Robust Representation Learning via Perceptual Similarity Metrics
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Abstract (arXiv)
A fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence is learning useful representations of data that yield good performance on a downstream task, without overfitting to spurious input features. Extracting such task-relevant predictive information is particularly difficult for real-world datasets. In this work, we propose Contrastive Input Morphing (CIM), a representation learning framework that learns input-space transformations of the data to mitigate the effect of irrelevant input features on downstream performance. Our method leverages a perceptual similarity metric via a triplet loss to ensure that the transformation preserves task-relevant information.Empirically, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on tasks which typically suffer from the presence of spurious correlations: classification with nuisance information, out-of-distribution generalization, and preservation of subgroup accuracies. We additionally show that CIM is complementary to other mutual information-based representation learning techniques, and demonstrate that it improves the performance of variational information bottleneck (VIB) when used together.
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 75 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2021.
Builds on
44 of 75 references.
References · 44
- 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 12,049
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,777
- 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,712
- 2014Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wildcited by 3,693
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,849
- 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,829
- 2020Shortcut Learning in Deep Neural Networkscited by 1,969
- 2019Invariant Risk Minimizationcited by 1,854
- 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,845
- 2016Understanding deep learning requires rethinking generalizationcited by 1,674
- 2019Contrastive Multiview Codingcited by 1,301
32 more
- 2018Learning deep representations by mutual information estimation and maximizationcited by 1,273
- 2019Distributionally Robust Neural Networks for Group Shifts: On the Importance of Regularization for Worst-Case Generalizationcited by 1,247
- 2020In Search of Lost Domain Generalizationcited by 1,054
- 2017Deeper, Broader and Artier Domain Generalizationcited by 986
- 2019Adversarial Examples Are Not Bugs, They Are Featurescited by 953
- 2016Deep Variational Information Bottleneckcited by 930
- 2016InfoGAN: Interpretable Representation Learning by Information Maximizing Generative Adversarial Netscited by 860
- 2020What Makes for Good Views for Contrastive Learning?cited by 846
- 2018Recognition in Terra Incognitacited by 658
- 2019A Theoretical Analysis of Contrastive Unsupervised Representation Learningcited by 530
- 2015A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Stylecited by 483
- 2019Domain Generalization by Solving Jigsaw Puzzlescited by 450
- 2014Deep metric learning using Triplet networkcited by 422
- 2018Fairness Without Demographics in Repeated Loss Minimizationcited by 364
- 2020Noise or Signal: The Role of Image Backgrounds in Object Recognitioncited by 343
- 2017Unified Deep Supervised Domain Adaptation and Generalizationcited by 323
- 2020An Investigation of Why Overparameterization Exacerbates Spurious Correlationscited by 310
- 2018Learning Not to Learn: Training Deep Neural Networks with Biased Datacited by 255
- 2017Demystifying Neural Style Transfercited by 152
- 2019Learning Robust Representations by Projecting Superficial Statistics Outcited by 123
- 2020Model Patching: Closing the Subgroup Performance Gap with Data Augmentationcited by 83
- 2020Self-training Avoids Using Spurious Features Under Domain Shiftcited by 69
- 2018Domain Generalization with Domain-Specific Aggregation Modulescited by 61
- 2020On Mutual Information in Contrastive Learning for Visual Representationscited by 54
- 2015Learning to Generate Images with Perceptual Similarity Metricscited by 39
- 2019Detecting Out-of-Distribution Examples with In-distribution Examples and Gram Matricescited by 32
- 2019InfoMask: Masked Variational Latent Representation to Localize Chest Diseasecited by 15
- 2020Y-net: Multi-scale feature aggregation network with wavelet structure similarity loss function for single image dehazingcited by 14
- 2019Towards Shape Biased Unsupervised Representation Learning for Domain Generalizationcited by 10
- 2019The Level Weighted Structural Similarity Loss: A Step Away from the MSEcited by 6
- 2019Extracting robust and accurate features via a robust information bottleneckcited by 6
- 2018SSIMLayer: Towards Robust Deep Representation Learning via Nonlinear Structural Similaritycited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
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- 2022Correct-N-Contrast: A Contrastive Approach for Improving Robustness to Spurious Correlationscited by 172
- 2023Simple and Fast Group Robustness by Automatic Feature Reweightingcited by 68
- 2022MaskTune: Mitigating Spurious Correlations by Forcing to Explorecited by 66
- 2022Contrastive Adapters for Foundation Model Group Robustnesscited by 62
- 2023Identifying Spurious Biases Early in Training through the Lens of Simplicity Biascited by 44
- 2023Robust Learning with Progressive Data Expansion Against Spurious Correlationcited by 39
- 2024Calibrating Multi-modal Representations: A Pursuit of Group Robustness without Annotationscited by 30
