Learning Monocular Depth in Dynamic Scenes via Instance-Aware Projection Consistency
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present an end-to-end joint training framework that explicitly models 6-DoF motion of multiple dynamic objects, ego-motion and depth in a monocular camera setup without supervision. Our technical contributions are three-fold. First, we highlight the fundamental difference between inverse and forward projection while modeling the individual motion of each rigid object, and propose a geometrically correct projection pipeline using a neural forward projection module. Second, we design a unified instance-aware photometric and geometric consistency loss that holistically imposes self-supervisory signals for every background and object region. Lastly, we introduce a general-purpose auto-annotation scheme using any off-the-shelf instance segmentation and optical flow models to produce video instance segmentation maps that will be utilized as input to our training pipeline. These proposed elements are validated in a detailed ablation study. Through extensive experiments conducted on the KITTI and Cityscapes dataset, our framework is shown to outperform the state-of-the-art depth and motion estimation methods. Our code, dataset, and models are available at https://github.com/SeokjuLee/Insta-DM .
Key facts. Cited by 58 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Feb 2021.
Builds on
43 of 55 references.
References · 43
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- 2016Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistencycited by 819
- 2018Path Aggregation Network for Instance Segmentationcited by 796
- 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 778
31 more
- 2018Pyramid Stereo Matching Networkcited by 486
- 20193D Packing for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 437
- 2019Video Instance Segmentationcited by 391
- 2016Unsupervised CNN for Single View Depth Estimation: Geometry to the Rescuecited by 368
- 2018GeoNet: Unsupervised Learning of Dense Depth, Optical Flow and Camera Posecited by 341
- 2019Unsupervised Scale-consistent Depth and Ego-motion Learning from Monocular Videocited by 244
- 2018Competitive Collaboration: Joint Unsupervised Learning of Depth, Camera Motion, Optical Flow and Motion Segmentationcited by 222
- 2017UnFlow: Unsupervised Learning of Optical Flow with a Bidirectional Census Losscited by 202
- 2018Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Monocular Video Using 3D Geometric Constraintscited by 179
- 2019Depth from Videos in the Wild: Unsupervised Monocular Depth Learning from Unknown Camerascited by 170
- 2018Depth Prediction Without the Sensors: Leveraging Structure for Unsupervised Learning from Monocular Videoscited by 155
- 2017Learning Depth from Monocular Videos using Direct Methodscited by 154
- 2020Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Solving the Dynamic Object Problem by Semantic Guidancecited by 148
- 2020Semantically-Guided Representation Learning for Self-Supervised Monocular Depthcited by 134
- 2019Self-supervised Learning with Geometric Constraints in Monocular Video: Connecting Flow, Depth, and Cameracited by 130
- 2019SelFlow: Self-Supervised Learning of Optical Flowcited by 128
- 2017Occlusion Aware Unsupervised Learning of Optical Flowcited by 101
- 2018Every Pixel Counts ++: Joint Learning of Geometry and Motion with 3D Holistic Understandingcited by 101
- 2020Unsupervised Monocular Depth Learning in Dynamic Scenescited by 84
- 2018SuperDepth: Self-Supervised, Super-Resolved Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 64
- 2020Self-Supervised Monocular Scene Flow Estimationcited by 64
- 2017VPGNet: Vanishing Point Guided Network for Lane and Road Marking Detection and Recognitioncited by 56
- 2019Unsupervised Monocular Depth and Ego-motion Learning with Structure and Semanticscited by 49
- 2018LEGO: Learning Edge with Geometry all at Once by Watching Videoscited by 47
- 2018Learning Rigidity in Dynamic Scenes with a Moving Camera for 3D Motion Field Estimationcited by 38
- 2020Flow2Stereo: Effective Self-Supervised Learning of Optical Flow and Stereo Matchingcited by 36
- 2018RoarNet: A Robust 3D Object Detection based on RegiOn Approximation Refinementcited by 31
- 2019Learning Independent Object Motion from Unlabelled Stereoscopic Videoscited by 17
- 2019Learning Residual Flow as Dynamic Motion from Stereo Videoscited by 12
- 2020ResNet or DenseNet? Introducing Dense Shortcuts to ResNetcited by 12
- 2019Visuomotor Understanding for Representation Learning of Driving Scenescited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 10; 2023: 15; 2024: 18; 2025: 2; 2026: 5.
