Efficient Multimodal Transformer with Dual-Level Feature Restoration for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis
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Abstract (arXiv)
With the proliferation of user-generated online videos, Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) has attracted increasing attention recently. Despite significant progress, there are still two major challenges on the way towards robust MSA: 1) inefficiency when modeling cross-modal interactions in unaligned multimodal data; and 2) vulnerability to random modality feature missing which typically occurs in realistic settings. In this paper, we propose a generic and unified framework to address them, named Efficient Multimodal Transformer with Dual-Level Feature Restoration (EMT-DLFR). Concretely, EMT employs utterance-level representations from each modality as the global multimodal context to interact with local unimodal features and mutually promote each other. It not only avoids the quadratic scaling cost of previous local-local cross-modal interaction methods but also leads to better performance. To improve model robustness in the incomplete modality setting, on the one hand, DLFR performs low-level feature reconstruction to implicitly encourage the model to learn semantic information from incomplete data. On the other hand, it innovatively regards complete and incomplete data as two different views of one sample and utilizes siamese representation learning to explicitly attract their high-level representations. Comprehensive experiments on three popular datasets demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance in both complete and incomplete modality settings.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 76 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Aug 2022.
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40 of 76 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 4; 2025: 10; 2026: 4.
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- 2023MAE-DFER: Efficient Masked Autoencoder for Self-supervised Dynamic Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 42
- 2023MER 2023: Multi-label Learning, Modality Robustness, and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 33
- 2024HiCMAE: Hierarchical Contrastive Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Emotion Recognitioncited by 30
- 2024MER 2024: Semi-Supervised Learning, Noise Robustness, and Open-Vocabulary Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 23
- 2024SDR-GNN: Spectral Domain Reconstruction Graph Neural Network for Incomplete Multimodal Learning in Conversational Emotion Recognitioncited by 13
- 2025Modality-Invariant Bidirectional Temporal Representation Distillation Network for Missing Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 7
- 2025Towards Robust Multimodal Emotion Recognition under Missing Modalities and Distribution Shiftscited by 4
- 2025DUAL: Dynamic Uncertainty-Aware Learningcited by 3
- 2025Towards Robust and Realible Multimodal Misinformation Recognition with Incomplete Modalitycited by 2
- 2026DCER: Dual-Stage Compression and Energy-Based Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2024CorMulT: A Semi-supervised Modality Correlation-aware Multimodal Transformer for Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Calibrating Multimodal Consensus for Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
8 more
- 2025Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Double Information Bottleneckcited by 1
- 2025DashFusion: Dual-stream Alignment with Hierarchical Bottleneck Fusion for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Hierarchical Adaptive Expert for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
- 2025QiNN-QJ: A Quantum-inspired Neural Network with Quantum Jump for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
- 2025OmniMER: Auxiliary-Enhanced LLM Adaptation for Indonesian Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026MRUF: Multi-granularity Routing with Uncertainty-Aware Fusion for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
- 2026MIDAS: Mutual Information Disentanglement with Uncertainty-Aware Fusion for Incomplete Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
- 2026SemMSA: Latent Semantic-Aided Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Incomplete Datacited by 0
- 2026SemMSA: Latent Semantic-Aided Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Incomplete Data24 Sep 2026
- 2026MIDAS: Mutual Information Disentanglement with Uncertainty-Aware Fusion for Incomplete Multimodal Sentiment Analysis6 Aug 2026
- 2026MRUF: Multi-granularity Routing with Uncertainty-Aware Fusion for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis12 Jul 2026
