A Self-supervised Approach for Adversarial Robustness
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Abstract (arXiv)
Adversarial examples can cause catastrophic mistakes in Deep Neural Network (DNNs) based vision systems e.g., for classification, segmentation and object detection. The vulnerability of DNNs against such attacks can prove a major roadblock towards their real-world deployment. Transferability of adversarial examples demand generalizable defenses that can provide cross-task protection. Adversarial training that enhances robustness by modifying target model's parameters lacks such generalizability. On the other hand, different input processing based defenses fall short in the face of continuously evolving attacks. In this paper, we take the first step to combine the benefits of both approaches and propose a self-supervised adversarial training mechanism in the input space. By design, our defense is a generalizable approach and provides significant robustness against the unseen adversarial attacks (eg by reducing the success rate of translation-invariant ensemble attack from 82.6% to 31.9% in comparison to previous state-of-the-art). It can be deployed as a plug-and-play solution to protect a variety of vision systems, as we demonstrate for the case of classification, segmentation and detection. Code is available at: smallurlhttps://github.com/Muzammal-Naseer/NRP.
Key facts. Cited by 180 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 28; 2022: 25; 2023: 55; 2024: 28; 2025: 34; 2026: 10.
180 papers.
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- 2021Enhancing the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks through Variance Tuningcited by 242
- 2023Better Diffusion Models Further Improve Adversarial Trainingcited by 207
- 2021Admix: Enhancing the Transferability of Adversarial Attackscited by 155
- 2022Frequency Domain Model Augmentation for Adversarial Attackcited by 128
- 2021Advances in adversarial attacks and defenses in computer vision: A surveycited by 127
- 2023AdvCLIP: Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples in Multimodal Contrastive Learningcited by 101
- 2023Diffusion Models for Imperceptible and Transferable Adversarial Attackcited by 93
- 2023Rethinking Model Ensemble in Transfer-based Adversarial Attackscited by 88
- 2021Stochastic Variance Reduced Ensemble Adversarial Attack for Boosting the Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 84
- 2022Boosting the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks with Reverse Adversarial Perturbationcited by 67
- 2023VLATTACK: Multimodal Adversarial Attacks on Vision-Language Tasks via Pre-trained Modelscited by 66
- 2021On Generating Transferable Targeted Perturbationscited by 65
38 more
- 2023Boosting Adversarial Transferability by Block Shuffle and Rotationcited by 64
- 2023Structure Invariant Transformation for better Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 61
- 2021Rebooting ACGAN: Auxiliary Classifier GANs with Stable Trainingcited by 57
- 2023Boosting Adversarial Transferability by Achieving Flat Local Maximacited by 48
- 2023AdvDiff: Generating Unrestricted Adversarial Examples using Diffusion Modelscited by 46
- 2021Online Adversarial Purification based on Self-Supervisioncited by 45
- 2022Beyond ImageNet Attack: Towards Crafting Adversarial Examples for Black-box Domainscited by 42
- 2023An Adaptive Model Ensemble Adversarial Attack for Boosting Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 42
- 2021Biometrics: Trust, but Verifycited by 39
- 2024One Perturbation is Enough: On Generating Universal Adversarial Perturbations against Vision-Language Pre-training Modelscited by 39
- 2022Natural Color Fool: Towards Boosting Black-box Unrestricted Attackscited by 38
- 2023Diversifying the High-level Features for better Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 34
- 2023Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examplescited by 32
- 2024DarkSAM: Fooling Segment Anything Model to Segment Nothingcited by 32
- 2021Unified Detection of Digital and Physical Face Attackscited by 31
- 2022Boosting the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks with Global Momentum Initializationcited by 29
- 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability via Intermediate-level Perturbation Decaycited by 29
- 2023Rethinking the Backward Propagation for Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 27
- 2024Learning to Transform Dynamically for Better Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 23
