Controlling Style in Generated Dialogue
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Abstract (arXiv)
Open-domain conversation models have become good at generating natural-sounding dialogue, using very large architectures with billions of trainable parameters. The vast training data required to train these architectures aggregates many different styles, tones, and qualities. Using that data to train a single model makes it difficult to use the model as a consistent conversational agent, e.g. with a stable set of persona traits and a typical style of expression. Several architectures affording control mechanisms over generation architectures have been proposed, each with different trade-offs. However, it remains unclear whether their use in dialogue is viable, and what the trade-offs look like with the most recent state-of-the-art conversational architectures. In this work, we adapt three previously proposed controllable generation architectures to open-domain dialogue generation, controlling the style of the generation to match one among about 200 possible styles. We compare their respective performance and tradeoffs, and show how they can be used to provide insights into existing conversational datasets, and generate a varied set of styled conversation replies.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 10; 2023: 8; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2022"I'm sorry to hear that": Finding New Biases in Language Models with a Holistic Descriptor Datasetcited by 160
- 2024A Survey on Uncertainty Quantification of Large Language Models: Taxonomy, Open Research Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 115
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- 2023SteerLM: Attribute Conditioned SFT as an (User-Steerable) Alternative to RLHFcited by 107
- 2022The Moral Integrity Corpus: A Benchmark for Ethical Dialogue Systemscited by 92
- 2021Improving Coherence and Consistency in Neural Sequence Models with Dual-System, Neuro-Symbolic Reasoningcited by 85
- 2021Anticipating Safety Issues in E2E Conversational AI: Framework and Toolingcited by 77
- 2021What Changes Can Large-scale Language Models Bring? Intensive Study on HyperCLOVA: Billions-scale Korean Generative Pretrained Transformerscited by 75
- 2021On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmarkcited by 73
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Taskscited by 73
- 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systemscited by 64
- 2022DIRECTOR: Generator-Classifiers For Supervised Language Modelingcited by 38
26 more
- 2022Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligencecited by 35
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- 2022Meet Your Favorite Character: Open-domain Chatbot Mimicking Fictional Characters with only a Few Utterancescited by 32
- 2021Attribute Alignment: Controlling Text Generation from Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 27
- 2022Building a Role Specified Open-Domain Dialogue System Leveraging Large-Scale Language Modelscited by 26
- 2023An Empirical Study of Metrics to Measure Representational Harms in Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 24
- 2021Hi, my name is Martha: Using names to measure and mitigate bias in generative dialogue modelscited by 23
- 2021Few-shot Controllable Style Transfer for Low-Resource Multilingual Settingscited by 20
- 2024Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Modelscited by 14
- 2022Symbolic music generation conditioned on continuous-valued emotionscited by 12
- 2022Improving Chess Commentaries by Combining Language Models with Symbolic Reasoning Enginescited by 12
- 2023An Invariant Learning Characterization of Controlled Text Generationcited by 9
- 2024Developing Safe and Responsible Large Language Model : Can We Balance Bias Reduction and Language Understanding in Large Language Models?cited by 8
- 2024SudoLM: Learning Access Control of Parametric Knowledge with Authorization Alignmentcited by 8
- 2021Local Explanation of Dialogue Response Generationcited by 7
- 2021Zero-Shot Controlled Generation with Encoder-Decoder Transformerscited by 5
- 2022Every picture tells a story: Image-grounded controllable stylistic story generationcited by 5
- 2022Stylized Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation via Disentangled Template Rewritingcited by 4
- 2023Context-Aware Document Simplificationcited by 3
- 2023Safer Conversational AI as a Source of User Delightcited by 2
- 2026Evaluating Social Bias in RAG Systems: When External Context Helps and Reasoning Hurtscited by 1
- 2021Taming the Beast: Learning to Control Neural Conversational Modelscited by 0
- 2021Controllable Response Generation for Assistive Use-casescited by 0
- 2023Topic-switch adapted Japanese Dialogue System based on PLATO-2cited by 0
- 2025Towards Efficient and Effective Alignment of Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Structured Style-Rewrite with Chain-of-Thought Planning for Low-Resource Character Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026Structured Style-Rewrite with Chain-of-Thought Planning for Low-Resource Character Dialogue6 Mar 2026
- 2026Evaluating Social Bias in RAG Systems: When External Context Helps and Reasoning Hurts10 Feb 2026
- 2025Reasoning about Uncertainty: Do Reasoning Models Know When They Don't Know?22 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Efficient and Effective Alignment of Large Language Models11 Jun 2025
- 2024A Survey on Uncertainty Quantification of Large Language Models: Taxonomy, Open Research Challenges, and Future Directions7 Dec 2024
- 2024SudoLM: Learning Access Control of Parametric Knowledge with Authorization Alignment18 Oct 2024
- 2024Developing Safe and Responsible Large Language Model : Can We Balance Bias Reduction and Language Understanding in Large Language Models?1 Apr 2024
- 2024Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Models1 Apr 2024
- 2023FollowBench: A Multi-level Fine-grained Constraints Following Benchmark for Large Language Models31 Oct 2023
