mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Robust and Stable Black Box Explanations

arXiv 2011.06169 ↗First posted 12 Nov 2020cs.LGcited by 47

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Abstract (arXiv)

As machine learning black boxes are increasingly being deployed in real-world applications, there has been a growing interest in developing post hoc explanations that summarize the behaviors of these black boxes. However, existing algorithms for generating such explanations have been shown to lack stability and robustness to distribution shifts. We propose a novel framework for generating robust and stable explanations of black box models based on adversarial training. Our framework optimizes a minimax objective that aims to construct the highest fidelity explanation with respect to the worst-case over a set of adversarial perturbations. We instantiate this algorithm for explanations in the form of linear models and decision sets by devising the required optimization procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this work makes the first attempt at generating post hoc explanations that are robust to a general class of adversarial perturbations that are of practical interest. Experimental evaluation with real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrates that our approach substantially improves robustness of explanations without sacrificing their fidelity on the original data distribution.

Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Nov 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 15; 2022: 11; 2023: 6; 2024: 11; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

47 papers.

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  1. 2022From Anecdotal Evidence to Quantitative Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review on Evaluating Explainable AIcited by 299
  2. 2021Towards Robust and Reliable Algorithmic Recoursecited by 101
  3. 2022Framework for Evaluating Faithfulness of Local Explanationscited by 55
  4. 2021Do Input Gradients Highlight Discriminative Features?cited by 52
  5. 2023Post Hoc Explanations of Language Models Can Improve Language Modelscited by 50
  6. 2023Adversarial attacks and defenses in explainable artificial intelligence: A surveycited by 47
  7. 2021A Framework for Learning Ante-hoc Explainable Models via Conceptscited by 45
  8. 2021A Survey on the Robustness of Feature Importance and Counterfactual Explanationscited by 38
  9. 2021Probing GNN Explainers: A Rigorous Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of GNN Explanation Methodscited by 36
  10. 2021Provably efficient, succinct, and precise explanationscited by 32
  11. 2021Perturbing Inputs for Fragile Interpretations in Deep Natural Language Processingcited by 30
  12. 2022Robust Explanation Constraints for Neural Networkscited by 23
35 more
  1. 2021Taxonomy of Machine Learning Safety: A Survey and Primercited by 22
  2. 2022Understanding and Enhancing Robustness of Concept-based Modelscited by 22
  3. 2021On the Lack of Robust Interpretability of Neural Text Classifierscited by 17
  4. 2021Connecting Interpretability and Robustness in Decision Trees through Separationcited by 16
  5. 2022Inferring Sensitive Attributes from Model Explanationscited by 15
  6. 2021Making Corgis Important for Honeycomb Classification: Adversarial Attacks on Concept-based Explainability Toolscited by 9
  7. 2022A.I. Robustness: a Human-Centered Perspective on Technological Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 8
  8. 2024Rethinking Explainable Machine Learning as Applied Statisticscited by 8
  9. 2022A Query-Optimal Algorithm for Finding Counterfactualscited by 7
  10. 2022Analyzing Explainer Robustness via Probabilistic Lipschitzness of Prediction Functionscited by 6
  11. 2023Confident Feature Rankingcited by 6
  12. 2021Self-learn to Explain Siamese Networks Robustlycited by 5
  13. 2024X Hacking: The Threat of Misguided AutoMLcited by 5
  14. 2024When Can You Trust Your Explanations? A Robustness Analysis on Feature Importancescited by 5
  15. 2022An empirical study of the effect of background data size on the stability of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for deep learning modelscited by 4
  16. 2021Extending LIME for Business Process Automationcited by 3
  17. 2022Explaining the root causes of unit-level changescited by 3
  18. 2023Rethinking Robustness of Model Attributionscited by 3
  19. 2023Explainable AI using expressive Boolean formulascited by 2
  20. 2023How Well Do Feature-Additive Explainers Explain Feature-Additive Predictors?cited by 2
  21. 2024Advancing Ante-Hoc Explainable Models through Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2
  22. 2024On the Robustness of Global Feature Effect Explanationscited by 2
  23. 2024An Evaluation of Explanation Methods for Black-Box Detectors of Machine-Generated Textcited by 2
  24. 2024Axiomatic Explainer Globalness via Optimal Transportcited by 2
  25. 2024Combining Machine Learning Defenses without Conflictscited by 2
  26. 2025Factor Graph-based Interpretable Neural Networkscited by 2
  27. 2022Locally Invariant Explanations: Towards Stable and Unidirectional Explanations through Local Invariant Learningcited by 1
  28. 2024T-Explainer: A Model-Agnostic Explainability Framework Based on Gradientscited by 1
  29. 2025Interpretable Model Drift Detectioncited by 1
  30. 2026Bound Propagation meets Constraint Simplification: Improving Logic-based XAI for Neural Networkscited by 1
  31. 2021Attribution Mask: Filtering Out Irrelevant Features By Recursively Focusing Attention on Inputs of DNNscited by 0
  32. 2021Evaluating Local Explanations using White-box Modelscited by 0
  33. 2024Revealing Vulnerabilities of Neural Networks in Parameter Learning and Defense Against Explanation-Aware Backdoorscited by 0
  34. 2024Robust Explainable Recommendationcited by 0
  35. 2025Adversarial Robustness in Zero-Shot Learning:An Empirical Study on Class and Concept-Level Vulnerabilitiescited by 0