- 2021Adaptive Image Transformations for Transfer-based Adversarial Attackcited by 22
- 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability by Stable Diffusioncited by 22
- 2024Adversarial Attacks of Vision Tasks in the Past 10 Years: A Surveycited by 22
- 2024Securely Fine-tuning Pre-trained Encoders Against Adversarial Examplescited by 21
- 2023Defending against Adversarial Audio via Diffusion Modelcited by 20
- 2023Logit Margin Matters: Improving Transferable Targeted Adversarial Attack by Logit Calibrationcited by 18
- 2022Is Self-Supervised Learning More Robust Than Supervised Learning?cited by 17
- 2021Improving the Adversarial Robustness for Speaker Verification by Self-Supervised Learningcited by 16
- 2022Pre-trained Adversarial Perturbationscited by 16
- 2022Strong Transferable Adversarial Attacks via Ensembled Asymptotically Normal Distribution Learningcited by 15
- 2021Two Coupled Rejection Metrics Can Tell Adversarial Examples Apartcited by 14
- 2022Towards Good Practices in Evaluating Transfer Adversarial Attackscited by 14
- 2023Defenses in Adversarial Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 14
- 2021Learning to Learn Transferable Attackcited by 13
- 2022Improving Adversarial Robustness via Mutual Information Estimationcited by 13
- 2022GAMA: Generative Adversarial Multi-Object Scene Attackscited by 13
- 2023Improving the Transferability of Adversarial Examples with Arbitrary Style Transfercited by 13
- 2021Learning Diverse-Structured Networks for Adversarial Robustnesscited by 12
- 2021Adversarial example generation with AdaBelief Optimizer and Crop Invariancecited by 12
50 most cited of 180 All 180 (JSON)
- 2026WARP: A Unified Benchmark for Invisible Image Watermarking -- Robustness and Protection Against Attacks30 Sep 2026
- 2026Perspective-Invariant Attack with Enhanced Transferability of Adversarial Examples15 Aug 2026
- 2026Adversarially Guided Diffusion for LiDAR Range Image Synthesis8 Jul 2026
- 2026On Adversarial Vulnerability of Vision-Language Models through the Lens of Intermediate Spectral Subspaces8 Jul 2026
- 2026If you're waiting for a sign... that might not be it! Mitigating Trust Boundary Confusion from Visual Injections on Vision-Language Agentic Systems21 Apr 2026
- 2026Penny Wise, Pixel Foolish: Bypassing Price Constraints in Multimodal Agents via Visual Adversarial Perturbations15 Apr 2026
- 2026Latent Transfer Attack: Adversarial Examples via Generative Latent Spaces6 Mar 2026
- 2026Devling into Adversarial Transferability on Image Classification: Review, Benchmark, and Evaluation26 Feb 2026
- 2026Zero-Sacrifice Persistent-Robustness Adversarial Defense for Pre-Trained Encoders10 Feb 2026
- 2026Grounding-Driven Attack: Improving Encoder-based Adversarial Transferability against Large Vision-Language Models10 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Adversarial Transferability through Block Stretch and Shrink21 Nov 2025
- 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability via Ensemble Non-Attention12 Nov 2025
38 more
- 2025Deep learning models are vulnerable, but adversarial examples are even more vulnerable7 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Deceptive Flatness: Dual-Order Solution for Strengthening Adversarial Transferability3 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Adversarial Transferability by Balancing Exploration and Exploitation with Gradient-Guided Sampling1 Nov 2025
- 2025Latent Danger Zone: Distilling Unified Attention for Cross-Architecture Black-box Attacks23 Sep 2025
- 2025Enhancing Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Large Vision-Language Models via Intermediate Projector19 Aug 2025
- 2025DASH: A Meta-Attack Framework for Synthesizing Effective and Stealthy Adversarial Examples18 Aug 2025
- 2025Adversarial Attacks on VQA-NLE: Exposing and Alleviating Inconsistencies in Visual Question Answering Explanations17 Aug 2025
- 2025ViT-EnsembleAttack: Augmenting Ensemble Models for Stronger Adversarial Transferability in Vision Transformers17 Aug 2025
- 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability via Residual Perturbation Attack6 Aug 2025
- 2025Disrupting Semantic and Abstract Features for Better Adversarial Transferability21 Jul 2025
- 2025ScoreAdv: Score-based Targeted Generation of Natural Adversarial Examples via Diffusion Models8 Jul 2025
- 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability Against Defenses via Multi-Scale Transformation2 Jul 2025
- 2025Improving Black-Box Generative Attacks via Generator Semantic Consistency23 Jun 2025
