Re-TACRED: Addressing Shortcomings of the TACRED Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
TACRED is one of the largest and most widely used sentence-level relation extraction datasets. Proposed models that are evaluated using this dataset consistently set new state-of-the-art performance. However, they still exhibit large error rates despite leveraging external knowledge and unsupervised pretraining on large text corpora. A recent study suggested that this may be due to poor dataset quality. The study observed that over 50% of the most challenging sentences from the development and test sets are incorrectly labeled and account for an average drop of 8% f1-score in model performance. However, this study was limited to a small biased sample of 5k (out of a total of 106k) sentences, substantially restricting the generalizability and broader implications of its findings. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by: (i) performing a comprehensive study over the whole TACRED dataset, (ii) proposing an improved crowdsourcing strategy and deploying it to re-annotate the whole dataset, and (iii) performing a thorough analysis to understand how correcting the TACRED annotations affects previously published results. After verification, we observed that 23.9% of TACRED labels are incorrect. Moreover, evaluating several models on our revised dataset yields an average f1-score improvement of 14.3% and helps uncover significant relationships between the different models (rather than simply offsetting or scaling their scores by a constant factor). Finally, aside from our analysis we also release Re-TACRED, a new completely re-annotated version of the TACRED dataset that can be used to perform reliable evaluation of relation extraction models.
Key facts. Cited by 73 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2021.
Builds on
11 of 19 references.
References · 11
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2016Bag of Tricks for Efficient Text Classificationcited by 869
- 2019SpanBERT: Improving Pre-training by Representing and Predicting Spanscited by 832
- 2019ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entitiescited by 525
- 2019Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representationscited by 294
- 2019Matching the Blanks: Distributional Similarity for Relation Learningcited by 271
- 2018Graph Convolution over Pruned Dependency Trees Improves Relation Extractioncited by 146
- 2020TACRED Revisited: A Thorough Evaluation of the TACRED Relation Extraction Taskcited by 96
- 2019Attention Guided Graph Convolutional Networks for Relation Extractioncited by 82
- 2019Improving Relation Extraction by Pre-trained Language Representationscited by 24
- 2020Efficient long-distance relation extraction with DG-SpanBERTcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 14; 2023: 30; 2024: 11; 2025: 14; 2026: 2.
73 papers.
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- 2021PTR: Prompt Tuning with Rules for Text Classificationcited by 238
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- 2021Label Verbalization and Entailment for Effective Zero- and Few-Shot Relation Extractioncited by 73
- 2022Revisiting DocRED -- Addressing the False Negative Problem in Relation Extractioncited by 57
- 2022Annotation Error Detection: Analyzing the Past and Present for a More Coherent Futurecited by 45
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- 2023Analyzing Dataset Annotation Quality Management in the Wildcited by 39
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38 more
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50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)
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- 2025A systematic review of relation extraction task since the emergence of Transformers5 Nov 2025
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- 2025EMERGE: A Benchmark for Updating Knowledge Graphs with Emerging Textual Knowledge4 Jul 2025
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38 more
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- 2024Entangled Relations: Leveraging NLI and Meta-analysis to Enhance Biomedical Relation Extraction31 May 2024
- 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation-based Relation Extraction20 Apr 2024
- 2024READ: Improving Relation Extraction from an ADversarial Perspective2 Apr 2024
- 2024Infusing Knowledge into Large Language Models with Contextual Prompts3 Mar 2024
- 2024Grasping the Essentials: Tailoring Large Language Models for Zero-Shot Relation Extraction17 Feb 2024
