mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learning Modality-Specific Representations with Self-Supervised Multi-Task Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

arXiv 2102.04830 ↗First posted 9 Feb 2021cs.CLcited by 179

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Abstract (arXiv)

Representation Learning is a significant and challenging task in multimodal learning. Effective modality representations should contain two parts of characteristics: the consistency and the difference. Due to the unified multimodal annotation, existing methods are restricted in capturing differentiated information. However, additional uni-modal annotations are high time- and labor-cost. In this paper, we design a label generation module based on the self-supervised learning strategy to acquire independent unimodal supervisions. Then, joint training the multi-modal and uni-modal tasks to learn the consistency and difference, respectively. Moreover, during the training stage, we design a weight-adjustment strategy to balance the learning progress among different subtasks. That is to guide the subtasks to focus on samples with a larger difference between modality supervisions. Last, we conduct extensive experiments on three public multimodal baseline datasets. The experimental results validate the reliability and stability of auto-generated unimodal supervisions. On MOSI and MOSEI datasets, our method surpasses the current state-of-the-art methods. On the SIMS dataset, our method achieves comparable performance than human-annotated unimodal labels. The full codes are available at https://github.com/thuiar/Self-MM.

Key facts. Cited by 179 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2021.

Builds on

15 of 21 references.

References · 15

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2017Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 1,004
  4. 2017A Survey on Multi-Task Learningcited by 838
  5. 2019Multimodal Transformer for Unaligned Multimodal Language Sequencescited by 637
  6. 2017Tensor Fusion Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 429
  7. 2018Efficient Low-rank Multimodal Fusion with Modality-Specific Factorscited by 268
  8. 2020MISA: Modality-Invariant and -Specific Representations for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 262
  9. 2016MOSI: Multimodal Corpus of Sentiment Intensity and Subjectivity Analysis in Online Opinion Videoscited by 193
  10. 2018Learning Factorized Multimodal Representationscited by 171
  11. 2018Memory Fusion Network for Multi-view Sequential Learningcited by 167
  12. 2018Words Can Shift: Dynamically Adjusting Word Representations Using Nonverbal Behaviorscited by 89
3 more
  1. 2019Learning Relationships between Text, Audio, and Video via Deep Canonical Correlation for Multimodal Language Analysiscited by 82
  2. 2020Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg: Current Challenges and New Directions in Sentiment Analysis Researchcited by 67
  3. 2019Multi-task Learning for Multi-modal Emotion Recognition and Sentiment Analysiscited by 39

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 20; 2023: 29; 2024: 35; 2025: 38; 2026: 48.

179 papers.

