Glancing Transformer for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent work on non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NAT) aims at improving the efficiency by parallel decoding without sacrificing the quality. However, existing NAT methods are either inferior to Transformer or require multiple decoding passes, leading to reduced speedup. We propose the Glancing Language Model (GLM), a method to learn word interdependency for single-pass parallel generation models. With GLM, we develop Glancing Transformer (GLAT) for machine translation. With only single-pass parallel decoding, GLAT is able to generate high-quality translation with 8-15 times speedup. Experiments on multiple WMT language directions show that GLAT outperforms all previous single pass non-autoregressive methods, and is nearly comparable to Transformer, reducing the gap to 0.25-0.9 BLEU points.
Key facts. Cited by 103 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 37; 2023: 29; 2024: 14; 2025: 7; 2026: 6.
103 papers.
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- 2022A Survey on Non-Autoregressive Generation for Neural Machine Translation and Beyondcited by 64
- 2021Order-Agnostic Cross Entropy for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translationcited by 57
- 2024BAMM: Bidirectional Autoregressive Motion Modelcited by 55
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- 2021Non-Autoregressive Translation by Learning Target Categorical Codescited by 25
- 2022CTC Alignments Improve Autoregressive Translationcited by 25
- 2021AligNART: Non-autoregressive Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Estimate Alignment and Translatecited by 24
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generationcited by 21
- 2022An Imitation Learning Curriculum for Text Editing with Non-Autoregressive Modelscited by 20
- 2022textitlatent-GLAT: Glancing at Latent Variables for Parallel Text Generationcited by 20
- 2022One Reference Is Not Enough: Diverse Distillation with Reference Selection for Non-Autoregressive Translationcited by 20
- 2022Lossless Acceleration for Seq2seq Generation with Aggressive Decodingcited by 18
- 2022Non-Monotonic Latent Alignments for CTC-Based Non-Autoregressive Machine Translationcited by 16
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- 2021Duplex Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Reversible Machine Translationcited by 9
- 2021Non-autoregressive End-to-end Speech Translation with Parallel Autoregressive Rescoringcited by 9
- 2023CTC-based Non-autoregressive Speech Translationcited by 9
- 2023DASpeech: Directed Acyclic Transformer for Fast and High-quality Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 9
- 2023Simultaneous Machine Translation with Tailored Referencecited by 9
- 2021NAST: Non-Autoregressive Spatial-Temporal Transformer for Time Series Forecastingcited by 8
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- 2023Non-autoregressive Text Editing with Copy-aware Latent Alignmentscited by 8
50 most cited of 103 All 103 (JSON)
- 2026Efficient One-to-Many Translation with Joint Multi-Stream Diffusion14 Sep 2026
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- 2025Curriculum Learning for Biological Sequence Prediction: The Case of De Novo Peptide Sequencing16 Jun 2025
38 more
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- 2024Decoding at the Speed of Thought: Harnessing Parallel Decoding of Lexical Units for LLMs24 May 2024
- 2024What Have We Achieved on Non-autoregressive Translation?21 May 2024
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- 2024On the Information Redundancy in Non-Autoregressive Translation4 May 2024
- 2024Control-DAG: Constrained Decoding for Non-Autoregressive Directed Acyclic T5 using Weighted Finite State Automata10 Apr 2024
- 2024BAMM: Bidirectional Autoregressive Motion Model28 Mar 2024
- 2024Improving Non-autoregressive Machine Translation with Error Exposure and Consistency Regularization15 Feb 2024
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- 2023IPAD: Iterative, Parallel, and Diffusion-based Network for Scene Text Recognition19 Dec 2023
- 2023MMM: Generative Masked Motion Model6 Dec 2023
- 2023DEED: Dynamic Early Exit on Decoder for Accelerating Encoder-Decoder Transformer Models15 Nov 2023
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- 2023Simultaneous Machine Translation with Tailored Reference20 Oct 2023
- 2023Attentive Multi-Layer Perceptron for Non-autoregressive Generation14 Oct 2023
- 2023Non-autoregressive Text Editing with Copy-aware Latent Alignments11 Oct 2023
- 2023DASpeech: Directed Acyclic Transformer for Fast and High-quality Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Oct 2023
- 2023Glancing Future for Simultaneous Machine Translation12 Sep 2023
- 2023INK: Injecting kNN Knowledge in Nearest Neighbor Machine Translation10 Jun 2023
- 2023Improving Non-autoregressive Translation Quality with Pretrained Language Model, Embedding Distillation and Upsampling Strategy for CTC10 Jun 2023
- 2023T3L: Translate-and-Test Transfer Learning for Cross-Lingual Text Classification8 Jun 2023
- 2023CTC-based Non-autoregressive Speech Translation27 May 2023
- 2023Revisiting Non-Autoregressive Translation at Scale25 May 2023
- 2023Optimizing Non-Autoregressive Transformers with Contrastive Learning23 May 2023
- 2023Extrapolating Multilingual Understanding Models as Multilingual Generators22 May 2023
- 2023Non-Autoregressive Document-Level Machine Translation22 May 2023
- 2023Accelerating Transformer Inference for Translation via Parallel Decoding17 May 2023
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generation6 May 2023