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- 2024MLPs Compass: What is learned when MLPs are combined with PLMs?3 Jan 2024
- 2023Large Language Models for Generative Information Extraction: A Survey29 Dec 2023
- 2023Entity or Relation Embeddings? An Analysis of Encoding Strategies for Relation Extraction18 Dec 2023
- 2023Beyond Isolation: Multi-Agent Synergy for Improving Knowledge Graph Construction5 Dec 2023
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- 2023LLMaAA: Making Large Language Models as Active Annotators30 Oct 2023
- 2023A Few-Shot Learning Focused Survey on Recent Named Entity Recognition and Relation Classification Methods29 Oct 2023
- 2023Primacy Effect of ChatGPT20 Oct 2023
- 2023Chain-of-Thought Tuning: Masked Language Models can also Think Step By Step in Natural Language Understanding18 Oct 2023
- 2023Rethinking Relation Classification with Graph Meaning Representations15 Oct 2023
- 2023InfoCL: Alleviating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Text Classification from An Information Theoretic Perspective10 Oct 2023
- 2023Revisiting Large Language Models as Zero-shot Relation Extractors8 Oct 2023
- 2023Evaluating the Robustness to Instructions of Large Language Models28 Aug 2023
- 2023Advancing Relation Extraction through Language Probing with Exemplars from Set Co-Expansion18 Aug 2023
- 2023Analyzing Dataset Annotation Quality Management in the Wild16 Jul 2023
- 2023HistRED: A Historical Document-Level Relation Extraction Dataset10 Jul 2023
- 2023Semi-supervised Relation Extraction via Data Augmentation and Consistency-training16 Jun 2023
- 2023REDrm FM: a Filtered and Multilingual Relation Extraction Dataset16 Jun 2023
- 2023Class-Adaptive Self-Training for Relation Extraction with Incompletely Annotated Training Data16 Jun 2023
- 2023A Causal View of Entity Bias in (Large) Language Models24 May 2023
- 2023WebIE: Faithful and Robust Information Extraction on the Web23 May 2023
- 2023How Fragile is Relation Extraction under Entity Replacements?22 May 2023
- 2023Open-world Semi-supervised Generalized Relation Discovery Aligned in a Real-world Setting22 May 2023
- 2023LLMs for Knowledge Graph Construction and Reasoning: Recent Capabilities and Future Opportunities22 May 2023
50 newest of 73 All 73 (JSON)
- 2021PTR: Prompt Tuning with Rules for Text Classificationcited by 238
- 2023Large Language Models for Generative Information Extraction: A Surveycited by 183
- 2023LLMaAA: Making Large Language Models as Active Annotatorscited by 78
- 2023Context-faithful Prompting for Large Language Modelscited by 76
- 2021Label Verbalization and Entailment for Effective Zero- and Few-Shot Relation Extractioncited by 73
- 2022Revisiting DocRED -- Addressing the False Negative Problem in Relation Extractioncited by 57
- 2022Annotation Error Detection: Analyzing the Past and Present for a More Coherent Futurecited by 45
- 2023Aligning Instruction Tasks Unlocks Large Language Models as Zero-Shot Relation Extractorscited by 44
- 2023Analyzing Dataset Annotation Quality Management in the Wildcited by 39
- 2022Summarization as Indirect Supervision for Relation Extractioncited by 31
- 2022Should We Rely on Entity Mentions for Relation Extraction? Debiasing Relation Extraction with Counterfactual Analysiscited by 30
- 2023How to Unleash the Power of Large Language Models for Few-shot Relation Extraction?cited by 30
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- 2026English Word Sense Disambiguation in 2026: When the Labels Become the Bottleneck19 Jul 2026
- 2026CLEF HIPE-2026: Evaluating Accurate and Efficient Person-Place Relation Extraction from Multilingual Historical Texts19 Feb 2026
- 2025A systematic review of relation extraction task since the emergence of Transformers5 Nov 2025
- 2025Kastor: Fine-tuned Small Language Models for Shape-based Active Relation Extraction5 Nov 2025
- 2025Category Discovery: An Open-World Perspective26 Sep 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Meet Legal Artificial Intelligence: A Survey12 Sep 2025
- 2025M-BRe: Discovering Training Samples for Relation Extraction from Unlabeled Texts with Large Language Models9 Sep 2025
- 2025Hyperbolic Large Language Models6 Sep 2025
- 2025Re-Representation in Sentential Relation Extraction with Sequence Routing Algorithm28 Aug 2025
- 2025EMERGE: A Benchmark for Updating Knowledge Graphs with Emerging Textual Knowledge4 Jul 2025
- 2025Do We Really Need GNNs with Explicit Structural Modeling? MLPs Suffice for Language Model Representations26 Jun 2025
- 2025Generating Diverse Training Samples for Relation Extraction with Large Language Models29 May 2025
12 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)