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  1. 2021Improving Multimodal Fusion with Hierarchical Mutual Information Maximization for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 130
  2. 2022UniMSE: Towards Unified Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognitioncited by 61
  3. 2022Make Acoustic and Visual Cues Matter: CH-SIMS v2.0 Dataset and AV-Mixup Consistent Modulecited by 43
  4. 2023Multimodal Variational Auto-encoder based Audio-Visual Segmentationcited by 37
  5. 2024Correlation-Decoupled Knowledge Distillation for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Incomplete Modalitiescited by 32
  6. 2024Coupled Mamba: Enhanced Multi-modal Fusion with Coupled State Space Modelcited by 30
  7. 2022Tag-assisted Multimodal Sentiment Analysis under Uncertain Missing Modalitiescited by 28
  8. 2022Duplex Conversation: Towards Human-like Interaction in Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 28
  9. 2023Robust Multimodal Learning with Missing Modalities via Parameter-Efficient Adaptationcited by 27
  10. 2023Learning Language-guided Adaptive Hyper-modality Representation for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 27
  11. 2024DLF: Disentangled-Language-Focused Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 27
  12. 2023Multimodal Multi-loss Fusion Network for Sentiment Analysiscited by 26
38 more
  1. 2024Towards Multimodal Sentiment Analysis Debiasing via Bias Purificationcited by 26
  2. 2024Towards Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Incomplete Datacited by 26
  3. 2024MIntRec2.0: A Large-scale Benchmark Dataset for Multimodal Intent Recognition and Out-of-scope Detection in Conversationscited by 25
  4. 2022i-Code: An Integrative and Composable Multimodal Learning Frameworkcited by 24
  5. 2025DecAlign: Hierarchical Cross-Modal Alignment for Decoupled Multimodal Representation Learningcited by 23
  6. 2022M-SENA: An Integrated Platform for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 21
  7. 2022Analyzing Modality Robustness in Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 20
  8. 2022Efficient Multimodal Transformer with Dual-Level Feature Restoration for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 20
  9. 2021Latent Structure Mining with Contrastive Modality Fusion for Multimedia Recommendationcited by 18
  10. 2022Counterfactual Reasoning for Out-of-distribution Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 18
  11. 2024Neuro-Inspired Information-Theoretic Hierarchical Perception for Multimodal Learningcited by 18
  12. 2023UniSA: Unified Generative Framework for Sentiment Analysiscited by 17
  13. 2024AlignMamba: Enhancing Multimodal Mamba with Local and Global Cross-modal Alignmentcited by 17
  14. 2024WisdoM: Improving Multimodal Sentiment Analysis by Fusing Contextual World Knowledgecited by 16
  15. 2024Large Language Models Meet Text-Centric Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: A Surveycited by 16
  16. 2024Toward Robust Incomplete Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Hierarchical Representation Learningcited by 16
  17. 2025DynCIM: Dynamic Curriculum for Imbalanced Multimodal Learningcited by 16
  18. 2023CFN-ESA: A Cross-Modal Fusion Network with Emotion-Shift Awareness for Dialogue Emotion Recognitioncited by 14
  19. 2023Joyful: Joint Modality Fusion and Graph Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 14
  20. 2023Revisiting Disentanglement and Fusion on Modality and Context in Conversational Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 13
  21. 2021ScaleVLAD: Improving Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Multi-Scale Fusion of Locally Descriptorscited by 12
  22. 2023Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: A Surveycited by 12
  23. 2023Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotioncited by 12
  24. 2023Improving Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: Supervised Angular Margin-based Contrastive Learning for Enhanced Fusion Representationcited by 12
  25. 2024Recent Advances in Multimodal Affective Computing: An NLP Perspectivecited by 12
  26. 2023General Debiasing for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 10
  27. 2024Debiased Multimodal Understanding for Human Language Sequencescited by 10
  28. 2024Asynchronous Multimodal Video Sequence Fusion via Learning Modality-Exclusive and -Agnostic Representationscited by 10
  29. 2024MMP: Towards Robust Multi-Modal Learning with Masked Modality Projectioncited by 10
  30. 2023Shared and Private Information Learning in Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Deep Modal Alignment and Self-supervised Multi-Task Learningcited by 9
  31. 2025MSE-Adapter: A Lightweight Plugin Endowing LLMs with the Capability to Perform Multimodal Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Recognitioncited by 9
  32. 2021TEASEL: A Transformer-Based Speech-Prefixed Language Modelcited by 8
  33. 2023Unimodal Training-Multimodal Prediction: Cross-modal Federated Learning with Hierarchical Aggregationcited by 8
  34. 2024MF-AED-AEC: Speech Emotion Recognition by Leveraging Multimodal Fusion, Asr Error Detection, and Asr Error Correctioncited by 8
  35. 2024Trustworthy Multimodal Fusion for Sentiment Analysis in Ordinal Sentiment Spacecited by 8
  36. 2025Can Large Language Models Help Multimodal Language Analysis? MMLA: A Comprehensive Benchmarkcited by 8
  37. 2022Sentiment Word Aware Multimodal Refinement for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with ASR Errorscited by 7
  38. 2023Prospective Role of Foundation Models in Advancing Autonomous Vehiclescited by 7

50 most cited of 179 All 179 (JSON)