A Benchmark and Comprehensive Survey on Knowledge Graph Entity Alignment via Representation Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
In the last few years, the interest in knowledge bases has grown exponentially in both the research community and the industry due to their essential role in AI applications. Entity alignment is an important task for enriching knowledge bases. This paper provides a comprehensive tutorial-type survey on representative entity alignment techniques that use the new approach of representation learning. We present a framework for capturing the key characteristics of these techniques, propose two datasets to address the limitation of existing benchmark datasets, and conduct extensive experiments using the proposed datasets. The framework gives a clear picture of how the techniques work. The experiments yield important results about the empirical performance of the techniques and how various factors affect the performance. One important observation not stressed by previous work is that techniques making good use of attribute triples and relation predicates as features stand out as winners.
Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 91 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Mar 2021.
Builds on
37 of 91 references.
References · 37
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25 more
- 2019Relation-Aware Entity Alignment for Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphscited by 106
- 2019Knowledge Graph Alignment Network with Gated Multi-hop Neighborhood Aggregationcited by 101
- 2019Multi-Channel Graph Neural Network for Entity Alignmentcited by 86
- 2019Learning to Exploit Long-term Relational Dependencies in Knowledge Graphscited by 83
- 2019Multi-view Knowledge Graph Embedding for Entity Alignmentcited by 74
- 2019End-to-End Knowledge-Routed Relational Dialogue System for Automatic Diagnosiscited by 70
- 2019Cross-lingual Knowledge Graph Alignment via Graph Matching Neural Networkcited by 68
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- 2018Co-training Embeddings of Knowledge Graphs and Entity Descriptions for Cross-lingual Entity Alignmentcited by 49
- 2019Aligning Cross-Lingual Entities with Multi-Aspect Informationcited by 46
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- 2020Neighborhood Matching Network for Entity Alignmentcited by 44
- 2020TransEdge: Translating Relation-contextualized Embeddings for Knowledge Graphscited by 41
- 2019Jointly Learning Entity and Relation Representations for Entity Alignmentcited by 39
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- 2020GraphDialog: Integrating Graph Knowledge into End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 29
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 14; 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
31 papers.
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- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
- 2022MEAformer: Multi-modal Entity Alignment Transformer for Meta Modality Hybridcited by 29
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Relation Extraction: Recent Advances and New Frontierscited by 21
- 2024Unlocking the Power of Large Language Models for Entity Alignmentcited by 15
- 2023Toward Practical Entity Alignment Method Design: Insights from New Highly Heterogeneous Knowledge Graph Datasetscited by 8
- 2023CSGCL: Community-Strength-Enhanced Graph Contrastive Learningcited by 7
- 2023AutoAlign: Fully Automatic and Effective Knowledge Graph Alignment enabled by Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2023Multi-domain Recommendation with Embedding Disentangling and Domain Alignmentcited by 7
- 2023Deep Active Alignment of Knowledge Graph Entities and Schematacited by 6
- 2022Knowledge Graph Embedding Methods for Entity Alignment: An Experimental Reviewcited by 5
- 2023Joint Pre-training and Local Re-training: Transferable Representation Learning on Multi-source Knowledge Graphscited by 5
- 2023Generating Explanations to Understand and Repair Embedding-based Entity Alignmentcited by 5
19 more
- 2023What Makes Entities Similar? A Similarity Flooding Perspective for Multi-sourced Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 4
- 2023A Critical Re-evaluation of Benchmark Datasets for (Deep) Learning-Based Matching Algorithmscited by 4
- 2023Survey on Foundation Models for Prognostics and Health Management in Industrial Cyber-Physical Systemscited by 3
- 2024IBMEA: Exploring Variational Information Bottleneck for Multi-modal Entity Alignmentcited by 3
- 2023i-Align: an interpretable knowledge graph alignment modelcited by 2
- 2024CombAlign: Enhancing Model Expressiveness in Unsupervised Graph Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025Aligning Instance-Semantic Sparse Representation towards Unsupervised Object Segmentation and Shape Abstraction with Repeatable Primitivescited by 2
- 2025FUSE: Measure-Theoretic Compact Fuzzy Set Representation for Taxonomy Expansioncited by 2
- 2026Breaking the Reasoning Horizon in Entity Alignment Foundation Modelscited by 1
- 2022TransAlign: Fully Automatic and Effective Entity Alignment for Knowledge Graphscited by 0
- 2023Towards Ontologically Grounded and Language-Agnostic Knowledge Graphscited by 0
- 2024Empowering Small-Scale Knowledge Graphs: A Strategy of Leveraging General-Purpose Knowledge Graphs for Enriched Embeddingscited by 0
- 2024Integration of Contextual Descriptors in Ontology Alignment for Enrichment of Semantic Correspondencecited by 0
- 2025Unsupervised Entity Alignment Based on Personalized Discriminative Rooted Treecited by 0
- 2025Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factor Disentanglement for Recommendation in Various Context Scenarioscited by 0
- 2025Full Triple Matcher: Integrating all triple elements between heterogeneous Knowledge Graphscited by 0
- 2026Harnessing Structural Context for Entity Alignment Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026Predicate Importance Estimation and Decoupled Rationale-Score Distillation for Entity Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Knowledge Graphs Meet Graph Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 0
