mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Computer-Generated Music for Tabletop Role-Playing Games

arXiv 2008.07009 ↗First posted 16 Aug 2020cs.SD cs.LG eess.AScited by 23

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper we present Bardo Composer, a system to generate background music for tabletop role-playing games. Bardo Composer uses a speech recognition system to translate player speech into text, which is classified according to a model of emotion. Bardo Composer then uses Stochastic Bi-Objective Beam Search, a variant of Stochastic Beam Search that we introduce in this paper, with a neural model to generate musical pieces conveying the desired emotion. We performed a user study with 116 participants to evaluate whether people are able to correctly identify the emotion conveyed in the pieces generated by the system. In our study we used pieces generated for Call of the Wild, a Dungeons and Dragons campaign available on YouTube. Our results show that human subjects could correctly identify the emotion of the generated music pieces as accurately as they were able to identify the emotion of pieces written by humans.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Aug 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 7.

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  1. 2023Games for Artificial Intelligence Research: A Review and Perspectivescited by 14
  2. 2022Controlling Perceived Emotion in Symbolic Music Generation with Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 11
  3. 2022Generating music with sentiment using Transformer-GANscited by 11
  4. 2024GPT for Games: A Scoping Review (2020-2023)cited by 10
  5. 2024GPT for Games: An Updated Scoping Review (2020-2024)cited by 10
  6. 2023AI-Based Affective Music Generation Systems: A Review of Methods, and Challengescited by 9
  7. 2022ComMU: Dataset for Combinatorial Music Generationcited by 8
  8. 2023N-Gram Unsupervised Compoundation and Feature Injection for Better Symbolic Music Understandingcited by 5
  9. 2025ABC-Eval: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Symbolic Music Understanding and Instruction Followingcited by 5
  10. 2023EmoGen: Eliminating Subjective Bias in Emotional Music Generationcited by 4
  11. 2024The NES Video-Music Database: A Dataset of Symbolic Video Game Music Paired with Gameplay Videoscited by 4
  12. 2024Emotion-driven Piano Music Generation via Two-stage Disentanglement and Functional Representationcited by 4
11 more
  1. 2022A Novel Multi-Task Learning Method for Symbolic Music Emotion Recognitioncited by 3
  2. 2024Quantifying the Corpus Bias Problem in Automatic Music Transcription Systemscited by 3
  3. 2025Overhearing LLM Agents: A Survey, Taxonomy, and Roadmapcited by 3
  4. 2023Emotion-Conditioned Melody Harmonization with Hierarchical Variational Autoencodercited by 2
  5. 2023MusER: Musical Element-Based Regularization for Generating Symbolic Music with Emotioncited by 2
  6. 2025Sound and Music Biases in Deep Music Transcription Models: A Systematic Analysiscited by 2
  7. 2024Long-Form Text-to-Music Generation with Adaptive Prompts: A Case Study in Tabletop Role-Playing Games Soundtrackscited by 0
  8. 2025First Steps Towards Overhearing LLM Agents: A Case Study With Dungeons & Dragons Gameplaycited by 0
  9. 2025Explicit Tonal Tension Conditioning via Dual-Level Beam Search for Symbolic Music Generationcited by 0
  10. 2025Story2MIDI: Emotionally Aligned Music Generation from Textcited by 0
  11. 2025Let the Model Learn to Feel: Mode-Guided Tonality Injection for Symbolic Music Emotion Recognitioncited by 0