The Primal-Dual method for Learning Augmented Algorithms
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Abstract (arXiv)
The extension of classical online algorithms when provided with predictions is a new and active research area. In this paper, we extend the primal-dual method for online algorithms in order to incorporate predictions that advise the online algorithm about the next action to take. We use this framework to obtain novel algorithms for a variety of online covering problems. We compare our algorithms to the cost of the true and predicted offline optimal solutions and show that these algorithms outperform any online algorithm when the prediction is accurate while maintaining good guarantees when the prediction is misleading.
Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 15; 2023: 16; 2024: 20; 2025: 9; 2026: 13.
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- 2021Faster Matchings via Learned Dualscited by 56
- 2022Learning Predictions for Algorithms with Predictionscited by 25
- 2022Permutation Predictions for Non-Clairvoyant Schedulingcited by 22
- 2022Online Algorithms with Multiple Predictionscited by 22
- 2022Triangle and Four Cycle Counting with Predictions in Graph Streamscited by 20
- 2021Pareto-Optimal Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online Conversion Problemscited by 19
- 2022Parsimonious Learning-Augmented Cachingcited by 19
- 2022Algorithms with Prediction Portfolioscited by 19
- 2021A Novel Prediction Setup for Online Speed-Scalingcited by 17
- 2022Discrete-Convex-Analysis-Based Framework for Warm-Starting Algorithms with Predictionscited by 16
- 2023Improved Learning-Augmented Algorithms for the Multi-Option Ski Rental Problem via Best-Possible Competitive Analysiscited by 16
- 2024Online bipartite matching with imperfect advicecited by 13
38 more
- 2022A Regression Approach to Learning-Augmented Online Algorithmscited by 12
- 2022Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online Linear and Semidefinite Programmingcited by 11
- 2024Learning-augmented Maximum Independent Setcited by 11
- 2024Binary Search with Distributional Predictionscited by 11
- 2021Double Coverage with Machine-Learned Advicecited by 10
- 2022Smoothed Online Optimization with Unreliable Predictionscited by 10
- 2023Active causal structure learning with advicecited by 10
- 2023Online Algorithms with Uncertainty-Quantified Predictionscited by 9
- 2022Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online TSP on the Linecited by 8
- 2023Beyond Black-Box Advice: Learning-Augmented Algorithms for MDPs with Q-Value Predictionscited by 8
- 2024Overcoming Brittleness in Pareto-Optimal Learning-Augmented Algorithmscited by 8
- 2023Minimalistic Predictions to Schedule Jobs with Online Precedence Constraintscited by 7
- 2023Online Ad Allocation with Predictionscited by 7
- 2024Non-clairvoyant Scheduling with Partial Predictionscited by 7
- 2024Learning-Augmented Priority Queuescited by 7
- 2024Learning-Augmented Algorithms for the Bahncard Problemcited by 7
- 2025On Tradeoffs in Learning-Augmented Algorithmscited by 7
- 2021Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online Steiner Treecited by 6
- 2022Scheduling with Speed Predictionscited by 6
- 2021Improved Bounds for Online Facility Location with Predictionscited by 5
- 2022Contextual Pandora's Boxcited by 5
- 2022Learning-Augmented Private Algorithms for Multiple Quantile Releasecited by 5
- 2023Online Dynamic Acknowledgement with Learned Predictionscited by 5
- 2024Online Classification with Predictionscited by 5
- 2024Near-Optimal Consistency-Robustness Trade-Offs for Learning-Augmented Online Knapsack Problemscited by 5
- 2023The Predicted-Updates Dynamic Model: Offline, Incremental, and Decremental to Fully Dynamic Transformationscited by 4
- 2024Learning-Augmented Search Data Structurescited by 4