- 2026Predicate Importance Estimation and Decoupled Rationale-Score Distillation for Entity Alignment22 Jun 2026
- 2026Harnessing Structural Context for Entity Alignment Foundation Models4 Jun 2026
- 2026Knowledge Graphs Meet Graph Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Survey12 May 2026
- 2026Breaking the Reasoning Horizon in Entity Alignment Foundation Models29 Jan 2026
- 2025Full Triple Matcher: Integrating all triple elements between heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs20 Jul 2025
- 2025FUSE: Measure-Theoretic Compact Fuzzy Set Representation for Taxonomy Expansion10 Jun 2025
- 2025Aligning Instance-Semantic Sparse Representation towards Unsupervised Object Segmentation and Shape Abstraction with Repeatable Primitives10 Mar 2025
- 2025Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factor Disentanglement for Recommendation in Various Context Scenarios5 Mar 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Entity Alignment Based on Personalized Discriminative Rooted Tree14 Feb 2025
- 2024Integration of Contextual Descriptors in Ontology Alignment for Enrichment of Semantic Correspondence28 Nov 2024
- 2024IBMEA: Exploring Variational Information Bottleneck for Multi-modal Entity Alignment27 Jul 2024
- 2024CombAlign: Enhancing Model Expressiveness in Unsupervised Graph Alignment19 Jun 2024
19 more
- 2024Empowering Small-Scale Knowledge Graphs: A Strategy of Leveraging General-Purpose Knowledge Graphs for Enriched Embeddings17 May 2024
- 2024Unlocking the Power of Large Language Models for Entity Alignment23 Feb 2024
- 2023Survey on Foundation Models for Prognostics and Health Management in Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems11 Dec 2023
- 2023Generating Explanations to Understand and Repair Embedding-based Entity Alignment8 Dec 2023
- 2023i-Align: an interpretable knowledge graph alignment model26 Aug 2023
- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challenges11 Aug 2023
- 2023Multi-domain Recommendation with Embedding Disentangling and Domain Alignment10 Aug 2023
- 2023Towards Ontologically Grounded and Language-Agnostic Knowledge Graphs20 Jul 2023
- 2023AutoAlign: Fully Automatic and Effective Knowledge Graph Alignment enabled by Large Language Models18 Jul 2023
- 2023A Critical Re-evaluation of Benchmark Datasets for (Deep) Learning-Based Matching Algorithms3 Jul 2023
- 2023Joint Pre-training and Local Re-training: Transferable Representation Learning on Multi-source Knowledge Graphs5 Jun 2023
- 2023What Makes Entities Similar? A Similarity Flooding Perspective for Multi-sourced Knowledge Graph Embeddings5 Jun 2023
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Relation Extraction: Recent Advances and New Frontiers3 Jun 2023
- 2023CSGCL: Community-Strength-Enhanced Graph Contrastive Learning8 May 2023
- 2023Deep Active Alignment of Knowledge Graph Entities and Schemata10 Apr 2023
- 2023Toward Practical Entity Alignment Method Design: Insights from New Highly Heterogeneous Knowledge Graph Datasets7 Apr 2023
- 2022MEAformer: Multi-modal Entity Alignment Transformer for Meta Modality Hybrid29 Dec 2022
- 2022TransAlign: Fully Automatic and Effective Entity Alignment for Knowledge Graphs16 Oct 2022
- 2022Knowledge Graph Embedding Methods for Entity Alignment: An Experimental Review17 Mar 2022
- 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
- 2022MEAformer: Multi-modal Entity Alignment Transformer for Meta Modality Hybridcited by 29
- 2023A Comprehensive Survey on Relation Extraction: Recent Advances and New Frontierscited by 21
- 2024Unlocking the Power of Large Language Models for Entity Alignmentcited by 15
- 2023Toward Practical Entity Alignment Method Design: Insights from New Highly Heterogeneous Knowledge Graph Datasetscited by 8
- 2023CSGCL: Community-Strength-Enhanced Graph Contrastive Learningcited by 7
- 2023AutoAlign: Fully Automatic and Effective Knowledge Graph Alignment enabled by Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2023Multi-domain Recommendation with Embedding Disentangling and Domain Alignmentcited by 7
- 2023Deep Active Alignment of Knowledge Graph Entities and Schematacited by 6
- 2022Knowledge Graph Embedding Methods for Entity Alignment: An Experimental Reviewcited by 5
- 2023Joint Pre-training and Local Re-training: Transferable Representation Learning on Multi-source Knowledge Graphscited by 5
- 2023Generating Explanations to Understand and Repair Embedding-based Entity Alignmentcited by 5
12 most cited of 30 All 30 (JSON)
- 2026Harnessing Structural Context for Entity Alignment Foundation Models4 Jun 2026
- 2026Knowledge Graphs Meet Graph Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Survey12 May 2026
- 2026Breaking the Reasoning Horizon in Entity Alignment Foundation Models29 Jan 2026
- 2025Full Triple Matcher: Integrating all triple elements between heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs20 Jul 2025
- 2025FUSE: Measure-Theoretic Compact Fuzzy Set Representation for Taxonomy Expansion10 Jun 2025
- 2025Aligning Instance-Semantic Sparse Representation towards Unsupervised Object Segmentation and Shape Abstraction with Repeatable Primitives10 Mar 2025
- 2025Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factor Disentanglement for Recommendation in Various Context Scenarios5 Mar 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Entity Alignment Based on Personalized Discriminative Rooted Tree14 Feb 2025
- 2024Integration of Contextual Descriptors in Ontology Alignment for Enrichment of Semantic Correspondence28 Nov 2024
- 2024IBMEA: Exploring Variational Information Bottleneck for Multi-modal Entity Alignment27 Jul 2024
- 2024CombAlign: Enhancing Model Expressiveness in Unsupervised Graph Alignment19 Jun 2024
- 2024Empowering Small-Scale Knowledge Graphs: A Strategy of Leveraging General-Purpose Knowledge Graphs for Enriched Embeddings17 May 2024
12 newest of 30 All 30 (JSON)