- 2026DCER: Dual-Stage Compression and Energy-Based Reconstruction3 Feb 2026
- 2025OmniMER: Auxiliary-Enhanced LLM Adaptation for Indonesian Multimodal Emotion Recognition22 Dec 2025
- 2025DashFusion: Dual-stream Alignment with Hierarchical Bottleneck Fusion for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis5 Dec 2025
- 2025Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Double Information Bottleneck3 Nov 2025
- 2025QiNN-QJ: A Quantum-inspired Neural Network with Quantum Jump for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis31 Oct 2025
- 2025Calibrating Multimodal Consensus for Emotion Recognition23 Oct 2025
- 2025Towards Robust and Realible Multimodal Misinformation Recognition with Incomplete Modality7 Oct 2025
- 2025Towards Robust Multimodal Emotion Recognition under Missing Modalities and Distribution Shifts12 Jun 2025
- 2025DUAL: Dynamic Uncertainty-Aware Learning21 May 2025
8 more
- 2025Hierarchical Adaptive Expert for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis25 Mar 2025
- 2025Modality-Invariant Bidirectional Temporal Representation Distillation Network for Missing Multimodal Sentiment Analysis7 Jan 2025
- 2024SDR-GNN: Spectral Domain Reconstruction Graph Neural Network for Incomplete Multimodal Learning in Conversational Emotion Recognition29 Nov 2024
- 2024CorMulT: A Semi-supervised Modality Correlation-aware Multimodal Transformer for Sentiment Analysis9 Jul 2024
- 2024MER 2024: Semi-Supervised Learning, Noise Robustness, and Open-Vocabulary Multimodal Emotion Recognition26 Apr 2024
- 2024HiCMAE: Hierarchical Contrastive Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Emotion Recognition11 Jan 2024
- 2023MAE-DFER: Efficient Masked Autoencoder for Self-supervised Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition5 Jul 2023
- 2023MER 2023: Multi-label Learning, Modality Robustness, and Semi-Supervised Learning18 Apr 2023
- 2023MAE-DFER: Efficient Masked Autoencoder for Self-supervised Dynamic Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 42
- 2023MER 2023: Multi-label Learning, Modality Robustness, and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 33
- 2024HiCMAE: Hierarchical Contrastive Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Audio-Visual Emotion Recognitioncited by 30
- 2024MER 2024: Semi-Supervised Learning, Noise Robustness, and Open-Vocabulary Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 23
- 2024SDR-GNN: Spectral Domain Reconstruction Graph Neural Network for Incomplete Multimodal Learning in Conversational Emotion Recognitioncited by 13
- 2025Modality-Invariant Bidirectional Temporal Representation Distillation Network for Missing Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 7
- 2025Towards Robust Multimodal Emotion Recognition under Missing Modalities and Distribution Shiftscited by 4
- 2025DUAL: Dynamic Uncertainty-Aware Learningcited by 3
- 2025Towards Robust and Realible Multimodal Misinformation Recognition with Incomplete Modalitycited by 2
- 2026DCER: Dual-Stage Compression and Energy-Based Reconstructioncited by 2
- 2024CorMulT: A Semi-supervised Modality Correlation-aware Multimodal Transformer for Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
- 2025Calibrating Multimodal Consensus for Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2026SemMSA: Latent Semantic-Aided Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis with Incomplete Data24 Sep 2026
- 2026MIDAS: Mutual Information Disentanglement with Uncertainty-Aware Fusion for Incomplete Multimodal Sentiment Analysis6 Aug 2026
- 2026MRUF: Multi-granularity Routing with Uncertainty-Aware Fusion for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis12 Jul 2026
- 2026DCER: Dual-Stage Compression and Energy-Based Reconstruction3 Feb 2026
- 2025OmniMER: Auxiliary-Enhanced LLM Adaptation for Indonesian Multimodal Emotion Recognition22 Dec 2025
- 2025DashFusion: Dual-stream Alignment with Hierarchical Bottleneck Fusion for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis5 Dec 2025
- 2025Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis via Double Information Bottleneck3 Nov 2025
- 2025QiNN-QJ: A Quantum-inspired Neural Network with Quantum Jump for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis31 Oct 2025
- 2025Calibrating Multimodal Consensus for Emotion Recognition23 Oct 2025
- 2025Towards Robust and Realible Multimodal Misinformation Recognition with Incomplete Modality7 Oct 2025
- 2025Towards Robust Multimodal Emotion Recognition under Missing Modalities and Distribution Shifts12 Jun 2025
- 2025DUAL: Dynamic Uncertainty-Aware Learning21 May 2025
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)