- 2025Defensive Adversarial CAPTCHA: A Semantics-Driven Framework for Natural Adversarial Example Generation12 Jun 2025
- 2025Sample-Specific Noise Injection For Diffusion-Based Adversarial Purification6 Jun 2025
- 2025Coordinated Robustness Evaluation Framework for Vision-Language Models5 Jun 2025
- 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability via High-Frequency Augmentation and Hierarchical-Gradient Fusion27 May 2025
- 2025TRAIL: Transferable Robust Adversarial Images via Latent diffusion22 May 2025
- 2025Revealing Hidden Vulnerabilities in Autoencoders through Gradient Signal Restoration6 May 2025
- 2025Diffusion-based Adversarial Purification from the Perspective of the Frequency Domain2 May 2025
- 2025Towards Model Resistant to Transferable Adversarial Examples via Trigger Activation20 Apr 2025
- 2025Rethinking Target Label Conditioning in Adversarial Attacks: A 2D Tensor-Guided Generative Approach19 Apr 2025
- 2025SelfMAD: Enhancing Generalization and Robustness in Morphing Attack Detection via Self-Supervised Learning7 Apr 2025
- 2025Improving Adversarial Transferability on Vision Transformers via Forward Propagation Refinement19 Mar 2025
- 2025Improving Generalization of Universal Adversarial Perturbation via Dynamic Maximin Optimization17 Mar 2025
- 2025AdvAD: Exploring Non-Parametric Diffusion for Imperceptible Adversarial Attacks12 Mar 2025
- 2025Adversarial Robustness of Discriminative Self-Supervised Learning in Vision8 Mar 2025
- 2025Boosting the Local Invariance for Better Adversarial Transferability8 Mar 2025
- 2025One Stone, Two Birds: Enhancing Adversarial Defense Through the Lens of Distributional Discrepancy4 Mar 2025
- 2025Multi-Target Federated Backdoor Attack Based on Feature Aggregation23 Feb 2025
- 2025Enhancing Adversarial Transferability via Component-Wise Transformation21 Jan 2025
- 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability with Spatial Adversarial Alignment2 Jan 2025
- 2024Hiding Faces in Plain Sight: Defending DeepFakes by Disrupting Face Detection2 Dec 2024
- 2024Adversarial Attacks of Vision Tasks in the Past 10 Years: A Survey31 Oct 2024
- 2024FuseFL: One-Shot Federated Learning through the Lens of Causality with Progressive Model Fusion27 Oct 2024
- 2024On the Adversarial Transferability of Generalized "Skip Connections"11 Oct 2024
- 2024DarkSAM: Fooling Segment Anything Model to Segment Nothing26 Sep 2024
- 2024Revisiting Semi-supervised Adversarial Robustness via Noise-aware Online Robust Distillation19 Sep 2024
50 newest of 180 All 180 (JSON)
- 2023Better Diffusion Models Further Improve Adversarial Trainingcited by 207
- 2023Diffusion Models for Imperceptible and Transferable Adversarial Attackcited by 93
- 2023AdvDiff: Generating Unrestricted Adversarial Examples using Diffusion Modelscited by 46
- 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability by Stable Diffusioncited by 22
- 2023Defending against Adversarial Audio via Diffusion Modelcited by 20
- 2025ScoreAdv: Score-based Targeted Generation of Natural Adversarial Examples via Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2024EnTruth: Enhancing the Traceability of Unauthorized Dataset Usage in Text-to-image Diffusion Models with Minimal and Robust Alterationscited by 0
- 2025TRAIL: Transferable Robust Adversarial Images via Latent diffusioncited by 0
- 2025Latent Danger Zone: Distilling Unified Attention for Cross-Architecture Black-box Attackscited by 0
- 2025Latent Danger Zone: Distilling Unified Attention for Cross-Architecture Black-box Attacks23 Sep 2025
- 2025ScoreAdv: Score-based Targeted Generation of Natural Adversarial Examples via Diffusion Models8 Jul 2025
- 2025TRAIL: Transferable Robust Adversarial Images via Latent diffusion22 May 2025
- 2024EnTruth: Enhancing the Traceability of Unauthorized Dataset Usage in Text-to-image Diffusion Models with Minimal and Robust Alterations20 Jun 2024
- 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability by Stable Diffusion18 Nov 2023
- 2023AdvDiff: Generating Unrestricted Adversarial Examples using Diffusion Models24 Jul 2023
- 2023Diffusion Models for Imperceptible and Transferable Adversarial Attack14 May 2023
- 2023Defending against Adversarial Audio via Diffusion Model2 Mar 2023
- 2023Better Diffusion Models Further Improve Adversarial Training9 Feb 2023
- 2024One Perturbation is Enough: On Generating Universal Adversarial Perturbations against Vision-Language Pre-training Modelscited by 39
- 2024Adversarial Attacks of Vision Tasks in the Past 10 Years: A Surveycited by 22
- 2024Prompt-Driven Contrastive Learning for Transferable Adversarial Attackscited by 9
