SemEval-2020 Task 8: Memotion Analysis -- The Visuo-Lingual Metaphor!
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Abstract (arXiv)
Information on social media comprises of various modalities such as textual, visual and audio. NLP and Computer Vision communities often leverage only one prominent modality in isolation to study social media. However, the computational processing of Internet memes needs a hybrid approach. The growing ubiquity of Internet memes on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twiter further suggests that we can not ignore such multimodal content anymore. To the best of our knowledge, there is not much attention towards meme emotion analysis. The objective of this proposal is to bring the attention of the research community towards the automatic processing of Internet memes. The task Memotion analysis released approx 10K annotated memes, with human-annotated labels namely sentiment (positive, negative, neutral), type of emotion (sarcastic, funny, offensive, motivation) and their corresponding intensity. The challenge consisted of three subtasks: sentiment (positive, negative, and neutral) analysis of memes, overall emotion (humour, sarcasm, offensive, and motivational) classification of memes, and classifying intensity of meme emotion. The best performances achieved were F1 (macro average) scores of 0.35, 0.51 and 0.32, respectively for each of the three subtasks.
Key facts. Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 7; 2023: 17; 2024: 12; 2025: 16; 2026: 17.
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- 2021MOMENTA: A Multimodal Framework for Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targetscited by 85
- 2021Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targetscited by 77
- 2024MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platformscited by 26
- 2024Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: A Taxonomy and a Survey of the State of the Artcited by 26
- 2023Improving Hateful Meme Detection through Retrieval-Guided Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2022What do you MEME? Generating Explanations for Visual Semantic Role Labelling in Memescited by 18
- 2023Characterizing the Entities in Harmful Memes: Who is the Hero, the Villain, the Victim?cited by 14
- 2021AOMD: An Analogy-aware Approach to Offensive Meme Detection on Social Mediacited by 13
- 2024Toxic Memes: A Survey of Computational Perspectives on the Detection and Explanation of Meme Toxicitiescited by 13
- 2021Towards Expressive Communication with Internet Memes: A New Multimodal Conversation Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 12
- 2023TotalDefMeme: A Multi-Attribute Meme dataset on Total Defence in Singaporecited by 12
- 2024MemeMQA: Multimodal Question Answering for Memes via Rationale-Based Inferencingcited by 12
38 more
- 2025Are Vision-Language Models Safe in the Wild? A Meme-Based Benchmark Studycited by 12
- 2023MEMEX: Detecting Explanatory Evidence for Memes via Knowledge-Enriched Contextualizationcited by 11
- 2025MIEB: Massive Image Embedding Benchmarkcited by 11
- 2021Exercise? I thought you said 'Extra Fries': Leveraging Sentence Demarcations and Multi-hop Attention for Meme Affect Analysiscited by 9
- 2024MemeCraft: Contextual and Stance-Driven Multimodal Meme Generationcited by 9
- 2023HateProof: Are Hateful Meme Detection Systems really Robust?cited by 7
- 2021Memotion Analysis through the Lens of Joint Embeddingcited by 6
- 2023MemeFier: Dual-stage Modality Fusion for Image Meme Classificationcited by 6
- 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classificationcited by 6
- 2024Bag of Tricks for Multimodal AutoML with Image, Text, and Tabular Datacited by 6
- 2021Multimodal Analysis of memes for sentiment extractioncited by 5
- 2022BLUE at Memotion 2.0 2022: You have my Image, my Text and my Transformercited by 5
- 2023PromptMTopic: Unsupervised Multimodal Topic Modeling of Memes using Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026MemeLens: Multilingual Multitask VLMs for Memescited by 5
