mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Task-Agnostic Morphology Evolution

arXiv 2102.13100 ↗First posted 25 Feb 2021cs.LG cs.AI cs.ROcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Deep reinforcement learning primarily focuses on learning behavior, usually overlooking the fact that an agent's function is largely determined by form. So, how should one go about finding a morphology fit for solving tasks in a given environment? Current approaches that co-adapt morphology and behavior use a specific task's reward as a signal for morphology optimization. However, this often requires expensive policy optimization and results in task-dependent morphologies that are not built to generalize. In this work, we propose a new approach, Task-Agnostic Morphology Evolution (TAME), to alleviate both of these issues. Without any task or reward specification, TAME evolves morphologies by only applying randomly sampled action primitives on a population of agents. This is accomplished using an information-theoretic objective that efficiently ranks agents by their ability to reach diverse states in the environment and the causality of their actions. Finally, we empirically demonstrate that across 2D, 3D, and manipulation environments TAME can evolve morphologies that match the multi-task performance of those learned with task supervised algorithms. Our code and videos can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/task-agnostic-evolution.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2021.

Builds on

28 of 38 references.

References · 28

  1. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  2. 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
  3. 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
  4. 2015Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learningcited by 4,416
  5. 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,211
  6. 2019Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometriccited by 2,414
  7. 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
  8. 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,070
  9. 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 935
  10. 2018Regularized Evolution for Image Classifier Architecture Searchcited by 902
  11. 2018Weisfeiler and Leman Go Neural: Higher-order Graph Neural Networkscited by 878
  12. 2018Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Functioncited by 734
16 more
  1. 2019Dynamics-Aware Unsupervised Discovery of Skillscited by 308
  2. 2016Variational Intrinsic Controlcited by 262
  3. 2018Graph networks as learnable physics engines for inference and controlcited by 242
  4. 2018Distributed Distributional Deterministic Policy Gradientscited by 195
  5. 2015Variational Information Maximisation for Intrinsically Motivated Reinforcement Learningcited by 142
  6. 2020One Policy to Control Them All: Shared Modular Policies for Agent-Agnostic Controlcited by 114
  7. 2019Learning to Control Self-Assembling Morphologies: A Study of Generalization via Modularitycited by 68
  8. 2018Reinforcement Learning for Improving Agent Designcited by 55
  9. 2018Jointly Learning to Construct and Control Agents using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 51
  10. 2017Scalable Co-Optimization of Morphology and Control in Embodied Machinescited by 38
  11. 2019Neural Graph Evolution: Towards Efficient Automatic Robot Designcited by 34
  12. 2019Data-efficient Co-Adaptation of Morphology and Behaviour with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 34
  13. 2020Hardware as Policy: Mechanical and Computational Co-Optimization using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 29
  14. 2015One-Shot Learning of Manipulation Skills with Online Dynamics Adaptation and Neural Network Priorscited by 26
  15. 2020Quality and Diversity in Evolutionary Modular Roboticscited by 2
  16. 2020Real World Morphological Evolution is Feasiblecited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 8; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

22 papers.

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  1. 2022MetaMorph: Learning Universal Controllers with Transformerscited by 78
  2. 2022Evolution Gym: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evolving Soft Robotscited by 44
  3. 2021Transform2Act: Learning a Transform-and-Control Policy for Efficient Agent Designcited by 34
  4. 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
  5. 2024Bridging Evolutionary Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Algorithmscited by 23
  6. 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Cross-Domain Policy Transfer for Embodied Agentscited by 16
  7. 2022REvolveR: Continuous Evolutionary Models for Robot-to-robot Policy Transfercited by 12
  8. 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillationcited by 12
  9. 2025VLMgineer: Vision Language Models as Robotic Toolsmithscited by 9
  10. 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstrationcited by 8
  11. 2023Reinforcement learning for freeform robot designcited by 7
  12. 2023Learning to Design and Use Tools for Robotic Manipulationcited by 7
10 more
  1. 2023Curriculum Reinforcement Learning via Morphology-Environment Co-Evolutioncited by 5
  2. 2022A Unified Substrate for Body-Brain Co-evolutioncited by 4
  3. 2024Task2Morph: Differentiable Task-inspired Framework for Contact-Aware Robot Designcited by 4
  4. 2025Embodied Co-Design for Rapidly Evolving Agents: Taxonomy, Frontiers, and Challengescited by 4
  5. 2024Evolution and learning in differentiable robotscited by 3
  6. 2021What Robot do I Need? Fast Co-Adaptation of Morphology and Control using Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
  7. 2022C^2:Co-design of Robots via Concurrent Networks Coupling Online and Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  8. 2025Toward Humanoid Brain-Body Co-design: Joint Optimization of Control and Morphology for Fall Recoverycited by 1
  9. 2026Shape Your Body: Value Gradients for Multi-Embodiment Robot Designcited by 1
  10. 2022Unified Simulation, Perception, and Generation of Human Behaviorcited by 0