on Multi-Order Spectrogramscited by 4
  9. 2024Analyzing the Impact of Splicing Artifacts in Partially Fake Speech Signalscited by 4
  10. 2022Phase-Aware Spoof Speech Detection Based on Res2Net with Phase Networkcited by 3
  11. 2022Audio Anti-spoofing Using a Simple Attention Module and Joint Optimization Based on Additive Angular Margin Loss and Meta-learningcited by 3
  12. 2024Targeted Augmented Data for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
6 more
  1. 2022ConvNeXt Based Neural Network for Audio Anti-Spoofingcited by 1
  2. 2022Synthetic Voice Detection and Audio Splicing Detection using SE-Res2Net-Conformer Architecturecited by 1
  3. 2023Betray Oneself: A Novel Audio DeepFake Detection Model via Mono-to-Stereo Conversioncited by 1
  4. 2023Multi-perspective Information Fusion Res2Net with RandomSpecmix for Fake Speech Detectioncited by 1
  5. 2024Toward Improving Synthetic Audio Spoofing Detection Robustness via Meta-Learning and Disentangled Training With Adversarial Examplescited by 1
  6. 2025Unraveling Hidden Representations: A Multi-Modal Layer Analysis for Better Synthetic Content Forensicscited by 1