- 2023Importance Weighted Expectation-Maximization for Protein Sequence Design30 Apr 2023
- 2023Directed Acyclic Transformer Pre-training for High-quality Non-autoregressive Text Generation24 Apr 2023
- 2023AMOM: Adaptive Masking over Masking for Conditional Masked Language Model13 Mar 2023
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- 2024Unlocking Efficiency in Large Language Model Inference: A Comprehensive Survey of Speculative Decodingcited by 269
- 2022Speculative Decoding: Exploiting Speculative Execution for Accelerating Seq2seq Generationcited by 171
- 2023Accelerating Transformer Inference for Translation via Parallel Decodingcited by 124
- 2023DEED: Dynamic Early Exit on Decoder for Accelerating Encoder-Decoder Transformer Modelscited by 7
- 2023Lformer: Text-to-Image Generation with L-shape Block Parallel Decodingcited by 5
- 2022Helping the Weak Makes You Strong: Simple Multi-Task Learning Improves Non-Autoregressive Translatorscited by 1
- 2025Confidence-Modulated Speculative Decoding for Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Confidence-Modulated Speculative Decoding for Large Language Models21 Aug 2025
- 2024Unlocking Efficiency in Large Language Model Inference: A Comprehensive Survey of Speculative Decoding15 Jan 2024
- 2023DEED: Dynamic Early Exit on Decoder for Accelerating Encoder-Decoder Transformer Models15 Nov 2023
- 2023Accelerating Transformer Inference for Translation via Parallel Decoding17 May 2023
- 2023Lformer: Text-to-Image Generation with L-shape Block Parallel Decoding7 Mar 2023
- 2022Helping the Weak Makes You Strong: Simple Multi-Task Learning Improves Non-Autoregressive Translators11 Nov 2022
- 2022Speculative Decoding: Exploiting Speculative Execution for Accelerating Seq2seq Generation30 Mar 2022
- 2022DiffuSeq: Sequence to Sequence Text Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 450
- 2025Seed Diffusion: A Large-Scale Diffusion Language Model with High-Speed Inferencecited by 178
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generationcited by 21
- 2026Reconsidering Positional Supervision in Masked Diffusion Language Model Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Length-Adaptive Decoding for Masked Diffusion Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2026A Ticket from Marginals to Joints: Coupled-Noise Distillation for One-Step Block Generation in Diffusion Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026A Ticket from Marginals to Joints: Coupled-Noise Distillation for One-Step Block Generation in Diffusion Language Models6 Sep 2026
- 2026Length-Adaptive Decoding for Masked Diffusion Machine Translation23 Aug 2026
- 2026Reconsidering Positional Supervision in Masked Diffusion Language Model Training30 Jan 2026
- 2025Seed Diffusion: A Large-Scale Diffusion Language Model with High-Speed Inference4 Aug 2025
- 2023Diffusion-NAT: Self-Prompting Discrete Diffusion for Non-Autoregressive Text Generation6 May 2023
- 2022DiffuSeq: Sequence to Sequence Text Generation with Diffusion Models17 Oct 2022
- 2022Bootstrapped Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 37
- 2022Bootstrapped Transformer for Offline Reinforcement Learning17 Jun 2022
- 2022CogView2: Faster and Better Text-to-Image Generation via Hierarchical Transformerscited by 307
- 2022Paraformer: Fast and Accurate Parallel Transformer for Non-autoregressive End-to-End Speech Recognitioncited by 144
- 2023MMM: Generative Masked Motion Modelcited by 131
- 2022A Survey on Non-Autoregressive Generation for Neural Machine Translation and Beyondcited by 64
- 2021Order-Agnostic Cross Entropy for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translationcited by 57
- 2024BAMM: Bidirectional Autoregressive Motion Modelcited by 55
- 2022Revisiting Some Common Practices in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 32
- 2022Draft-and-Revise: Effective Image Generation with Contextual RQ-Transformercited by 30
- 2022On the Learning of Non-Autoregressive Transformerscited by 27
- 2021Non-Autoregressive Translation by Learning Target Categorical Codescited by 25
- 2022CTC Alignments Improve Autoregressive Translationcited by 25
- 2021AligNART: Non-autoregressive Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Estimate Alignment and Translatecited by 24
12 most cited of 86 All 86 (JSON)
- 2026Efficient One-to-Many Translation with Joint Multi-Stream Diffusion14 Sep 2026
- 2026SPD: Single Pass Decoding for Generative Reranking1 Sep 2026
- 2026Fully Rotation-Equivariant Spectral-Spatial Learning for Multispectral Object Detection6 Jul 2026
- 2025Bidirectional Representations Augmented Autoregressive Biological Sequence Generation9 Oct 2025
- 2025Transformer-Encoder Trees for Efficient Multilingual Machine Translation and Speech Translation22 Sep 2025
- 2025Enhancing the Robustness of Contextual ASR to Varying Biasing Information Volumes Through Purified Semantic Correlation Joint Modeling7 Sep 2025
- 2025Curriculum Learning for Biological Sequence Prediction: The Case of De Novo Peptide Sequencing16 Jun 2025
- 2024The Mystery of the Pathological Path-star Task for Language Models17 Oct 2024
- 2024Promises and Pitfalls of Generative Masked Language Modeling: Theoretical Framework and Practical Guidelines22 Jul 2024
- 2024NARRepair: Non-Autoregressive Code Generation Model for Automatic Program Repair24 Jun 2024
- 2024CTC-based Non-autoregressive Textless Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Jun 2024
- 2024A Non-autoregressive Generation Framework for End-to-End Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Jun 2024
12 newest of 86 All 86 (JSON)