Event Based, Near Eye Gaze Tracking Beyond 10,000Hz
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Abstract (arXiv)
The cameras in modern gaze-tracking systems suffer from fundamental bandwidth and power limitations, constraining data acquisition speed to 300 Hz realistically. This obstructs the use of mobile eye trackers to perform, e.g., low latency predictive rendering, or to study quick and subtle eye motions like microsaccades using head-mounted devices in the wild. Here, we propose a hybrid frame-event-based near-eye gaze tracking system offering update rates beyond 10,000 Hz with an accuracy that matches that of high-end desktop-mounted commercial trackers when evaluated in the same conditions. Our system builds on emerging event cameras that simultaneously acquire regularly sampled frames and adaptively sampled events. We develop an online 2D pupil fitting method that updates a parametric model every one or few events. Moreover, we propose a polynomial regressor for estimating the point of gaze from the parametric pupil model in real time. Using the first event-based gaze dataset, available at https://github.com/aangelopoulos/event_based_gaze_tracking , we demonstrate that our system achieves accuracies of 0.45 degrees--1.75 degrees for fields of view from 45 degrees to 98 degrees. With this technology, we hope to enable a new generation of ultra-low-latency gaze-contingent rendering and display techniques for virtual and augmented reality.
Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 10; 2024: 16; 2025: 19; 2026: 6.
53 papers.
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- 2023GET: Group Event Transformer for Event-Based Visioncited by 73
- 2022Event Transformer. A sparse-aware solution for efficient event data processingcited by 48
- 20233ET: Efficient Event-based Eye Tracking using a Change-Based ConvLSTM Networkcited by 30
- 2023Retina : Low-Power Eye Tracking with Event Camera and Spiking Hardwarecited by 27
- 2024Rethinking Efficient and Effective Point-based Networks for Event Camera Classification and Regression: EventMambacited by 18
- 2023TinyTracker: Ultra-Fast and Ultra-Low-Power Edge Vision In-Sensor for Gaze Estimationcited by 16
- 2023Asynchronous Blob Tracker for Event Camerascited by 15
- 2023Eye-tracked Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Survey on Methods and Privacy Challengescited by 12
- 2024Neuromorphic Face Analysis: a Surveycited by 9
- 2024Co-designing a Sub-millisecond Latency Event-based Eye Tracking System with Submanifold Sparse CNNcited by 8
- 2024FACET: Fast and Accurate Event-Based Eye Tracking Using Ellipse Modeling for Extended Realitycited by 8
- 2024Noise2Image: Noise-Enabled Static Scene Recovery for Event Camerascited by 7
38 more
- 2024CodedEvents: Optimal Point-Spread-Function Engineering for 3D-Tracking with Event Camerascited by 7
- 2022Privacy-Preserving Visual Localization with Event Camerascited by 6
- 2024FAPNet: An Effective Frequency Adaptive Point-based Eye Trackercited by 6
- 2023Self-supervised Learning of Event-guided Video Frame Interpolation for Rolling Shutter Framescited by 5
- 2023Accurate Eye Tracking from Dense 3D Surface Reconstructions using Single-Shot Deflectometrycited by 5
- 2025Event-Based Eye Tracking. 2025 Event-based Vision Workshopcited by 5
- 2024Modeling State Shifting via Local-Global Distillation for Event-Frame Gaze Trackingcited by 4
- 2024PrivateGaze: Preserving User Privacy in Black-box Mobile Gaze Tracking Servicescited by 4
- 2024EVIT: Event-based Visual-Inertial Tracking in Semi-Dense Maps Using Windowed Nonlinear Optimizationcited by 3
- 2024Evaluating Image-Based Face and Eye Tracking with Event Camerascited by 3
- 2024GG-SSMs: Graph-Generating State Space Modelscited by 3
- 2025FlatTrack: Eye-tracking with ultra-thin lensless camerascited by 3
- 2025EgoEvGesture: Gesture Recognition Based on Egocentric Event Cameracited by 3
- 2025GazeSCRNN: Event-based Near-eye Gaze Tracking using a Spiking Neural Networkcited by 3
- 2025Hardware, Algorithms, and Applications of the Neuromorphic Vision Sensor: a Reviewcited by 3
- 2025Event2Audio: Event-Based Optical Vibration Sensingcited by 3
- 2025evTransFER: A Transfer Learning Framework for Event-based Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 3
- 2023Optimization-Based Eye Tracking using Deflectometric Informationcited by 2
- 20243D Human Scan With A Moving Event Cameracited by 2
