mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Building Safer Autonomous Agents by Leveraging Risky Driving Behavior Knowledge

arXiv 2103.10245 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2021cs.LG cs.AIcited by 4

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Reinforcement learning for driving

Abstract (arXiv)

Simulation environments are good for learning different driving tasks like lane changing, parking or handling intersections etc. in an abstract manner. However, these simulation environments often restrict themselves to operate under conservative interaction behavior amongst different vehicles. But, as we know, real driving tasks often involve very high risk scenarios where other drivers often don't behave in the expected sense. There can be many reasons for this behavior like being tired or inexperienced. The simulation environment doesn't take this information into account while training the navigation agent. Therefore, in this study we especially focus on systematically creating these risk prone scenarios with heavy traffic and unexpected random behavior for creating better model-free learning agents. We generate multiple autonomous driving scenarios by creating new custom Markov Decision Process (MDP) environment iterations in the highway-env simulation package. The behavior policy is learnt by agents trained with the help from deep reinforcement learning models. Our behavior policy is deliberated to handle collisions and risky randomized driver behavior. We train model free learning agents with supplement information of risk prone driving scenarios and compare their performance with baseline agents. Finally, we casually measure the impact of adding these perturbations in the training process to precisely account for the performance improvement obtained from utilizing the learnings from these scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reinforcement learning for driving, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 20 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2021.

Builds on

20 of 59 references.

References · 20

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8 more
  1. 2021Corner Case Generation and Analysis for Safety Assessment of Autonomous Vehiclescited by 27
  2. 2020CMetric: A Driving Behavior Measure Using Centrality Functionscited by 19
  3. 2020Review of The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effectcited by 19
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  8. 2019Interval Prediction for Continuous-Time Systems with Parametric Uncertaintiescited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 2.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2022Automatically Learning Fallback Strategies with Model-Free Reinforcement Learning in Safety-Critical Driving Scenarios
  2. 2022Game-Theoretic Planning for Autonomous Driving among Risk-Aware Human Drivers
  3. 2021Addressing Inherent Uncertainty: Risk-Sensitive Behavior Generation for Automated Driving using Distributional Reinforcement Learning
  4. 2025Risk-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: Improving Safety When Driving through Intersection
  5. 2026Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Safe Autonomous Driving Under Pedestrian Behavioral Uncertainty
  6. 2021Reinforcement Learning Based Safe Decision Making for Highway Autonomous Driving
  7. 2022Discrete Control in Real-World Driving Environments using Deep Reinforcement Learning
  8. 2025Automatic Curriculum Learning for Driving Scenarios: Towards Robust and Efficient Reinforcement Learning