TinyML for Ubiquitous Edge AI
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Abstract (arXiv)
TinyML is a fast-growing multidisciplinary field at the intersection of machine learning, hardware, and software, that focuses on enabling deep learning algorithms on embedded (microcontroller powered) devices operating at extremely low power range (mW range and below). TinyML addresses the challenges in designing power-efficient, compact deep neural network models, supporting software framework, and embedded hardware that will enable a wide range of customized, ubiquitous inference applications on battery-operated, resource-constrained devices. In this report, we discuss the major challenges and technological enablers that direct this field's expansion. TinyML will open the door to the new types of edge services and applications that do not rely on cloud processing but thrive on distributed edge inference and autonomous reasoning.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2021.
Builds on
8 of 16 references.
References · 8
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
- 2015Learning both Weights and Connections for Efficient Neural Networkscited by 1,998
- 2017ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devicescited by 1,194
- 2016Network Trimming: A Data-Driven Neuron Pruning Approach towards Efficient Deep Architecturescited by 220
- 2020Benchmarking TinyML Systems: Challenges and Directioncited by 89
- 2018Benchmark Analysis of Representative Deep Neural Network Architecturescited by 77
- 2018Light Gated Recurrent Units for Speech Recognitioncited by 48
- 2020Convolutional-Recurrent Neural Networks on Low-Power Wearable Platforms for Cardiac Arrhythmia Detectioncited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
13 papers.
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- 2022Intelligence at the Extreme Edge: A Survey on Reformable TinyMLcited by 13
- 2023Quantized Transformer Language Model Implementations on Edge Devicescited by 9
- 2021TinyML Platforms Benchmarkingcited by 5
- 2025From Tiny Machine Learning to Tiny Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 5
- 2022Software Engineering Approaches for TinyML based IoT Embedded Vision: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 2
- 2023MEMA Runtime Framework: Minimizing External Memory Accesses for TinyML on Microcontrollerscited by 2
- 2025Edge Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Evolution, Taxonomic Frameworks, and Future Horizonscited by 2
- 2022A review of TinyMLcited by 0
- 2023Distributed Agent-Based Collaborative Learning in Cross-Individual Wearable Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2024MosquIoT: A System Based on IoT and Machine Learning for the Monitoring of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)cited by 0
- 2024DiTMoS: Delving into Diverse Tiny-Model Selection on Microcontrollerscited by 0
- 2025Integration of TinyML and LargeML: A Survey of 6G and Beyondcited by 0
1 more
- 2026Power Side-Channel Membership Inference Attack on Embedded Machine Learning7 Oct 2026
- 2025Edge Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Evolution, Taxonomic Frameworks, and Future Horizons1 Oct 2025
- 2025From Tiny Machine Learning to Tiny Deep Learning: A Survey21 Jun 2025
- 2025Integration of TinyML and LargeML: A Survey of 6G and Beyond20 May 2025
- 2024DiTMoS: Delving into Diverse Tiny-Model Selection on Microcontrollers14 Mar 2024
- 2024MosquIoT: A System Based on IoT and Machine Learning for the Monitoring of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)29 Jan 2024
- 2023Distributed Agent-Based Collaborative Learning in Cross-Individual Wearable Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition6 Nov 2023
- 2023Quantized Transformer Language Model Implementations on Edge Devices6 Oct 2023
- 2023MEMA Runtime Framework: Minimizing External Memory Accesses for TinyML on Microcontrollers12 Apr 2023
- 2022A review of TinyML5 Nov 2022
- 2022Software Engineering Approaches for TinyML based IoT Embedded Vision: A Systematic Literature Review19 Apr 2022
- 2022Intelligence at the Extreme Edge: A Survey on Reformable TinyML2 Apr 2022
1 more
- 2021TinyML Platforms Benchmarking30 Nov 2021
- 2022Intelligence at the Extreme Edge: A Survey on Reformable TinyMLcited by 13
- 2023Quantized Transformer Language Model Implementations on Edge Devicescited by 9
- 2021TinyML Platforms Benchmarkingcited by 5
- 2025From Tiny Machine Learning to Tiny Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 5
- 2022Software Engineering Approaches for TinyML based IoT Embedded Vision: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 2
- 2023MEMA Runtime Framework: Minimizing External Memory Accesses for TinyML on Microcontrollerscited by 2
- 2025Edge Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Evolution, Taxonomic Frameworks, and Future Horizonscited by 2
- 2022A review of TinyMLcited by 0
- 2023Distributed Agent-Based Collaborative Learning in Cross-Individual Wearable Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2024MosquIoT: A System Based on IoT and Machine Learning for the Monitoring of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)cited by 0
- 2024DiTMoS: Delving into Diverse Tiny-Model Selection on Microcontrollerscited by 0
- 2025Integration of TinyML and LargeML: A Survey of 6G and Beyondcited by 0
- 2025Edge Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Evolution, Taxonomic Frameworks, and Future Horizons1 Oct 2025
- 2025From Tiny Machine Learning to Tiny Deep Learning: A Survey21 Jun 2025
- 2025Integration of TinyML and LargeML: A Survey of 6G and Beyond20 May 2025
- 2024DiTMoS: Delving into Diverse Tiny-Model Selection on Microcontrollers14 Mar 2024
- 2024MosquIoT: A System Based on IoT and Machine Learning for the Monitoring of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)29 Jan 2024
- 2023Distributed Agent-Based Collaborative Learning in Cross-Individual Wearable Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition6 Nov 2023
- 2023Quantized Transformer Language Model Implementations on Edge Devices6 Oct 2023
- 2023MEMA Runtime Framework: Minimizing External Memory Accesses for TinyML on Microcontrollers12 Apr 2023
- 2022A review of TinyML5 Nov 2022
- 2022Software Engineering Approaches for TinyML based IoT Embedded Vision: A Systematic Literature Review19 Apr 2022
- 2022Intelligence at the Extreme Edge: A Survey on Reformable TinyML2 Apr 2022
- 2021TinyML Platforms Benchmarking30 Nov 2021