mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep Learning Models for Multilingual Hate Speech Detection

arXiv 2004.06465 ↗First posted 14 Apr 2020cs.SI cs.CLcited by 49

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Abstract (arXiv)

Hate speech detection is a challenging problem with most of the datasets available in only one language: English. In this paper, we conduct a large scale analysis of multilingual hate speech in 9 languages from 16 different sources. We observe that in low resource setting, simple models such as LASER embedding with logistic regression performs the best, while in high resource setting BERT based models perform better. In case of zero-shot classification, languages such as Italian and Portuguese achieve good results. Our proposed framework could be used as an efficient solution for low-resource languages. These models could also act as good baselines for future multilingual hate speech detection tasks. We have made our code and experimental settings public for other researchers at https://github.com/punyajoy/DE-LIMIT.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 11; 2023: 5; 2024: 13; 2025: 6; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2022A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real Worldcited by 337
  2. 2021What's in the Box? A Preliminary Analysis of Undesirable Content in the Common Crawl Corpuscited by 79
  3. 2022Is Your Toxicity My Toxicity? Exploring the Impact of Rater Identity on Toxicity Annotationcited by 67
  4. 2021Language-Driven Image Style Transfercited by 36
  5. 2022Tell Me What Happened: Unifying Text-guided Video Completion via Multimodal Masked Video Generationcited by 32
  6. 2021A systematic review of Hate Speech automatic detection using Natural Language Processingcited by 26
  7. 2021Hate and Offensive Speech Detection in Hindi and Marathicited by 17
  8. 2024ToxiCraft: A Novel Framework for Synthetic Generation of Harmful Informationcited by 17
  9. 2021"Short is the Road that Leads from Fear to Hate": Fear Speech in Indian WhatsApp Groupscited by 13
  10. 2024MultiParaDetox: Extending Text Detoxification with Parallel Data to New Languagescited by 13
  11. 2024HateDay: Insights from a Global Hate Speech Dataset Representative of a Day on Twittercited by 12
  12. 2021Lex Rosetta: Transfer of Predictive Models Across Languages, Jurisdictions, and Legal Domainscited by 11
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  1. 2024BanTH: A Multi-label Hate Speech Detection Dataset for Transliterated Banglacited by 10
  2. 2021Bangla Natural Language Processing: A Comprehensive Analysis of Classical, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Based Methodscited by 8
  3. 2021IIITT@LT-EDI-EACL2021-Hope Speech Detection: There is always Hope in Transformerscited by 6
  4. 2021One to rule them all: Towards Joint Indic Language Hate Speech Detectioncited by 6
  5. 2021Abusive and Threatening Language Detection in Urdu using Boosting based and BERT based models: A Comparative Approachcited by 6
  6. 2022BLUE at Memotion 2.0 2022: You have my Image, my Text and my Transformercited by 5
  7. 2024Guardians of Discourse: Evaluating LLMs on Multilingual Offensive Language Detectioncited by 5
  8. 2024ToxiLab: How Well Do Open-Source LLMs Generate Synthetic Toxicity Data?cited by 5
  9. 2021Cross-lingual hate speech detection based on multilingual domain-specific word embeddingscited by 4
  10. 2022Which one is more toxic? Findings from Jigsaw Rate Severity of Toxic Commentscited by 4
  11. 2022Manifestations of Xenophobia in AI Systemscited by 4
  12. 2023Muted: Multilingual Targeted Offensive Speech Identification and Visualizationcited by 4
  13. 2024Exploring the Adversarial Capabilities of Large Language Modelscited by 4
  14. 2025MOLE: Metadata Extraction and Validation in Scientific Papers Using LLMscited by 4
  15. 2022Highly Generalizable Models for Multilingual Hate Speech Detectioncited by 3
  16. 2022A Review of Challenges in Machine Learning based Automated Hate Speech Detectioncited by 3
  17. 2022Human-in-the-Loop Hate Speech Classification in a Multilingual Contextcited by 3
  18. 2023Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection in Indo-Aryan Languages: A Battle of LSTM and Transformerscited by 3
  19. 2023Toxic language detection: a systematic review of Arabic datasetscited by 3
  20. 2024Cross-lingual Offensive Language Detection: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Transfer Approaches and Challengescited by 2
  21. 2024DIVERSE: A Dataset of YouTube Video Comment Stances with a Data Programming Modelcited by 2
  22. 2025A Survey of Machine Learning Models and Datasets for the Multi-label Classification of Textual Hate Speech in Englishcited by 2
  23. 2025Data-Efficient Hate Speech Detection via Cross-Lingual Nearest Neighbor Retrieval with Limited Labeled Datacited by 2
  24. 2025Toxicity Red-Teaming: Benchmarking LLM Safety in Singapore's Low-Resource Languagescited by 2
  25. 2021MIPT-NSU-UTMN at SemEval-2021 Task 5: Ensembling Learning with Pre-trained Language Models for Toxic Spans Detectioncited by 1
  26. 2022Going Extreme: Comparative Analysis of Hate Speech in Parler and Gabcited by 1
  27. 2024English offensive text detection using CNN based Bi-GRU modelcited by 1
  28. 2025Multilingual Hate Speech Detection in Social Media Using Translation-Based Approaches with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  29. 2026Multilingual Hate Speech Detection and Counterspeech Generation: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guidecited by 1
  30. 2022Large Language Models for Multi-label Propaganda Detectioncited by 0
  31. 2023Cordyceps@LT-EDI: Patching Language-Specific Homophobia/Transphobia Classifiers with a Multilingual Understandingcited by 0
  32. 2023Anti-Sexism Alert System: Identification of Sexist Comments on Social Media Using AI Techniquescited by 0
  33. 2024Efficient Models for the Detection of Hate, Abuse and Profanitycited by 0
  34. 2024AggregHate: An Efficient Aggregative Approach for the Detection of Hatemongers on Social Platformscited by 0
  35. 2024HateGPT: Unleashing GPT-3.5 Turbo to Combat Hate Speech on Xcited by 0
  36. 2025Social Hatred: Efficient Multimodal Detection of Hatemongerscited by 0
  37. 2026LLMs-Integrated Automatic Hate Speech Recognition Using Controllable Text Generation Modelscited by 0