mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

Multi-modal Sarcasm Detection and Humor Classification in Code-mixed Conversations

arXiv 2105.09984 ↗First posted 20 May 2021cs.CLcited by 33

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Abstract (arXiv)

Sarcasm detection and humor classification are inherently subtle problems, primarily due to their dependence on the contextual and non-verbal information. Furthermore, existing studies in these two topics are usually constrained in non-English languages such as Hindi, due to the unavailability of qualitative annotated datasets. In this work, we make two major contributions considering the above limitations: (1) we develop a Hindi-English code-mixed dataset, MaSaC, for the multi-modal sarcasm detection and humor classification in conversational dialog, which to our knowledge is the first dataset of its kind; (2) we propose MSH-COMICS, a novel attention-rich neural architecture for the utterance classification. We learn efficient utterance representation utilizing a hierarchical attention mechanism that attends to a small portion of the input sentence at a time. Further, we incorporate dialog-level contextual attention mechanism to leverage the dialog history for the multi-modal classification. We perform extensive experiments for both the tasks by varying multi-modal inputs and various submodules of MSH-COMICS. We also conduct comparative analysis against existing approaches. We observe that MSH-COMICS attains superior performance over the existing models by > 1 F1-score point for the sarcasm detection and 10 F1-score points in humor classification. We diagnose our model and perform thorough analysis of the results to understand the superiority and pitfalls.

Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2021.

Builds on

19 of 63 references.

References · 19

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  10. 2019Towards Multimodal Sarcasm Detection (An _Obviously_ Perfect Paper)cited by 173
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  12. 2019UR-FUNNY: A Multimodal Language Dataset for Understanding Humorcited by 132
7 more
  1. 2019Multi-task Learning for Multi-modal Emotion Recognition and Sentiment Analysiscited by 39
  2. 2018CASCADE: Contextual Sarcasm Detection in Online Discussion Forumscited by 26
  3. 2019End-to-End Environmental Sound Classification using a 1D Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 20
  4. 2017The Role of Conversation Context for Sarcasm Detection in Online Interactionscited by 16
  5. 2018A Corpus of English-Hindi Code-Mixed Tweets for Sarcasm Detectioncited by 15
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  7. 2018Humor Detection in English-Hindi Code-Mixed Social Media Content : Corpus and Baseline Systemcited by 11

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 6; 2023: 4; 2024: 9; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.

33 papers.

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  1. 2022Learning in Audio-visual Context: A Review, Analysis, and New Perspectivecited by 44
  2. 2022When did you become so smart, oh wise one?! Sarcasm Explanation in Multi-modal Multi-party Dialoguescited by 32
  3. 2021Speaker and Time-aware Joint Contextual Learning for Dialogue-act Classification in Counselling Conversationscited by 31
  4. 2022A Multimodal Corpus for Emotion Recognition in Sarcasmcited by 29
  5. 2021Nice perfume. How long did you marinate in it? Multimodal Sarcasm Explanationcited by 25
  6. 2023CAD -- Contextual Multi-modal Alignment for Dynamic AVQAcited by 10
  7. 2022Explaining (Sarcastic) Utterances to Enhance Affect Understanding in Multimodal Dialoguescited by 6
  8. 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classificationcited by 6
  9. 2024SemEval 2024 -- Task 10: Emotion Discovery and Reasoning its Flip in Conversation (EDiReF)cited by 5
  10. 2022Towards Multimodal Prediction of Spontaneous Humour: A Novel Dataset and First Resultscited by 4
  11. 2023NPVForensics: Jointing Non-critical Phonemes and Visemes for Deepfake Detectioncited by 4
  12. 2024Code-mixed Sentiment and Hate-speech Predictioncited by 4
21 more
  1. 2025FanChuan: A Multilingual and Graph-Structured Benchmark For Parody Detection and Analysiscited by 4
  2. 2025Spoken in Jest, Detected in Earnest: A Systematic Review of Sarcasm Recognition -- Multimodal Fusion, Challenges, and Future Prospectscited by 4
  3. 2025Target-Augmented Shared Fusion-based Multimodal Sarcasm Explanation Generationcited by 3
  4. 2022A Comprehensive Understanding of Code-mixed Language Semantics using Hierarchical Transformercited by 2
  5. 2023From Multilingual Complexity to Emotional Clarity: Leveraging Commonsense to Unveil Emotions in Code-Mixed Dialoguescited by 2
  6. 2024Modelling Visual Semantics via Image Captioning to extract Enhanced Multi-Level Cross-Modal Semantic Incongruity Representation with Attention for Multimodal Sarcasm Detectioncited by 2
  7. 2024Revealing the impact of synthetic native samples and multi-tasking strategies in Hindi-English code-mixed humour and sarcasm detectioncited by 2
  8. 2023Dialogue Agents 101: A Beginner's Guide to Critical Ingredients for Designing Effective Conversational Systemscited by 1
  9. 2024Harmonizing Code-mixed Conversations: Personality-assisted Code-mixed Response Generation in Dialoguescited by 1
  10. 2025A Transformer and Prototype-based Interpretable Model for Contextual Sarcasm Detectioncited by 1
  11. 2025MuSaG: A Multimodal German Sarcasm Dataset with Full-Modal Annotationscited by 1
  12. 2026SayNext-Bench: Why Do LLMs Struggle with Next-Utterance Anticipation?cited by 1
  13. 2024IITK at SemEval-2024 Task 10: Who is the speaker? Improving Emotion Recognition and Flip Reasoning in Conversations via Speaker Embeddingscited by 0
  14. 2024This Paper Had the Smartest Reviewers -- Flattery Detection Utilising an Audio-Textual Transformer-Based Approachcited by 0
  15. 2024MasonTigers at SemEval-2024 Task 10: Emotion Discovery and Flip Reasoning in Conversation with Ensemble of Transformers and Promptingcited by 0
  16. 2025AIMA at SemEval-2024 Task 10: History-Based Emotion Recognition in Hindi-English Code-Mixed Conversationscited by 0
  17. 2025SaRoHead: Detecting Satire in a Multi-Domain Romanian News Headline Datasetcited by 0
  18. 2025DEBATE: A Dataset for Disentangling Textual Ambiguity in Mandarin Through Speechcited by 0
  19. 2025From Human Annotation to Automation: LLM-in-the-Loop Active Learning for Arabic Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
  20. 2026RA-SSU: Towards Fine-Grained Audio-Visual Learning with Region-Aware Sound Source Understandingcited by 0
  21. 2026A Cross-lingual Comparison of Human and Classification Model Entrainment Behavior in Code-switched Speech Settingscited by 0