58 papers.
Sort:
- 2021Unsupervised Scale-consistent Depth Learning from Videocited by 69
- 2021Fine-grained Semantics-aware Representation Enhancement for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 55
- 2022SC-DepthV3: Robust Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Scenescited by 50
- 2022Disentangling Object Motion and Occlusion for Unsupervised Multi-frame Monocular Depthcited by 48
- 2021Correlate-and-Excite: Real-Time Stereo Matching via Guided Cost Volume Excitationcited by 47
- 2021PolyphonicFormer: Unified Query Learning for Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentationcited by 36
- 2023Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Let's Talk About The Weathercited by 33
- 2021Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Highly Complex Environmentscited by 28
- 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 25
- 2021Attentive and Contrastive Learning for Joint Depth and Motion Field Estimationcited by 24
- 2023RM-Depth: Unsupervised Learning of Recurrent Monocular Depth in Dynamic Scenescited by 22
- 2023SQLdepth: Generalizable Self-Supervised Fine-Structured Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 21
38 more
- 2023Dynamo-Depth: Fixing Unsupervised Depth Estimation for Dynamical Scenescited by 20
- 2023Multi-Object Discovery by Low-Dimensional Object Motioncited by 16
- 2022The Monocular Depth Estimation Challengecited by 13
- 2023From-Ground-To-Objects: Coarse-to-Fine Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation of Dynamic Objects with Ground Contact Priorcited by 13
- 2024SwinMTL: A Shared Architecture for Simultaneous Depth Estimation and Semantic Segmentation from Monocular Camera Imagescited by 13
- 2021PLNet: Plane and Line Priors for Unsupervised Indoor Depth Estimationcited by 12
- 2023Manydepth2: Motion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 12
- 2024Know Your Neighbors: Improving Single-View Reconstruction via Spatial Vision-Language Reasoningcited by 12
- 20213D Hierarchical Refinement and Augmentation for Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Pose from Monocular Videocited by 11
- 2022Semi-Supervised Learning with Mutual Distillation for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 10
- 2024Mono-ViFI: A Unified Learning Framework for Self-supervised Single- and Multi-frame Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 9
- 2024Embodiment: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation Based on Camera Modelscited by 9
- 2023DS-Depth: Dynamic and Static Depth Estimation via a Fusion Cost Volumecited by 8
- 2024SPIdepth: Strengthened Pose Information for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 8
- 2024ProDepth: Boosting Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depth with Probabilistic Fusioncited by 6
- 2022Instance-aware multi-object self-supervision for monocular depth predictioncited by 5
- 2024MAL: Motion-Aware Loss with Temporal and Distillation Hints for Self-Supervised Depth Estimationcited by 4
- 2024Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in the Dark: Towards Data Distribution Compensationcited by 4
- 2022Dyna-DM: Dynamic Object-aware Self-supervised Monocular Depth Mapscited by 3
- 2023PPEA-Depth: Progressive Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 3
- 2024Mining Supervision for Dynamic Regions in Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 3
- 2022Surround-View Cameras based Holistic Visual Perception for Automated Drivingcited by 2
- 2022ROIFormer: Semantic-Aware Region of Interest Transformer for Efficient Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2023Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth Estimation with Multi-Scale Feature Fusion in Dynamic Scenescited by 2
- 2024FlowDepth: Decoupling Optical Flow for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 2
- 2022Hybrid Transformer Based Feature Fusion for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 1
- 2023GSDC Transformer: An Efficient and Effective Cue Fusion for Monocular Multi-Frame Depth Estimationcited by 1
- 2024MCDS-VSS: Moving Camera Dynamic Scene Video Semantic Segmentation by Filtering with Self-Supervised Geometry and Motioncited by 1
- 2024Human Insights Driven Latent Space for Different Driving Perspectives: A Unified Encoder for Efficient Multi-Task Inferencecited by 1
- 2026SS3D: End2End Self-Supervised 3D from Web Videoscited by 1