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Tasks23 Oct 2023
- 2023SteerLM: Attribute Conditioned SFT as an (User-Steerable) Alternative to RLHF9 Oct 2023
- 2023An Invariant Learning Characterization of Controlled Text Generation31 May 2023
26 more
- 2023Context-Aware Document Simplification10 May 2023
- 2023Safer Conversational AI as a Source of User Delight18 Apr 2023
- 2023Topic-switch adapted Japanese Dialogue System based on PLATO-222 Feb 2023
- 2023An Empirical Study of Metrics to Measure Representational Harms in Pre-Trained Language Models22 Jan 2023
- 2022Improving Chess Commentaries by Combining Language Models with Symbolic Reasoning Engines15 Dec 2022
- 2022Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligence13 Oct 2022
- 2022Every picture tells a story: Image-grounded controllable stylistic story generation4 Sep 2022
- 2022DIRECTOR: Generator-Classifiers For Supervised Language Modeling15 Jun 2022
- 2022"I'm sorry to hear that": Finding New Biases in Language Models with a Holistic Descriptor Dataset18 May 2022
- 2022Building a Role Specified Open-Domain Dialogue System Leveraging Large-Scale Language Models30 Apr 2022
- 2022Meet Your Favorite Character: Open-domain Chatbot Mimicking Fictional Characters with only a Few Utterances22 Apr 2022
- 2022Stylized Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation via Disentangled Template Rewriting12 Apr 2022
- 2022The Moral Integrity Corpus: A Benchmark for Ethical Dialogue Systems6 Apr 2022
- 2022Symbolic music generation conditioned on continuous-valued emotions30 Mar 2022
- 2021Controllable Response Generation for Assistive Use-cases4 Dec 2021
- 2021On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmark16 Oct 2021
- 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systems15 Oct 2021
- 2021Few-shot Controllable Style Transfer for Low-Resource Multilingual Settings14 Oct 2021
- 2021What Changes Can Large-scale Language Models Bring? Intensive Study on HyperCLOVA: Billions-scale Korean Generative Pretrained Transformers10 Sep 2021
- 2021Hi, my name is Martha: Using names to measure and mitigate bias in generative dialogue models7 Sep 2021
- 2021Taming the Beast: Learning to Control Neural Conversational Models24 Aug 2021
- 2021Anticipating Safety Issues in E2E Conversational AI: Framework and Tooling7 Jul 2021
- 2021Improving Coherence and Consistency in Neural Sequence Models with Dual-System, Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning6 Jul 2021
- 2021Local Explanation of Dialogue Response Generation11 Jun 2021
- 2021Zero-Shot Controlled Generation with Encoder-Decoder Transformers11 Jun 2021
- 2021Attribute Alignment: Controlling Text Generation from Pre-trained Language Models20 Mar 2021
- 2025Reasoning about Uncertainty: Do Reasoning Models Know When They Don't Know?cited by 35
- 2022Improving Chess Commentaries by Combining Language Models with Symbolic Reasoning Enginescited by 12
- 2026Evaluating Social Bias in RAG Systems: When External Context Helps and Reasoning Hurtscited by 1
- 2026Structured Style-Rewrite with Chain-of-Thought Planning for Low-Resource Character Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026Structured Style-Rewrite with Chain-of-Thought Planning for Low-Resource Character Dialogue6 Mar 2026
- 2026Evaluating Social Bias in RAG Systems: When External Context Helps and Reasoning Hurts10 Feb 2026
- 2025Reasoning about Uncertainty: Do Reasoning Models Know When They Don't Know?22 Jun 2025
- 2022Improving Chess Commentaries by Combining Language Models with Symbolic Reasoning Engines15 Dec 2022
- 2022"I'm sorry to hear that": Finding New Biases in Language Models with a Holistic Descriptor Datasetcited by 160
- 2024A Survey on Uncertainty Quantification of Large Language Models: Taxonomy, Open Research Challenges, and Future Directionscited by 115
- 2023FollowBench: A Multi-level Fine-grained Constraints Following Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 112
- 2022The Moral Integrity Corpus: A Benchmark for Ethical Dialogue Systemscited by 92
- 2021Improving Coherence and Consistency in Neural Sequence Models with Dual-System, Neuro-Symbolic Reasoningcited by 85
- 2021Anticipating Safety Issues in E2E Conversational AI: Framework and Toolingcited by 77
- 2021What Changes Can Large-scale Language Models Bring? Intensive Study on HyperCLOVA: Billions-scale Korean Generative Pretrained Transformerscited by 75
- 2021On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmarkcited by 73
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Taskscited by 73
- 2021Few-Shot Bot: Prompt-Based Learning for Dialogue Systemscited by 64
- 2022DIRECTOR: Generator-Classifiers For Supervised Language Modelingcited by 38
- 2022Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligencecited by 35
12 most cited of 31 All 31 (JSON)
- 2024A Survey on Uncertainty Quantification of Large Language Models: Taxonomy, Open Research Challenges, and Future Directions7 Dec 2024
- 2024Developing Safe and Responsible Large Language Model : Can We Balance Bias Reduction and Language Understanding in Large Language Models?1 Apr 2024
- 2024Towards Safety and Helpfulness Balanced Responses via Controllable Large Language Models1 Apr 2024
- 2023FollowBench: A Multi-level Fine-grained Constraints Following Benchmark for Large Language Models31 Oct 2023
- 2023Evaluating Large Language Models on Controlled Generation Tasks23 Oct 2023
- 2023An Invariant Learning Characterization of Controlled Text Generation31 May 2023
- 2023Context-Aware Document Simplification10 May 2023
- 2023Safer Conversational AI as a Source of User Delight18 Apr 2023
- 2023Topic-switch adapted Japanese Dialogue System based on PLATO-222 Feb 2023
- 2023An Empirical Study of Metrics to Measure Representational Harms in Pre-Trained Language Models22 Jan 2023
- 2022Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligence13 Oct 2022
- 2022Every picture tells a story: Image-grounded controllable stylistic story generation4 Sep 2022
12 newest of 31 All 31 (JSON)