- 2022TIB-VA at SemEval-2022 Task 5: A Multimodal Architecture for the Detection and Classification of Misogynous Memescited by 4
- 2023Seeing the Intangible: Survey of Image Classification into High-Level and Abstract Categoriescited by 4
- 2024Chumor 2.0: Towards Benchmarking Chinese Humor Understandingcited by 4
- 2024SAFE-MEME: Structured Reasoning Framework for Robust Hate Speech Detection in Memescited by 4
- 2025Task-Core Memory Management and Consolidation for Long-term Continual Learningcited by 4
- 2025A Multimodal-Multitask Framework with Cross-modal Relation and Hierarchical Interactive Attention for Semantic Comprehensioncited by 4
- 2021An Interpretable Approach to Hateful Meme Detectioncited by 3
- 2024Chumor 1.0: A Truly Funny and Challenging Chinese Humor Understanding Dataset from Ruo Zhi Bacited by 3
- 2025Deceptive Humor: A Synthetic Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for Bridging Fabricated Claims with Humorous Contentcited by 3
- 2025What Media Frames Reveal About Stance: A Dataset and Study about Memes in Climate Change Discoursecited by 3
- 2026M-QUEST -- Meme Question-Understanding Evaluation on Semantics and Toxicitycited by 3
- 2022Domain-aware Self-supervised Pre-training for Label-Efficient Meme Analysiscited by 2
- 2023NUAA-QMUL-AIIT at Memotion 3: Multi-modal Fusion with Squeeze-and-Excitation for Internet Meme Emotion Analysiscited by 2
- 2023SemiMemes: A Semi-supervised Learning Approach for Multimodal Memes Analysiscited by 2
- 2023Overview of Memotion 3: Sentiment and Emotion Analysis of Codemixed Hinglish Memescited by 2
- 2024What Makes a Meme a Meme? Identifying Memes for Memetics-Aware Dataset Creationcited by 2
- 2025Large Vision-Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Data Annotation of Memescited by 2
- 2025On VLMs for Diverse Tasks in Multimodal Meme Classificationcited by 2
- 2026I Came, I Saw, I Explained: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs on Figurative Meaning in Memescited by 2
- 2022This Must Be the Place: Predicting Engagement of Online Communities in a Large-scale Distributed Campaigncited by 1
- 2023Meme Sentiment Analysis Enhanced with Multimodal Spatial Encoding and Facial Embeddingcited by 1
- 2023Unimodal Intermediate Training for Multimodal Meme Sentiment Classificationcited by 1
- 2023Is GPT Powerful Enough to Analyze the Emotions of Memes?cited by 1
- 2023Explainable Multimodal Sentiment Analysis on Bengali Memescited by 1
50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)
- 2026Small Cues, Big Consequences: Learning Pivotal Cues for Multimodal Meme Classification22 Sep 2026
- 2026Emotion Experience, Expression, and Perception: Emotion Analysis on Multimodal Social Media Posts16 Sep 2026
- 2026MemeCULT-1K: Benchmarking South Asian Cultural Context and Humor Understanding of Multimodal Models1 Sep 2026
- 2026MemeBridge: A Dataset for Benchmarking and Mitigating the Bidirectional Cultural Gap in Meme Interpretation31 Aug 2026
- 2026TransMeme: A Multi-Agent Framework for Cross-Cultural Meme Transcreation27 Aug 2026
- 2026Fusion Anything: A Generalized Multimodal Foundation Model16 Aug 2026
- 2026Computational Humor with Multimodal LLMs: Methods, Datasets, Evaluation, and Challenges21 Jul 2026
- 2026SocialPersona: Benchmarking Personalized Profiling and Response with Multimodal Social-Media Context25 Jun 2026
- 2026Multimodal Sexism Identification and Characterization using Large Language Models and Gradient Boosting4 Jun 2026
- 2026Retrieval-Augmented Generation Must Move Beyond Factual Grounding to Represent Diverse Opinions13 Apr 2026
- 2026Xuanwu: Evolving General Multimodal Models into an Industrial-Grade Foundation for Content Ecosystems31 Mar 2026
- 2026I Came, I Saw, I Explained: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs on Figurative Meaning in Memes24 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026Harm or Humor: A Multimodal, Multilingual Benchmark for Overt and Covert Harmful Humor18 Mar 2026
