Beyond VQA: Generating Multi-word Answer and Rationale to Visual Questions
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Abstract (arXiv)
Visual Question Answering is a multi-modal task that aims to measure high-level visual understanding. Contemporary VQA models are restrictive in the sense that answers are obtained via classification over a limited vocabulary (in the case of open-ended VQA), or via classification over a set of multiple-choice-type answers. In this work, we present a completely generative formulation where a multi-word answer is generated for a visual query. To take this a step forward, we introduce a new task: ViQAR (Visual Question Answering and Reasoning), wherein a model must generate the complete answer and a rationale that seeks to justify the generated answer. We propose an end-to-end architecture to solve this task and describe how to evaluate it. We show that our model generates strong answers and rationales through qualitative and quantitative evaluation, as well as through a human Turing Test.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 4; 2023: 7; 2024: 4; 2025: 2.
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- 2021e-ViL: A Dataset and Benchmark for Natural Language Explanations in Vision-Language Taskscited by 84
- 2021A Review on Explainability in Multimodal Deep Neural Netscited by 46
- 2023HRVQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark for High-Resolution Aerial Imagescited by 21
- 2023Discovering Spatio-Temporal Rationales for Video Question Answeringcited by 21
- 2024Long-Form Answers to Visual Questions from Blind and Low Vision Peoplecited by 18
- 2024GazeXplain: Learning to Predict Natural Language Explanations of Visual Scanpathscited by 15
- 2022VQA and Visual Reasoning: An Overview of Recent Datasets, Methods and Challengescited by 14
- 2022REX: Reasoning-aware and Grounded Explanationcited by 12
- 2025ChartQA-X: Generating Explanations for Visual Chart Reasoningcited by 9
- 2022Chunk-aware Alignment and Lexical Constraint for Visual Entailment with Natural Language Explanationscited by 8
- 2023Redundancy-aware Transformer for Video Question Answeringcited by 7
- 2024ERVQA: A Dataset to Benchmark the Readiness of Large Vision Language Models in Hospital Environmentscited by 5
7 more
- 2023Towards a Unified Model for Generating Answers and Explanations in Visual Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2022On Advances in Text Generation from Images Beyond Captioning: A Case Study in Self-Rationalizationcited by 2
- 2023Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2023A Survey on Interpretable Cross-modal Reasoningcited by 2
- 2024Multimodal Rationales for Explainable Visual Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2023Preconditioned Visual Language Inference with Weak Supervisioncited by 0
- 2025HLTCOE Evaluation Team at TREC 2025: VQA Trackcited by 0
- 2025HLTCOE Evaluation Team at TREC 2025: VQA Track8 Dec 2025
- 2025ChartQA-X: Generating Explanations for Visual Chart Reasoning17 Apr 2025
- 2024ERVQA: A Dataset to Benchmark the Readiness of Large Vision Language Models in Hospital Environments8 Oct 2024
- 2024Long-Form Answers to Visual Questions from Blind and Low Vision People12 Aug 2024
- 2024GazeXplain: Learning to Predict Natural Language Explanations of Visual Scanpaths5 Aug 2024
- 2024Multimodal Rationales for Explainable Visual Question Answering6 Feb 2024
- 2023A Survey on Interpretable Cross-modal Reasoning5 Sep 2023
- 2023Redundancy-aware Transformer for Video Question Answering7 Aug 2023
- 2023Discovering Spatio-Temporal Rationales for Video Question Answering22 Jul 2023
- 2023Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answering24 May 2023
- 2023Preconditioned Visual Language Inference with Weak Supervision22 May 2023
- 2023Towards a Unified Model for Generating Answers and Explanations in Visual Question Answering25 Jan 2023
7 more
- 2023HRVQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark for High-Resolution Aerial Images23 Jan 2023
- 2022VQA and Visual Reasoning: An Overview of Recent Datasets, Methods and Challenges26 Dec 2022
- 2022Chunk-aware Alignment and Lexical Constraint for Visual Entailment with Natural Language Explanations23 Jul 2022
- 2022On Advances in Text Generation from Images Beyond Captioning: A Case Study in Self-Rationalization24 May 2022
- 2022REX: Reasoning-aware and Grounded Explanation11 Mar 2022
- 2021A Review on Explainability in Multimodal Deep Neural Nets17 May 2021
- 2021e-ViL: A Dataset and Benchmark for Natural Language Explanations in Vision-Language Tasks8 May 2021
- 2024Long-Form Answers to Visual Questions from Blind and Low Vision Peoplecited by 18
- 2022Chunk-aware Alignment and Lexical Constraint for Visual Entailment with Natural Language Explanationscited by 8
- 2024ERVQA: A Dataset to Benchmark the Readiness of Large Vision Language Models in Hospital Environmentscited by 5
- 2023Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answeringcited by 2
- 2024ERVQA: A Dataset to Benchmark the Readiness of Large Vision Language Models in Hospital Environments8 Oct 2024
- 2024Long-Form Answers to Visual Questions from Blind and Low Vision People12 Aug 2024
- 2023Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answering24 May 2023
- 2022Chunk-aware Alignment and Lexical Constraint for Visual Entailment with Natural Language Explanations23 Jul 2022
- 2021e-ViL: A Dataset and Benchmark for Natural Language Explanations in Vision-Language Taskscited by 84
- 2021A Review on Explainability in Multimodal Deep Neural Netscited by 46
- 2023HRVQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark for High-Resolution Aerial Imagescited by 21
- 2023Discovering Spatio-Temporal Rationales for Video Question Answeringcited by 21
- 2024GazeXplain: Learning to Predict Natural Language Explanations of Visual Scanpathscited by 15
- 2022REX: Reasoning-aware and Grounded Explanationcited by 12
- 2025ChartQA-X: Generating Explanations for Visual Chart Reasoningcited by 9
- 2023Redundancy-aware Transformer for Video Question Answeringcited by 7
- 2023Towards a Unified Model for Generating Answers and Explanations in Visual Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2022On Advances in Text Generation from Images Beyond Captioning: A Case Study in Self-Rationalizationcited by 2
- 2023A Survey on Interpretable Cross-modal Reasoningcited by 2
- 2024Multimodal Rationales for Explainable Visual Question Answeringcited by 2
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025HLTCOE Evaluation Team at TREC 2025: VQA Track8 Dec 2025
- 2025ChartQA-X: Generating Explanations for Visual Chart Reasoning17 Apr 2025
- 2024GazeXplain: Learning to Predict Natural Language Explanations of Visual Scanpaths5 Aug 2024
- 2024Multimodal Rationales for Explainable Visual Question Answering6 Feb 2024
- 2023A Survey on Interpretable Cross-modal Reasoning5 Sep 2023
- 2023Redundancy-aware Transformer for Video Question Answering7 Aug 2023
- 2023Discovering Spatio-Temporal Rationales for Video Question Answering22 Jul 2023
- 2023Preconditioned Visual Language Inference with Weak Supervision22 May 2023
- 2023Towards a Unified Model for Generating Answers and Explanations in Visual Question Answering25 Jan 2023
- 2023HRVQA: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark for High-Resolution Aerial Images23 Jan 2023
- 2022On Advances in Text Generation from Images Beyond Captioning: A Case Study in Self-Rationalization24 May 2022
- 2022REX: Reasoning-aware and Grounded Explanation11 Mar 2022
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)