- 2026Rebalancing gradient to improve self-supervised co-training of depth, odometry and optical flow predictionscited by 1
- 2026Scene-Centric Unsupervised Video Panoptic Segmentationcited by 1
- 2022Detaching and Boosting: Dual Engine for Scale-Invariant Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2023Deep Planar Parallax for Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2023Exploring the Mutual Influence between Self-Supervised Single-Frame and Multi-Frame Depth Estimationcited by 0
- 2023Learning Monocular Depth in Dynamic Environment via Context-aware Temporal Attentioncited by 0
- 2024DO3D: Self-supervised Learning of Decomposed Object-aware 3D Motion and Depth from Monocular Videoscited by 0
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026Towards Robust Driving Perception: A Flexible Scale-Driven Family for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation1 Jul 2026
- 2026Scene-Centric Unsupervised Video Panoptic Segmentation3 Jun 2026
- 2026Rebalancing gradient to improve self-supervised co-training of depth, odometry and optical flow predictions8 May 2026
- 2026SS3D: End2End Self-Supervised 3D from Web Videos24 Apr 2026
- 2026Adaptive Depth-converted-Scale Convolution for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation9 Apr 2026
- 2025MT-Depth: Multi-task Instance feature analysis for the Depth Completion4 Dec 2025
- 2025UM-Depth : Uncertainty Masked Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Visual Odometry17 Sep 2025
- 2024Human Insights Driven Latent Space for Different Driving Perspectives: A Unified Encoder for Efficient Multi-Task Inference16 Sep 2024
- 2024Str-L Pose: Integrating Point and Structured Line for Relative Pose Estimation in Dual-Graph28 Aug 2024
- 2024Embodiment: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation Based on Camera Models2 Aug 2024
- 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation29 Jul 2024
- 2024Mono-ViFI: A Unified Learning Framework for Self-supervised Single- and Multi-frame Monocular Depth Estimation19 Jul 2024
38 more
- 2024ProDepth: Boosting Self-Supervised Multi-Frame Monocular Depth with Probabilistic Fusion12 Jul 2024
- 2024Multiple Prior Representation Learning for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation via Hybrid Transformer13 Jun 2024
- 2024Back2Color: Domain-Adaptive Synthetic-to-Real Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Traffic Scenes11 Jun 2024
- 2024MCDS-VSS: Moving Camera Dynamic Scene Video Semantic Segmentation by Filtering with Self-Supervised Geometry and Motion30 May 2024
- 2024Mining Supervision for Dynamic Regions in Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation23 Apr 2024
- 2024Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in the Dark: Towards Data Distribution Compensation22 Apr 2024
- 2024SPIdepth: Strengthened Pose Information for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation18 Apr 2024
- 2024Know Your Neighbors: Improving Single-View Reconstruction via Spatial Vision-Language Reasoning4 Apr 2024
- 2024FlowDepth: Decoupling Optical Flow for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation28 Mar 2024
- 2024SwinMTL: A Shared Architecture for Simultaneous Depth Estimation and Semantic Segmentation from Monocular Camera Images15 Mar 2024
- 2024On depth prediction for autonomous driving using self-supervised learning10 Mar 2024
- 2024DO3D: Self-supervised Learning of Decomposed Object-aware 3D Motion and Depth from Monocular Videos9 Mar 2024
- 2024MAL: Motion-Aware Loss with Temporal and Distillation Hints for Self-Supervised Depth Estimation18 Feb 2024
- 2023Manydepth2: Motion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenes23 Dec 2023
- 2023PPEA-Depth: Progressive Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation20 Dec 2023
- 2023From-Ground-To-Objects: Coarse-to-Fine Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation of Dynamic Objects with Ground Contact Prior15 Dec 2023
- 2023Dynamo-Depth: Fixing Unsupervised Depth Estimation for Dynamical Scenes29 Oct 2023
- 2023GSDC Transformer: An Efficient and Effective Cue Fusion for Monocular Multi-Frame Depth Estimation29 Sep 2023
- 2023SQLdepth: Generalizable Self-Supervised Fine-Structured Monocular Depth Estimation1 Sep 2023
- 2023DS-Depth: Dynamic and Static Depth Estimation via a Fusion Cost Volume14 Aug 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Let's Talk About The Weather17 Jul 2023
