mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PML: Progressive Margin Loss for Long-tailed Age Classification

arXiv 2103.02140 ↗First posted 3 Mar 2021cs.CVcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a progressive margin loss (PML) approach for unconstrained facial age classification. Conventional methods make strong assumption on that each class owns adequate instances to outline its data distribution, likely leading to bias prediction where the training samples are sparse across age classes. Instead, our PML aims to adaptively refine the age label pattern by enforcing a couple of margins, which fully takes in the in-between discrepancy of the intra-class variance, inter-class variance and class center. Our PML typically incorporates with the ordinal margin and the variational margin, simultaneously plugging in the globally-tuned deep neural network paradigm. More specifically, the ordinal margin learns to exploit the correlated relationship of the real-world age labels. Accordingly, the variational margin is leveraged to minimize the influence of head classes that misleads the prediction of tailed samples. Moreover, our optimization carefully seeks a series of indicator curricula to achieve robust and efficient model training. Extensive experimental results on three face aging datasets demonstrate that our PML achieves compelling performance compared to state of the arts. Code will be made publicly.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2021.

Builds on

16 of 59 references.

References · 16

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  3. 2019Learning Imbalanced Datasets with Label-Distribution-Aware Margin Losscited by 987
  4. 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
  5. 2019Large-Scale Long-Tailed Recognition in an Open Worldcited by 704
  6. 2017A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networkscited by 510
  7. 2016Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 296
  8. 2017Automated Curriculum Learning for Neural Networkscited by 251
  9. 2020Negative Margin Matters: Understanding Margin in Few-shot Classificationcited by 129
  10. 2014Label Distribution Learningcited by 122
  11. 2016Deep Label Distribution Learning with Label Ambiguitycited by 104
  12. 2017Deep Over-sampling Framework for Classifying Imbalanced Datacited by 58
4 more
  1. 2019BridgeNet: A Continuity-Aware Probabilistic Network for Age Estimationcited by 39
  2. 2017Deep Regression Forests for Age Estimationcited by 35
  3. 2019C3AE: Exploring the Limits of Compact Model for Age Estimationcited by 26
  4. 2017Personalized Age Progression with Bi-level Aging Dictionary Learningcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 5; 2023: 9; 2024: 6; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.

32 papers.

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  1. 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 416
  2. 2022Retrieval Augmented Classification for Long-Tail Visual Recognitioncited by 106
  3. 2021Self-Supervised Aggregation of Diverse Experts for Test-Agnostic Long-Tailed Recognitioncited by 95
  4. 2022RankSim: Ranking Similarity Regularization for Deep Imbalanced Regressioncited by 52
  5. 2024A Systematic Review on Long-Tailed Learningcited by 27
  6. 2023Use Your Head: Improving Long-Tail Video Recognitioncited by 22
  7. 2023Learning-to-Rank Meets Language: Boosting Language-Driven Ordering Alignment for Ordinal Classificationcited by 21
  8. 2021FP-Age: Leveraging Face Parsing Attention for Facial Age Estimation in the Wildcited by 20
  9. 2023Improving Image Recognition by Retrieving from Web-Scale Image-Text Datacited by 20
  10. 2024Teach CLIP to Develop a Number Sense for Ordinal Regressioncited by 20
  11. 2022Hierarchical Memory Learning for Fine-Grained Scene Graph Generationcited by 15
  12. 2023CILF-CIAE: CLIP-driven Image-Language Fusion for Correcting Inverse Age Estimationcited by 15
20 more
  1. 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perceptioncited by 12
  2. 2021Training Over-parameterized Models with Non-decomposable Objectivescited by 11
  3. 2024A Survey of Deep Long-Tail Classification Advancementscited by 11
  4. 2022ELM: Embedding and Logit Margins for Long-Tail Learningcited by 10
  5. 2025Face-LLaVA: Facial Expression and Attribute Understanding through Instruction Tuningcited by 9
  6. 2023TAA-GCN: A Temporally Aware Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network for Age Estimationcited by 7
  7. 2023DAA: A Delta Age AdaIN operation for age estimation via binary code transformercited by 5
  8. 2024GroupFace: Imbalanced Age Estimation Based on Multi-hop Attention Graph Convolutional Network and Group-aware Margin Optimizationcited by 3
  9. 2023General vs. Long-Tailed Age Estimation: An Approach to Kill Two Birds with One Stonecited by 2
  10. 2023Variational Imbalanced Regression: Fair Uncertainty Quantification via Probabilistic Smoothingcited by 1
  11. 2023P-Age: Pexels Dataset for Robust Spatio-Temporal Apparent Age Classificationcited by 1
  12. 2024ComFace: Facial Representation Learning with Synthetic Data for Comparing Facescited by 1
  13. 2025LRA-GNN: Latent Relation-Aware Graph Neural Network with Initial and Dynamic Residual for Facial Age Estimationcited by 1
  14. 2025Generalized Category Discovery under the Long-Tailed Distributioncited by 1
  15. 2021Self-Paced Deep Regression Forests with Consideration of Ranking Fairnesscited by 0
  16. 2022Phased Progressive Learning with Coupling-Regulation-Imbalance Loss for Imbalanced Data Classificationcited by 0
  17. 2025Integrating ConvNeXt and Vision Transformers for Enhancing Facial Age Estimationcited by 0
  18. 2026Gen2Balance: Generative Balancing for Long-Tailed Video Action Recognitioncited by 0
  19. 2026Contrastive Order Learning: A General Framework for Ordinal Regressioncited by 0
  20. 2026D3O: Dynamic Distribution Distillation for Ordinal Regressioncited by 0