mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Comparing BERT against traditional machine learning text classification

arXiv 2005.13012 ↗First posted 26 May 2020cs.CL cs.LG stat.MLcited by 45

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Abstract (arXiv)

The BERT model has arisen as a popular state-of-the-art machine learning model in the recent years that is able to cope with multiple NLP tasks such as supervised text classification without human supervision. Its flexibility to cope with any type of corpus delivering great results has make this approach very popular not only in academia but also in the industry. Although, there are lots of different approaches that have been used throughout the years with success. In this work, we first present BERT and include a little review on classical NLP approaches. Then, we empirically test with a suite of experiments dealing different scenarios the behaviour of BERT against the traditional TF-IDF vocabulary fed to machine learning algorithms. Our purpose of this work is to add empirical evidence to support or refuse the use of BERT as a default on NLP tasks. Experiments show the superiority of BERT and its independence of features of the NLP problem such as the language of the text adding empirical evidence to use BERT as a default technique to be used in NLP problems.

Key facts. Cited by 45 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 May 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 10; 2023: 13; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

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  4. 2023A Novel Patent Similarity Measurement Methodology: Semantic Distance and Technological Distancecited by 3
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  7. 2025Advances in Pre-trained Language Models for Domain-Specific Text Classification: A Systematic Reviewcited by 3
  8. 2021Textual Data Distributions: Kullback Leibler Textual Distributions Contrasts on GPT-2 Generated Texts, with Supervised, Unsupervised Learning on Vaccine & Market Topics & Sentimentcited by 2
  9. 2022Evaluating BERT-based Pre-training Language Models for Detecting Misinformationcited by 2
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  13. 2021Sentiment Analysis of the COVID-related r/Depression Postscited by 1
  14. 2022StonkBERT: Can Language Models Predict Medium-Run Stock Price Movements?cited by 1
  15. 2022Are We Really Making Much Progress in Text Classification? A Comparative Reviewcited by 1
  16. 2022Classification of Natural Language Processing Techniques for Requirements Engineeringcited by 1
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  18. 2023KhabarChin: Automatic Detection of Important News in the Persian Languagecited by 1
  19. 2024Fine-tuning Strategies for Domain Specific Question Answering under Low Annotation Budget Constraintscited by 1
  20. 2021Ad Text Classification with Transformer-Based Natural Language Processing Methodscited by 0
  21. 2022Feature Engineering vs BERT on Twitter Datacited by 0
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  26. 2023Imbalanced Multi-label Classification for Business-related Text with Moderately Large Label Spacescited by 0
  27. 2023A Framework for Monitoring and Retraining Language Models in Real-World Applicationscited by 0
  28. 2024Multi-level Product Category Prediction through Text Classificationcited by 0
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