- 2024Learning-Based Algorithms for Graph Searching Problemscited by 4
- 2024Learning multivariate Gaussians with imperfect advicecited by 4
- 2025Pareto-Optimality, Smoothness, and Stochasticity in Learning-Augmented One-Max-Searchcited by 4
- 2025Approximate Proportionality in Online Fair Divisioncited by 4
- 2021Online Primal-Dual Algorithms with Predictions for Packing Problemscited by 3
- 2023Rethinking Warm-Starts with Predictions: Learning Predictions Close to Sets of Optimal Solutions for Faster L-/L^natural-Convex Function Minimizationcited by 3
- 2023A Survey of Machine Learning-Based Ride-Hailing Planningcited by 3
- 2023Faster Discrete Convex Function Minimization with Predictions: The M-Convex Casecited by 3
- 2024Learning-augmented Online Algorithm for Two-level Ski-rental Problemcited by 3
- 2025Learning-Augmented Online Bidding in Stochastic Settingscited by 3
- 2023On Optimal Consistency-Robustness Trade-Off for Learning-Augmented Multi-Option Ski Rentalcited by 2
50 most cited of 80 All 80 (JSON)
- 2026Simultaneous Competitive and Regret Guarantees for TCP Acknowledgment9 Oct 2026
- 2026Compressing Value Predictions for Learning-Augmented Metrical Task Systems27 Sep 2026
- 2026Augmented Hypothesis Testing with Persona-Based LLM Simulations21 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Algorithms: Guarantees, Construction Mechanisms, and System-Level Implications4 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented and Randomized Algorithms for Line Aggregation with Delays30 Jul 2026
- 2026CASP: Learning-Augmented Offline Approximation with Verifiable Certificates and Bounded-Loss PAC Guarantees16 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online Vertex Cover22 Jun 2026
- 2026Online LLM Selection via Constrained Bandits with Time-Varying Demand16 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Approximation for Unrelated-Machines Makespan Scheduling11 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Online Minimization with Dual Predictions3 Jun 2026
- 2026Robust and Consistent Ski Rental with Distributional Advice31 Mar 2026
- 2026The Secretary Problem with Predictions and a Chosen Order12 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2026Analyzing the effect of prediction accuracy on the distributionally-robust competitive ratio11 Jan 2026
- 2025Timely Information Updating for Mobile Devices Without and With ML Advice19 Dec 2025
- 2025Product distribution learning with imperfect advice13 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning-Augmented Online Bidding in Stochastic Settings29 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning-Augmented Streaming Algorithms for Correlation Clustering12 Oct 2025
- 2025Transductive and Learning-Augmented Online Regression4 Oct 2025
- 2025Approximate Proportionality in Online Fair Division5 Aug 2025
- 2025Pareto-Optimality, Smoothness, and Stochasticity in Learning-Augmented One-Max-Search8 Feb 2025
- 2025Decision-Theoretic Approaches for Improved Learning-Augmented Algorithms29 Jan 2025
- 2025On Tradeoffs in Learning-Augmented Algorithms22 Jan 2025
- 2024On Approximability of ℓ22 Min-Sum Clustering4 Dec 2024
- 2024Binary Search with Distributional Predictions25 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning multivariate Gaussians with imperfect advice19 Nov 2024
- 2024Learning-Augmented Algorithms for the Bahncard Problem20 Oct 2024
- 2024Data-driven Under Frequency Load Shedding Using Reinforcement Learning6 Oct 2024
- 2024Overcoming Brittleness in Pareto-Optimal Learning-Augmented Algorithms7 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning-augmented Maximum Independent Set16 Jul 2024
- 2024Near-Optimal Consistency-Robustness Trade-Offs for Learning-Augmented Online Knapsack Problems26 Jun 2024
