Task-Agnostic Morphology Evolution
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep reinforcement learning primarily focuses on learning behavior, usually overlooking the fact that an agent's function is largely determined by form. So, how should one go about finding a morphology fit for solving tasks in a given environment? Current approaches that co-adapt morphology and behavior use a specific task's reward as a signal for morphology optimization. However, this often requires expensive policy optimization and results in task-dependent morphologies that are not built to generalize. In this work, we propose a new approach, Task-Agnostic Morphology Evolution (TAME), to alleviate both of these issues. Without any task or reward specification, TAME evolves morphologies by only applying randomly sampled action primitives on a population of agents. This is accomplished using an information-theoretic objective that efficiently ranks agents by their ability to reach diverse states in the environment and the causality of their actions. Finally, we empirically demonstrate that across 2D, 3D, and manipulation environments TAME can evolve morphologies that match the multi-task performance of those learned with task supervised algorithms. Our code and videos can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/task-agnostic-evolution.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2021.
Builds on
28 of 38 references.
References · 28
- 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,662
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
- 2015Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learningcited by 4,416
- 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,211
- 2019Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometriccited by 2,414
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
- 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,070
- 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 935
- 2018Regularized Evolution for Image Classifier Architecture Searchcited by 902
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- 2018Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Functioncited by 734
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- 2019Dynamics-Aware Unsupervised Discovery of Skillscited by 308
- 2016Variational Intrinsic Controlcited by 262
- 2018Graph networks as learnable physics engines for inference and controlcited by 242
- 2018Distributed Distributional Deterministic Policy Gradientscited by 195
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- 2020One Policy to Control Them All: Shared Modular Policies for Agent-Agnostic Controlcited by 114
- 2019Learning to Control Self-Assembling Morphologies: A Study of Generalization via Modularitycited by 68
- 2018Reinforcement Learning for Improving Agent Designcited by 55
- 2018Jointly Learning to Construct and Control Agents using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 51
- 2017Scalable Co-Optimization of Morphology and Control in Embodied Machinescited by 38
- 2019Neural Graph Evolution: Towards Efficient Automatic Robot Designcited by 34
- 2019Data-efficient Co-Adaptation of Morphology and Behaviour with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 34
- 2020Hardware as Policy: Mechanical and Computational Co-Optimization using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 29
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- 2020Real World Morphological Evolution is Feasiblecited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 8; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
22 papers.
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- 2022MetaMorph: Learning Universal Controllers with Transformerscited by 78
- 2022Evolution Gym: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evolving Soft Robotscited by 44
- 2021Transform2Act: Learning a Transform-and-Control Policy for Efficient Agent Designcited by 34
- 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2024Bridging Evolutionary Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Algorithmscited by 23
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Cross-Domain Policy Transfer for Embodied Agentscited by 16
- 2022REvolveR: Continuous Evolutionary Models for Robot-to-robot Policy Transfercited by 12
- 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillationcited by 12
- 2025VLMgineer: Vision Language Models as Robotic Toolsmithscited by 9
- 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstrationcited by 8
- 2023Reinforcement learning for freeform robot designcited by 7
- 2023Learning to Design and Use Tools for Robotic Manipulationcited by 7
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- 2022A Unified Substrate for Body-Brain Co-evolutioncited by 4
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- 2025Embodied Co-Design for Rapidly Evolving Agents: Taxonomy, Frontiers, and Challengescited by 4
- 2024Evolution and learning in differentiable robotscited by 3