- 2023A Survey on the Robustness of Computer Vision Models against Common Corruptionscited by 21
- 2024Unsupervised Concept Discovery Mitigates Spurious Correlationscited by 11
- 2025Are We Done with Object-Centric Learning?cited by 11
- 2024Controllable Prompt Tuning For Balancing Group Distributional Robustnesscited by 10
- 2025Project-Probe-Aggregate: Efficient Fine-Tuning for Group Robustnesscited by 9
11 more
- 2024Efficient Bias Mitigation Without Privileged Informationcited by 8
- 2022CLAD: A Contrastive Learning based Approach for Background Debiasingcited by 6
- 2023Bias Amplification Enhances Minority Group Performancecited by 6
- 2023Improving Self-supervised Molecular Representation Learning using Persistent Homologycited by 6
- 2024SLIM: Spuriousness Mitigation with Minimal Human Annotationscited by 5
- 2021ExCon: Explanation-driven Supervised Contrastive Learning for Image Classificationcited by 2
- 2024A Probabilistic Approach for Model Alignment with Human Comparisonscited by 1
- 2026Safe Fairness Guarantees Without Demographics in Classification: Spectral Uncertainty Set Perspectivecited by 1
- 2024Refining Skewed Perceptions in Vision-Language Contrastive Models through Visual Representationscited by 0
- 2025A Critical Review of Predominant Bias in Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026Sensor-Conditioned Representation Learning via Scene-Relevant Observation Quotientscited by 0
- 2026Sensor-Conditioned Representation Learning via Scene-Relevant Observation Quotients15 Jun 2026
- 2026Safe Fairness Guarantees Without Demographics in Classification: Spectral Uncertainty Set Perspective12 Feb 2026
- 2025Are We Done with Object-Centric Learning?9 Apr 2025
- 2025Project-Probe-Aggregate: Efficient Fine-Tuning for Group Robustness12 Mar 2025
- 2025A Critical Review of Predominant Bias in Neural Networks16 Feb 2025
- 2024Efficient Bias Mitigation Without Privileged Information26 Sep 2024
- 2024SLIM: Spuriousness Mitigation with Minimal Human Annotations8 Jul 2024
- 2024Refining Skewed Perceptions in Vision-Language Contrastive Models through Visual Representations22 May 2024
- 2024A Probabilistic Approach for Model Alignment with Human Comparisons16 Mar 2024
- 2024Calibrating Multi-modal Representations: A Pursuit of Group Robustness without Annotations12 Mar 2024
- 2024Controllable Prompt Tuning For Balancing Group Distributional Robustness5 Mar 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Concept Discovery Mitigates Spurious Correlations20 Feb 2024
11 more
- 2023Improving Self-supervised Molecular Representation Learning using Persistent Homology29 Nov 2023
- 2023Bias Amplification Enhances Minority Group Performance13 Sep 2023
- 2023Simple and Fast Group Robustness by Automatic Feature Reweighting19 Jun 2023
- 2023Robust Learning with Progressive Data Expansion Against Spurious Correlation8 Jun 2023
- 2023Identifying Spurious Biases Early in Training through the Lens of Simplicity Bias30 May 2023
- 2023A Survey on the Robustness of Computer Vision Models against Common Corruptions10 May 2023
- 2022CLAD: A Contrastive Learning based Approach for Background Debiasing6 Oct 2022
- 2022MaskTune: Mitigating Spurious Correlations by Forcing to Explore30 Sep 2022
- 2022Contrastive Adapters for Foundation Model Group Robustness14 Jul 2022
- 2022Correct-N-Contrast: A Contrastive Approach for Improving Robustness to Spurious Correlations3 Mar 2022
- 2021ExCon: Explanation-driven Supervised Contrastive Learning for Image Classification28 Nov 2021
- 2022Correct-N-Contrast: A Contrastive Approach for Improving Robustness to Spurious Correlationscited by 172
- 2023Simple and Fast Group Robustness by Automatic Feature Reweightingcited by 68
- 2022MaskTune: Mitigating Spurious Correlations by Forcing to Explorecited by 66
- 2022Contrastive Adapters for Foundation Model Group Robustnesscited by 62
- 2023Identifying Spurious Biases Early in Training through the Lens of Simplicity Biascited by 44
- 2023Robust Learning with Progressive Data Expansion Against Spurious Correlationcited by 39
- 2023A Survey on the Robustness of Computer Vision Models against Common Corruptionscited by 21
- 2024Unsupervised Concept Discovery Mitigates Spurious Correlationscited by 11
- 2025Are We Done with Object-Centric Learning?cited by 11
- 2024Controllable Prompt Tuning For Balancing Group Distributional Robustnesscited by 10
- 2025Project-Probe-Aggregate: Efficient Fine-Tuning for Group Robustnesscited by 9
- 2024Efficient Bias Mitigation Without Privileged Informationcited by 8
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Sensor-Conditioned Representation Learning via Scene-Relevant Observation Quotients15 Jun 2026
- 2026Safe Fairness Guarantees Without Demographics in Classification: Spectral Uncertainty Set Perspective12 Feb 2026
- 2025Are We Done with Object-Centric Learning?9 Apr 2025
- 2025Project-Probe-Aggregate: Efficient Fine-Tuning for Group Robustness12 Mar 2025
- 2025A Critical Review of Predominant Bias in Neural Networks16 Feb 2025
- 2024Efficient Bias Mitigation Without Privileged Information26 Sep 2024
- 2024SLIM: Spuriousness Mitigation with Minimal Human Annotations8 Jul 2024
- 2024Refining Skewed Perceptions in Vision-Language Contrastive Models through Visual Representations22 May 2024
- 2024Controllable Prompt Tuning For Balancing Group Distributional Robustness5 Mar 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Concept Discovery Mitigates Spurious Correlations20 Feb 2024
- 2023Improving Self-supervised Molecular Representation Learning using Persistent Homology29 Nov 2023
- 2023Bias Amplification Enhances Minority Group Performance13 Sep 2023
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)