- 2026M-QUEST -- Meme Question-Understanding Evaluation on Semantics and Toxicity9 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond Translation: Cross-Cultural Meme Transcreation with Vision-Language Models23 Jan 2026
- 2026Memes-as-Replies: Can Models Select Humorous Manga Panel Responses?21 Jan 2026
- 2026MemeLens: Multilingual Multitask VLMs for Memes18 Jan 2026
- 2025MAMA-Memeia! Multi-Aspect Multi-Agent Collaboration for Depressive Symptoms Identification in Memes31 Dec 2025
- 2025From Perception to Punchline: Empowering VLM with the Art of In-the-wild Meme31 Dec 2025
- 2025MULTIBENCH++: A Unified and Comprehensive Multimodal Fusion Benchmarking Across Specialized Domains9 Nov 2025
- 2025DeHate: A Stable Diffusion-based Multimodal Approach to Mitigate Hate Speech in Images26 Sep 2025
- 2025A Multimodal-Multitask Framework with Cross-modal Relation and Hierarchical Interactive Attention for Semantic Comprehension22 Aug 2025
- 2025Beyond Meme Templates: Limitations of Visual Similarity Measures in Meme Matching5 Aug 2025
- 2025MemeCMD: An Automatically Generated Chinese Multi-turn Dialogue Dataset with Contextually Retrieved Memes1 Jul 2025
- 2025Decoding Memes: Benchmarking Narrative Role Classification across Multilingual and Multimodal Models29 Jun 2025
- 2025On VLMs for Diverse Tasks in Multimodal Meme Classification27 May 2025
- 2025What Media Frames Reveal About Stance: A Dataset and Study about Memes in Climate Change Discourse22 May 2025
- 2025Are Vision-Language Models Safe in the Wild? A Meme-Based Benchmark Study21 May 2025
- 2025EmoGist: Efficient In-Context Learning for Visual Emotion Understanding20 May 2025
- 2025Task-Core Memory Management and Consolidation for Long-term Continual Learning15 May 2025
- 2025MIEB: Massive Image Embedding Benchmark14 Apr 2025
- 2025Deceptive Humor: A Synthetic Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for Bridging Fabricated Claims with Humorous Content20 Mar 2025
- 2025Large Vision-Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Data Annotation of Memes23 Jan 2025
- 2024SAFE-MEME: Structured Reasoning Framework for Robust Hate Speech Detection in Memes29 Dec 2024
- 2024Chumor 2.0: Towards Benchmarking Chinese Humor Understanding23 Dec 2024
- 2024Bag of Tricks for Multimodal AutoML with Image, Text, and Tabular Data19 Dec 2024
- 2024MetaphorShare: A Dynamic Collaborative Repository of Open Metaphor Datasets27 Nov 2024
- 2024What Makes a Meme a Meme? Identifying Memes for Memetics-Aware Dataset Creation16 Jul 2024
- 2024Chumor 1.0: A Truly Funny and Challenging Chinese Humor Understanding Dataset from Ruo Zhi Ba18 Jun 2024
- 2024Toxic Memes: A Survey of Computational Perspectives on the Detection and Explanation of Meme Toxicities11 Jun 2024
- 2024Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: A Taxonomy and a Survey of the State of the Art6 Jun 2024
- 2024MemeMQA: Multimodal Question Answering for Memes via Rationale-Based Inferencing18 May 2024
- 2024MemeCraft: Contextual and Stance-Driven Multimodal Meme Generation24 Feb 2024
- 2024MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platforms21 Feb 2024
- 2024Systematic Literature Review: Computational Approaches for Humour Style Classification30 Jan 2024
- 2023Explainable Multimodal Sentiment Analysis on Bengali Memes20 Dec 2023
- 2023MATK: The Meme Analytical Tool Kit11 Dec 2023
- 2023PromptMTopic: Unsupervised Multimodal Topic Modeling of Memes using Large Language Models11 Dec 2023
- 2023Improving Hateful Meme Detection through Retrieval-Guided Contrastive Learning14 Nov 2023
- 2023Is GPT Powerful Enough to Analyze the Emotions of Memes?1 Nov 2023
50 newest of 77 All 77 (JSON)
- 2024MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platformscited by 26
- 2025Are Vision-Language Models Safe in the Wild? A Meme-Based Benchmark Studycited by 12
- 2025Large Vision-Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Data Annotation of Memescited by 2