- 2021What Robot do I Need? Fast Co-Adaptation of Morphology and Control using Graph Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2022C^2:Co-design of Robots via Concurrent Networks Coupling Online and Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025Toward Humanoid Brain-Body Co-design: Joint Optimization of Control and Morphology for Fall Recoverycited by 1
- 2026Shape Your Body: Value Gradients for Multi-Embodiment Robot Designcited by 1
- 2022Unified Simulation, Perception, and Generation of Human Behaviorcited by 0
- 2026Shape Your Body: Value Gradients for Multi-Embodiment Robot Design30 May 2026
- 2025Embodied Co-Design for Rapidly Evolving Agents: Taxonomy, Frontiers, and Challenges4 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward Humanoid Brain-Body Co-design: Joint Optimization of Control and Morphology for Fall Recovery25 Oct 2025
- 2025VLMgineer: Vision Language Models as Robotic Toolsmiths16 Jul 2025
- 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learning3 Oct 2024
- 2024Evolution and learning in differentiable robots23 May 2024
- 2024Task2Morph: Differentiable Task-inspired Framework for Contact-Aware Robot Design28 Mar 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Cross-Domain Policy Transfer for Embodied Agents7 Feb 2024
- 2024Bridging Evolutionary Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Algorithms22 Jan 2024
- 2023Learning to Design and Use Tools for Robotic Manipulation1 Nov 2023
- 2023Reinforcement learning for freeform robot design9 Oct 2023
- 2023Curriculum Reinforcement Learning via Morphology-Environment Co-Evolution21 Sep 2023
10 more
- 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstration8 Dec 2022
- 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillation25 Nov 2022
- 2022C^2:Co-design of Robots via Concurrent Networks Coupling Online and Offline Reinforcement Learning14 Sep 2022
- 2022Unified Simulation, Perception, and Generation of Human Behavior28 Apr 2022
- 2022A Unified Substrate for Body-Brain Co-evolution22 Mar 2022
- 2022MetaMorph: Learning Universal Controllers with Transformers22 Mar 2022
- 2022REvolveR: Continuous Evolutionary Models for Robot-to-robot Policy Transfer10 Feb 2022
- 2022Evolution Gym: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evolving Soft Robots24 Jan 2022
- 2021What Robot do I Need? Fast Co-Adaptation of Morphology and Control using Graph Neural Networks3 Nov 2021
- 2021Transform2Act: Learning a Transform-and-Control Policy for Efficient Agent Design7 Oct 2021
- 2025VLMgineer: Vision Language Models as Robotic Toolsmithscited by 9
- 2025VLMgineer: Vision Language Models as Robotic Toolsmiths16 Jul 2025
- 2022MetaMorph: Learning Universal Controllers with Transformerscited by 78
- 2022Evolution Gym: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Evolving Soft Robotscited by 44
- 2021Transform2Act: Learning a Transform-and-Control Policy for Efficient Agent Designcited by 34
- 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learningcited by 24
- 2024Bridging Evolutionary Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Algorithmscited by 23
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Cross-Domain Policy Transfer for Embodied Agentscited by 16
- 2022REvolveR: Continuous Evolutionary Models for Robot-to-robot Policy Transfercited by 12
- 2022A System for Morphology-Task Generalization via Unified Representation and Behavior Distillationcited by 12
- 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstrationcited by 8
- 2023Reinforcement learning for freeform robot designcited by 7
- 2023Learning to Design and Use Tools for Robotic Manipulationcited by 7
- 2023Curriculum Reinforcement Learning via Morphology-Environment Co-Evolutioncited by 5
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026Shape Your Body: Value Gradients for Multi-Embodiment Robot Design30 May 2026
- 2025Embodied Co-Design for Rapidly Evolving Agents: Taxonomy, Frontiers, and Challenges4 Dec 2025
- 2025Toward Humanoid Brain-Body Co-design: Joint Optimization of Control and Morphology for Fall Recovery25 Oct 2025
- 2024Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learning3 Oct 2024
- 2024Evolution and learning in differentiable robots23 May 2024
- 2024Task2Morph: Differentiable Task-inspired Framework for Contact-Aware Robot Design28 Mar 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey of Cross-Domain Policy Transfer for Embodied Agents7 Feb 2024
- 2024Bridging Evolutionary Algorithms and Reinforcement Learning: A Comprehensive Survey on Hybrid Algorithms22 Jan 2024
- 2023Learning to Design and Use Tools for Robotic Manipulation1 Nov 2023
- 2023Reinforcement learning for freeform robot design9 Oct 2023
- 2023Curriculum Reinforcement Learning via Morphology-Environment Co-Evolution21 Sep 2023
- 2022HERD: Continuous Human-to-Robot Evolution for Learning from Human Demonstration8 Dec 2022
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)