- 2024Learning-Augmented Priority Queues7 Jun 2024
- 2024A Simple Learning-Augmented Algorithm for Online Packing with Concave Objectives5 Jun 2024
- 2024Online Classification with Predictions22 May 2024
- 2024Online bipartite matching with imperfect advice16 May 2024
- 2024Non-clairvoyant Scheduling with Partial Predictions2 May 2024
- 2024Learning-augmented Online Minimization of Age of Information and Transmission Costs5 Mar 2024
- 2024Learning-Based Algorithms for Graph Searching Problems27 Feb 2024
- 2024The SMART approach to instance-optimal online learning27 Feb 2024
- 2024Learning-Augmented Search Data Structures16 Feb 2024
- 2024Primal-Dual Algorithms with Predictions for Online Bounded Allocation and Ad-Auctions Problems13 Feb 2024
- 2024Learning-augmented Online Algorithm for Two-level Ski-rental Problem9 Feb 2024
- 2024Online Uniform Sampling: Randomized Learning-Augmented Approximation Algorithms with Application to Digital Health3 Feb 2024
- 2023Online Covering with Multiple Experts22 Dec 2023
- 2023On Optimal Consistency-Robustness Trade-Off for Learning-Augmented Multi-Option Ski Rental5 Dec 2023
- 2023Out-of-Distribution-Aware Electric Vehicle Charging10 Nov 2023
- 2023Online Algorithms with Uncertainty-Quantified Predictions17 Oct 2023
- 2023Beyond Black-Box Advice: Learning-Augmented Algorithms for MDPs with Q-Value Predictions20 Jul 2023
- 2023The Predicted-Updates Dynamic Model: Offline, Incremental, and Decremental to Fully Dynamic Transformations17 Jul 2023
- 2023Learning-Augmented Decentralized Online Convex Optimization in Networks16 Jun 2023
- 2023Faster Discrete Convex Function Minimization with Predictions: The M-Convex Case9 Jun 2023
50 newest of 80 All 80 (JSON)
- 2021Faster Matchings via Learned Dualscited by 56
- 2022Learning Predictions for Algorithms with Predictionscited by 25
- 2022Permutation Predictions for Non-Clairvoyant Schedulingcited by 22
- 2022Online Algorithms with Multiple Predictionscited by 22
- 2022Triangle and Four Cycle Counting with Predictions in Graph Streamscited by 20
- 2021Pareto-Optimal Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online Conversion Problemscited by 19
- 2022Parsimonious Learning-Augmented Cachingcited by 19
- 2022Algorithms with Prediction Portfolioscited by 19
- 2021A Novel Prediction Setup for Online Speed-Scalingcited by 17
- 2022Discrete-Convex-Analysis-Based Framework for Warm-Starting Algorithms with Predictionscited by 16
- 2023Improved Learning-Augmented Algorithms for the Multi-Option Ski Rental Problem via Best-Possible Competitive Analysiscited by 16
- 2024Online bipartite matching with imperfect advicecited by 13
12 most cited of 79 All 79 (JSON)
- 2026Simultaneous Competitive and Regret Guarantees for TCP Acknowledgment9 Oct 2026
- 2026Compressing Value Predictions for Learning-Augmented Metrical Task Systems27 Sep 2026
- 2026Augmented Hypothesis Testing with Persona-Based LLM Simulations21 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Algorithms: Guarantees, Construction Mechanisms, and System-Level Implications4 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented and Randomized Algorithms for Line Aggregation with Delays30 Jul 2026
- 2026CASP: Learning-Augmented Offline Approximation with Verifiable Certificates and Bounded-Loss PAC Guarantees16 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Algorithms for Online Vertex Cover22 Jun 2026
- 2026Online LLM Selection via Constrained Bandits with Time-Varying Demand16 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Approximation for Unrelated-Machines Makespan Scheduling11 Jun 2026
- 2026Learning-Augmented Online Minimization with Dual Predictions3 Jun 2026
- 2026Robust and Consistent Ski Rental with Distributional Advice31 Mar 2026
- 2026The Secretary Problem with Predictions and a Chosen Order12 Jan 2026
12 newest of 79 All 79 (JSON)