- 2025On VLMs for Diverse Tasks in Multimodal Meme Classificationcited by 2
- 2026I Came, I Saw, I Explained: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs on Figurative Meaning in Memescited by 2
- 2026Beyond Translation: Cross-Cultural Meme Transcreation with Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Computational Humor with Multimodal LLMs: Methods, Datasets, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 0
- 2026MemeCULT-1K: Benchmarking South Asian Cultural Context and Humor Understanding of Multimodal Modelscited by 0
- 2026MemeCULT-1K: Benchmarking South Asian Cultural Context and Humor Understanding of Multimodal Models1 Sep 2026
- 2026Computational Humor with Multimodal LLMs: Methods, Datasets, Evaluation, and Challenges21 Jul 2026
- 2026I Came, I Saw, I Explained: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs on Figurative Meaning in Memes24 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Translation: Cross-Cultural Meme Transcreation with Vision-Language Models23 Jan 2026
- 2025On VLMs for Diverse Tasks in Multimodal Meme Classification27 May 2025
- 2025Are Vision-Language Models Safe in the Wild? A Meme-Based Benchmark Study21 May 2025
- 2025Large Vision-Language Models for Knowledge-Grounded Data Annotation of Memes23 Jan 2025
- 2024MM-Soc: Benchmarking Multimodal Large Language Models in Social Media Platforms21 Feb 2024
- 2021MOMENTA: A Multimodal Framework for Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targetscited by 85
- 2021Detecting Harmful Memes and Their Targetscited by 77
- 2024Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: A Taxonomy and a Survey of the State of the Artcited by 26
- 2023Improving Hateful Meme Detection through Retrieval-Guided Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2022What do you MEME? Generating Explanations for Visual Semantic Role Labelling in Memescited by 18
- 2023Characterizing the Entities in Harmful Memes: Who is the Hero, the Villain, the Victim?cited by 14
- 2021AOMD: An Analogy-aware Approach to Offensive Meme Detection on Social Mediacited by 13
- 2024Toxic Memes: A Survey of Computational Perspectives on the Detection and Explanation of Meme Toxicitiescited by 13
- 2021Towards Expressive Communication with Internet Memes: A New Multimodal Conversation Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 12
- 2023TotalDefMeme: A Multi-Attribute Meme dataset on Total Defence in Singaporecited by 12
- 2024MemeMQA: Multimodal Question Answering for Memes via Rationale-Based Inferencingcited by 12
- 2023MEMEX: Detecting Explanatory Evidence for Memes via Knowledge-Enriched Contextualizationcited by 11
12 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)
- 2026Small Cues, Big Consequences: Learning Pivotal Cues for Multimodal Meme Classification22 Sep 2026
- 2026Emotion Experience, Expression, and Perception: Emotion Analysis on Multimodal Social Media Posts16 Sep 2026
- 2026MemeBridge: A Dataset for Benchmarking and Mitigating the Bidirectional Cultural Gap in Meme Interpretation31 Aug 2026
- 2026Fusion Anything: A Generalized Multimodal Foundation Model16 Aug 2026
- 2026SocialPersona: Benchmarking Personalized Profiling and Response with Multimodal Social-Media Context25 Jun 2026
- 2026Multimodal Sexism Identification and Characterization using Large Language Models and Gradient Boosting4 Jun 2026
- 2026Xuanwu: Evolving General Multimodal Models into an Industrial-Grade Foundation for Content Ecosystems31 Mar 2026
- 2026Harm or Humor: A Multimodal, Multilingual Benchmark for Overt and Covert Harmful Humor18 Mar 2026
- 2026M-QUEST -- Meme Question-Understanding Evaluation on Semantics and Toxicity9 Feb 2026
- 2026Memes-as-Replies: Can Models Select Humorous Manga Panel Responses?21 Jan 2026
- 2026MemeLens: Multilingual Multitask VLMs for Memes18 Jan 2026
- 2025MAMA-Memeia! Multi-Aspect Multi-Agent Collaboration for Depressive Symptoms Identification in Memes31 Dec 2025
12 newest of 65 All 65 (JSON)