- 2025Enhancing Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Large Vision-Language Models via Intermediate Projectorcited by 5
- 2026Penny Wise, Pixel Foolish: Bypassing Price Constraints in Multimodal Agents via Visual Adversarial Perturbationscited by 3
- 2026Grounding-Driven Attack: Improving Encoder-based Adversarial Transferability against Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026If you're waiting for a sign... that might not be it! Mitigating Trust Boundary Confusion from Visual Injections on Vision-Language Agentic Systemscited by 1
- 2025Coordinated Robustness Evaluation Framework for Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026On Adversarial Vulnerability of Vision-Language Models through the Lens of Intermediate Spectral Subspacescited by 0
- 2026On Adversarial Vulnerability of Vision-Language Models through the Lens of Intermediate Spectral Subspaces8 Jul 2026
- 2026If you're waiting for a sign... that might not be it! Mitigating Trust Boundary Confusion from Visual Injections on Vision-Language Agentic Systems21 Apr 2026
- 2026Penny Wise, Pixel Foolish: Bypassing Price Constraints in Multimodal Agents via Visual Adversarial Perturbations15 Apr 2026
- 2026Grounding-Driven Attack: Improving Encoder-based Adversarial Transferability against Large Vision-Language Models10 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Targeted Adversarial Attacks on Large Vision-Language Models via Intermediate Projector19 Aug 2025
- 2025Coordinated Robustness Evaluation Framework for Vision-Language Models5 Jun 2025
- 2024Adversarial Attacks of Vision Tasks in the Past 10 Years: A Survey31 Oct 2024
- 2024Prompt-Driven Contrastive Learning for Transferable Adversarial Attacks30 Jul 2024
- 2024One Perturbation is Enough: On Generating Universal Adversarial Perturbations against Vision-Language Pre-training Models8 Jun 2024
- 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability via Model Alignmentcited by 10
- 2023Improving Adversarial Transferability via Model Alignment30 Nov 2023
- 2021Enhancing the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks through Variance Tuningcited by 242
- 2021Admix: Enhancing the Transferability of Adversarial Attackscited by 155
- 2022Frequency Domain Model Augmentation for Adversarial Attackcited by 128
- 2021Advances in adversarial attacks and defenses in computer vision: A surveycited by 127
- 2023AdvCLIP: Downstream-agnostic Adversarial Examples in Multimodal Contrastive Learningcited by 101
- 2023Rethinking Model Ensemble in Transfer-based Adversarial Attackscited by 88
- 2021Stochastic Variance Reduced Ensemble Adversarial Attack for Boosting the Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 84
- 2022Boosting the Transferability of Adversarial Attacks with Reverse Adversarial Perturbationcited by 67
- 2023VLATTACK: Multimodal Adversarial Attacks on Vision-Language Tasks via Pre-trained Modelscited by 66
- 2021On Generating Transferable Targeted Perturbationscited by 65
- 2023Boosting Adversarial Transferability by Block Shuffle and Rotationcited by 64
- 2023Structure Invariant Transformation for better Adversarial Transferabilitycited by 61
12 most cited of 160 All 160 (JSON)
- 2026WARP: A Unified Benchmark for Invisible Image Watermarking -- Robustness and Protection Against Attacks30 Sep 2026
- 2026Perspective-Invariant Attack with Enhanced Transferability of Adversarial Examples15 Aug 2026
- 2026Latent Transfer Attack: Adversarial Examples via Generative Latent Spaces6 Mar 2026
- 2026Devling into Adversarial Transferability on Image Classification: Review, Benchmark, and Evaluation26 Feb 2026
- 2026Zero-Sacrifice Persistent-Robustness Adversarial Defense for Pre-Trained Encoders10 Feb 2026
- 2025Enhancing Adversarial Transferability through Block Stretch and Shrink21 Nov 2025
- 2025Boosting Adversarial Transferability via Ensemble Non-Attention12 Nov 2025
- 2025Deep learning models are vulnerable, but adversarial examples are even more vulnerable7 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Deceptive Flatness: Dual-Order Solution for Strengthening Adversarial Transferability3 Nov 2025
- 2025Enhancing Adversarial Transferability by Balancing Exploration and Exploitation with Gradient-Guided Sampling1 Nov 2025
- 2025DASH: A Meta-Attack Framework for Synthesizing Effective and Stealthy Adversarial Examples18 Aug 2025
- 2025Adversarial Attacks on VQA-NLE: Exposing and Alleviating Inconsistencies in Visual Question Answering Explanations17 Aug 2025
12 newest of 160 All 160 (JSON)