mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Re-TACRED: Addressing Shortcomings of the TACRED Dataset

arXiv 2104.08398 ↗First posted 16 Apr 2021cs.CLcited by 73

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Abstract (arXiv)

TACRED is one of the largest and most widely used sentence-level relation extraction datasets. Proposed models that are evaluated using this dataset consistently set new state-of-the-art performance. However, they still exhibit large error rates despite leveraging external knowledge and unsupervised pretraining on large text corpora. A recent study suggested that this may be due to poor dataset quality. The study observed that over 50% of the most challenging sentences from the development and test sets are incorrectly labeled and account for an average drop of 8% f1-score in model performance. However, this study was limited to a small biased sample of 5k (out of a total of 106k) sentences, substantially restricting the generalizability and broader implications of its findings. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by: (i) performing a comprehensive study over the whole TACRED dataset, (ii) proposing an improved crowdsourcing strategy and deploying it to re-annotate the whole dataset, and (iii) performing a thorough analysis to understand how correcting the TACRED annotations affects previously published results. After verification, we observed that 23.9% of TACRED labels are incorrect. Moreover, evaluating several models on our revised dataset yields an average f1-score improvement of 14.3% and helps uncover significant relationships between the different models (rather than simply offsetting or scaling their scores by a constant factor). Finally, aside from our analysis we also release Re-TACRED, a new completely re-annotated version of the TACRED dataset that can be used to perform reliable evaluation of relation extraction models.

Key facts. Cited by 73 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2021.

Builds on

11 of 19 references.

References · 11

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2016Bag of Tricks for Efficient Text Classificationcited by 869
  3. 2019SpanBERT: Improving Pre-training by Representing and Predicting Spanscited by 832
  4. 2019ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entitiescited by 525
  5. 2019Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representationscited by 294
  6. 2019Matching the Blanks: Distributional Similarity for Relation Learningcited by 271
  7. 2018Graph Convolution over Pruned Dependency Trees Improves Relation Extractioncited by 146
  8. 2020TACRED Revisited: A Thorough Evaluation of the TACRED Relation Extraction Taskcited by 96
  9. 2019Attention Guided Graph Convolutional Networks for Relation Extractioncited by 82
  10. 2019Improving Relation Extraction by Pre-trained Language Representationscited by 24
  11. 2020Efficient long-distance relation extraction with DG-SpanBERTcited by 5

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 14; 2023: 30; 2024: 11; 2025: 14; 2026: 2.

73 papers.

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  1. 2021PTR: Prompt Tuning with Rules for Text Classificationcited by 238
  2. 2023Large Language Models for Generative Information Extraction: A Surveycited by 183
  3. 2023LLMs for Knowledge Graph Construction and Reasoning: Recent Capabilities and Future Opportunitiescited by 97
  4. 2023LLMaAA: Making Large Language Models as Active Annotatorscited by 78
  5. 2023Context-faithful Prompting for Large Language Modelscited by 76
  6. 2021Label Verbalization and Entailment for Effective Zero- and Few-Shot Relation Extractioncited by 73
  7. 2022Revisiting DocRED -- Addressing the False Negative Problem in Relation Extractioncited by 57
  8. 2022Annotation Error Detection: Analyzing the Past and Present for a More Coherent Futurecited by 45
  9. 2023Aligning Instruction Tasks Unlocks Large Language Models as Zero-Shot Relation Extractorscited by 44
  10. 2023Analyzing Dataset Annotation Quality Management in the Wildcited by 39
  11. 2022Summarization as Indirect Supervision for Relation Extractioncited by 31
  12. 2022Should We Rely on Entity Mentions for Relation Extraction? Debiasing Relation Extraction with Counterfactual Analysiscited by 30
38 more
  1. 2023How to Unleash the Power of Large Language Models for Few-shot Relation Extraction?cited by 30
  2. 2024Serial Position Effects of Large Language Modelscited by 30
  3. 2023Revisiting Large Language Models as Zero-shot Relation Extractorscited by 29
  4. 2023Primacy Effect of ChatGPTcited by 27
  5. 2023A Causal View of Entity Bias in (Large) Language Modelscited by 21
  6. 2022Does Recommend-Revise Produce Reliable Annotations? An Analysis on Missing Instances in DocREDcited by 19
  7. 2022Relation Extraction as Open-book Examination: Retrieval-enhanced Prompt Tuningcited by 13
  8. 2022Generative Prompt Tuning for Relation Classificationcited by 13
  9. 2022Towards Relation Extraction From Speechcited by 10
  10. 2022A Distant Supervision Corpus for Extracting Biomedical Relationships Between Chemicals, Diseases and Genescited by 9
  11. 2024Grasping the Essentials: Tailoring Large Language Models for Zero-Shot Relation Extractioncited by 9
  12. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation-based Relation Extractioncited by 9
  13. 2025Large Language Models Meet Legal Artificial Intelligence: A Surveycited by 9
  14. 2023WebIE: Faithful and Robust Information Extraction on the Webcited by 8
  15. 2023HistRED: A Historical Document-Level Relation Extraction Datasetcited by 7
  16. 2023InfoCL: Alleviating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Text Classification from An Information Theoretic Perspectivecited by 7
  17. 2023Think Rationally about What You See: Continuous Rationale Extraction for Relation Extractioncited by 6
  18. 2023REDrm FM: a Filtered and Multilingual Relation Extraction Datasetcited by 6
  19. 2024Relation Extraction with Fine-Tuned Large Language Models in Retrieval Augmented Generation Frameworkscited by 6
  20. 2022Towards Realistic Low-resource Relation Extraction: A Benchmark with Empirical Baseline Studycited by 5
  21. 2023MultiTACRED: A Multilingual Version of the TAC Relation Extraction Datasetcited by 5
  22. 2023How Fragile is Relation Extraction under Entity Replacements?cited by 5
  23. 2023Beyond Isolation: Multi-Agent Synergy for Improving Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 5
  24. 2025Category Discovery: An Open-World Perspectivecited by 5
  25. 2023Chain-of-Thought Tuning: Masked Language Models can also Think Step By Step in Natural Language Understandingcited by 4
  26. 2022REKnow: Enhanced Knowledge for Joint Entity and Relation Extractioncited by 3
  27. 2025Bridging Generative and Discriminative Learning: Few-Shot Relation Extraction via Two-Stage Knowledge-Guided Pre-trainingcited by 3
  28. 2022CCPrefix: Counterfactual Contrastive Prefix-Tuning for Many-Class Classificationcited by 2
  29. 2023Class-Adaptive Self-Training for Relation Extraction with Incompletely Annotated Training Datacited by 2
  30. 2025Hyperbolic Large Language Modelscited by 2
  31. 2026CLEF HIPE-2026: Evaluating Accurate and Efficient Person-Place Relation Extraction from Multilingual Historical Textscited by 2
  32. 2022EPPAC: Entity Pre-typing Relation Classification with Prompt AnswerCentralizingcited by 1
  33. 2023LabelPrompt: Effective Prompt-based Learning for Relation Classificationcited by 1
  34. 2023Sentence-Level Relation Extraction via Contrastive Learning with Descriptive Relation Promptscited by 1
  35. 2023Open-world Semi-supervised Generalized Relation Discovery Aligned in a Real-world Settingcited by 1
  36. 2023Semi-supervised Relation Extraction via Data Augmentation and Consistency-trainingcited by 1
  37. 2023Evaluating the Robustness to Instructions of Large Language Modelscited by 1
  38. 2024MLPs Compass: What is learned when MLPs are combined with PLMs?cited by 1

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