Generating music with sentiment using Transformer-GANs
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Abstract (arXiv)
The field of Automatic Music Generation has seen significant progress thanks to the advent of Deep Learning. However, most of these results have been produced by unconditional models, which lack the ability to interact with their users, not allowing them to guide the generative process in meaningful and practical ways. Moreover, synthesizing music that remains coherent across longer timescales while still capturing the local aspects that make it sound ``realistic'' or ``human-like'' is still challenging. This is due to the large computational requirements needed to work with long sequences of data, and also to limitations imposed by the training schemes that are often employed. In this paper, we propose a generative model of symbolic music conditioned by data retrieved from human sentiment. The model is a Transformer-GAN trained with labels that correspond to different configurations of the valence and arousal dimensions that quantitatively represent human affective states. We try to tackle both of the problems above by employing an efficient linear version of Attention and using a Discriminator both as a tool to improve the overall quality of the generated music and its ability to follow the conditioning signals.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Dec 2022.
Builds on
32 of 49 references.
References · 32
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20 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
11 papers.
- 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Textcited by 52
- 2023The Ethical Implications of Generative Audio Models: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 18
- 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Surveycited by 10
- 2023AI-Based Affective Music Generation Systems: A Review of Methods, and Challengescited by 9
- 2023EmoGen: Eliminating Subjective Bias in Emotional Music Generationcited by 5
- 2024Emotion-driven Piano Music Generation via Two-stage Disentanglement and Functional Representationcited by 5
- 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio modelscited by 3
- 2023From Words to Music: A Study of Subword Tokenization Techniques in Symbolic Music Generationcited by 2
- 2023MusER: Musical Element-Based Regularization for Generating Symbolic Music with Emotioncited by 2
- 2025Diffusion-based Symbolic Music Generation with Structured State Space Modelscited by 2
- 2024MMT-BERT: Chord-aware Symbolic Music Generation Based on Multitrack Music Transformer and MusicBERTcited by 1
- 2025Diffusion-based Symbolic Music Generation with Structured State Space Models27 Jul 2025
- 2024MMT-BERT: Chord-aware Symbolic Music Generation Based on Multitrack Music Transformer and MusicBERT2 Sep 2024
- 2024Emotion-driven Piano Music Generation via Two-stage Disentanglement and Functional Representation30 Jul 2024
- 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Survey27 Feb 2024
- 2023MusER: Musical Element-Based Regularization for Generating Symbolic Music with Emotion16 Dec 2023
- 2023IteraTTA: An interface for exploring both text prompts and audio priors in generating music with text-to-audio models24 Jul 2023
- 2023The Ethical Implications of Generative Audio Models: A Systematic Literature Review7 Jul 2023
- 2023EmoGen: Eliminating Subjective Bias in Emotional Music Generation3 Jul 2023
- 2023MuseCoco: Generating Symbolic Music from Text31 May 2023
- 2023From Words to Music: A Study of Subword Tokenization Techniques in Symbolic Music Generation18 Apr 2023
- 2023AI-Based Affective Music Generation Systems: A Review of Methods, and Challenges10 Jan 2023