- 2023Multi-Object Discovery by Low-Dimensional Object Motion16 Jul 2023
- 2023Learning Monocular Depth in Dynamic Environment via Context-aware Temporal Attention12 May 2023
- 2023Exploring the Mutual Influence between Self-Supervised Single-Frame and Multi-Frame Depth Estimation25 Apr 2023
- 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenes18 Apr 2023
- 2023Multi-Frame Self-Supervised Depth Estimation with Multi-Scale Feature Fusion in Dynamic Scenes26 Mar 2023
- 2023RM-Depth: Unsupervised Learning of Recurrent Monocular Depth in Dynamic Scenes8 Mar 2023
- 2023Deep Planar Parallax for Monocular Depth Estimation9 Jan 2023
- 2022ROIFormer: Semantic-Aware Region of Interest Transformer for Efficient Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation12 Dec 2022
- 2022The Monocular Depth Estimation Challenge22 Nov 2022
- 2022Hybrid Transformer Based Feature Fusion for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation20 Nov 2022
- 2022SC-DepthV3: Robust Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Scenes7 Nov 2022
- 2022Detaching and Boosting: Dual Engine for Scale-Invariant Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation8 Oct 2022
- 2022Surround-View Cameras based Holistic Visual Perception for Automated Driving11 Jun 2022
- 2022Dyna-DM: Dynamic Object-aware Self-supervised Monocular Depth Maps8 Jun 2022
- 2022Disentangling Object Motion and Occlusion for Unsupervised Multi-frame Monocular Depth29 Mar 2022
- 2022Semi-Supervised Learning with Mutual Distillation for Monocular Depth Estimation18 Mar 2022
- 2022Instance-aware multi-object self-supervision for monocular depth prediction2 Mar 2022
50 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2021Unsupervised Scale-consistent Depth Learning from Videocited by 69
- 2021Fine-grained Semantics-aware Representation Enhancement for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 55
- 2022SC-DepthV3: Robust Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Scenescited by 50
- 2022Disentangling Object Motion and Occlusion for Unsupervised Multi-frame Monocular Depthcited by 48
- 2021Correlate-and-Excite: Real-Time Stereo Matching via Guided Cost Volume Excitationcited by 47
- 2021PolyphonicFormer: Unified Query Learning for Depth-aware Video Panoptic Segmentationcited by 36
- 2023Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation: Let's Talk About The Weathercited by 33
- 2021Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation in Highly Complex Environmentscited by 28
- 2023Learning to Fuse Monocular and Multi-view Cues for Multi-frame Depth Estimation in Dynamic Scenescited by 25
- 2021Attentive and Contrastive Learning for Joint Depth and Motion Field Estimationcited by 24
- 2023RM-Depth: Unsupervised Learning of Recurrent Monocular Depth in Dynamic Scenescited by 22
- 2023SQLdepth: Generalizable Self-Supervised Fine-Structured Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 21
12 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026Towards Robust Driving Perception: A Flexible Scale-Driven Family for Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation1 Jul 2026
- 2026Scene-Centric Unsupervised Video Panoptic Segmentation3 Jun 2026
- 2026Rebalancing gradient to improve self-supervised co-training of depth, odometry and optical flow predictions8 May 2026
- 2026SS3D: End2End Self-Supervised 3D from Web Videos24 Apr 2026
- 2026Adaptive Depth-converted-Scale Convolution for Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation9 Apr 2026
- 2025MT-Depth: Multi-task Instance feature analysis for the Depth Completion4 Dec 2025
- 2025UM-Depth : Uncertainty Masked Self-Supervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Visual Odometry17 Sep 2025
- 2024Human Insights Driven Latent Space for Different Driving Perspectives: A Unified Encoder for Efficient Multi-Task Inference16 Sep 2024
- 2024Str-L Pose: Integrating Point and Structured Line for Relative Pose Estimation in Dual-Graph28 Aug 2024
- 2024Embodiment: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation Based on Camera Models2 Aug 2024
- 2024BaseBoostDepth: Exploiting Larger Baselines For Self-supervised Monocular Depth Estimation29 Jul 2024
- 2024Mono-ViFI: A Unified Learning Framework for Self-supervised Single- and Multi-frame Monocular Depth Estimation19 Jul 2024
12 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)