- 2024EyeTrAES: Fine-grained, Low-Latency Eye Tracking via Adaptive Event Slicingcited by 2
- 2025Event-based Solutions for Human-centered Applications: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 2
- 2025Automated Visual Attention Detection using Mobile Eye Tracking in Behavioral Classroom Studiescited by 2
- 2025EventTracer: Fast Path Tracing-based Event Stream Renderingcited by 2
- 2023Datasheets for Machine Learning Sensorscited by 1
- 2024FovealNet: Advancing AI-Driven Gaze Tracking Solutions for Optimized Foveated Rendering System Performance in Virtual Realitycited by 1
- 2025High-frequency near-eye ground truth for event-based eye trackingcited by 1
- 2025Event-based Facial Keypoint Alignment via Cross-Modal Fusion Attention and Self-Supervised Multi-Event Representation Learningcited by 1
- 2025Benchmarking Microsaccade Recognition with Event Cameras: A Novel Dataset and Evaluationcited by 1
- 2024Gaze-Vector Estimation in the Dark with Temporally Encoded Event-driven Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2025Inference-Time Gaze Refinement for Micro-Expression Recognition: Enhancing Event-Based Eye Tracking with Motion-Aware Post-Processingcited by 0
- 2025A3FR: Agile 3D Gaussian Splatting with Incremental Gaze Tracked Foveated Rendering in Virtual Realitycited by 0
- 2025ESCA: Enabling Seamless Codec Avatar Execution through Algorithm and Hardware Co-Optimization for Virtual Realitycited by 0
- 2025EETnet: a CNN for Gaze Detection and Tracking for Smart-Eyewearcited by 0
- 2025Realizing Fully-Integrated, Low-Power, Event-Based Pupil Tracking with Neuromorphic Hardwarecited by 0
- 2025Neuromorphic Eye Tracking for Low-Latency Pupil Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Enhancing Eye Feature Estimation from Event Data Streams through Adaptive Inference State Space Modelingcited by 0
- 2026Event-based Liveness Detection using Temporal Ocular Dynamics: An Exploratory Approachcited by 0
- 2026Low Latency Gaze Tracking via Latent Optical Sensingcited by 0
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2026Event-Based Motion Estimation via Oriented Distance Fields25 Aug 2026
- 2026ERF-GS: Reconstructing Fast Motion from Disjoint Event-RGB Viewpoints9 Aug 2026
- 2026EveLoad: Cognitive Workload Recognition from Event-Based Eye Movements23 Jun 2026
- 2026Low Latency Gaze Tracking via Latent Optical Sensing18 May 2026
- 2026Event-based Liveness Detection using Temporal Ocular Dynamics: An Exploratory Approach29 Apr 2026
- 2026Enhancing Eye Feature Estimation from Event Data Streams through Adaptive Inference State Space Modeling14 Mar 2026
- 2025Neuromorphic Eye Tracking for Low-Latency Pupil Detection10 Dec 2025
- 2025Realizing Fully-Integrated, Low-Power, Event-Based Pupil Tracking with Neuromorphic Hardware25 Nov 2025
- 2025EETnet: a CNN for Gaze Detection and Tracking for Smart-Eyewear6 Nov 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Microsaccade Recognition with Event Cameras: A Novel Dataset and Evaluation28 Oct 2025
- 2025ESCA: Enabling Seamless Codec Avatar Execution through Algorithm and Hardware Co-Optimization for Virtual Reality27 Oct 2025
- 2025Event-based Facial Keypoint Alignment via Cross-Modal Fusion Attention and Self-Supervised Multi-Event Representation Learning29 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025EventTracer: Fast Path Tracing-based Event Stream Rendering25 Aug 2025
- 2025evTransFER: A Transfer Learning Framework for Event-based Facial Expression Recognition5 Aug 2025
- 2025A3FR: Agile 3D Gaussian Splatting with Incremental Gaze Tracked Foveated Rendering in Virtual Reality5 Jul 2025
- 2025Event2Audio: Event-Based Optical Vibration Sensing4 Jul 2025
- 2025Inference-Time Gaze Refinement for Micro-Expression Recognition: Enhancing Event-Based Eye Tracking with Motion-Aware Post-Processing14 Jun 2025
- 2025Automated Visual Attention Detection using Mobile Eye Tracking in Behavioral Classroom Studies12 May 2025
- 2025Event-Based Eye Tracking. 2025 Event-based Vision Workshop25 Apr 2025
- 2025Hardware, Algorithms, and Applications of the Neuromorphic Vision Sensor: a Review11 Apr 2025
- 2025GazeSCRNN: Event-based Near-eye Gaze Tracking using a Spiking Neural Network20 Mar 2025
- 2025EgoEvGesture: Gesture Recognition Based on Egocentric Event Camera16 Mar 2025
- 2025Event-based Solutions for Human-centered Applications: A Comprehensive Review17 Feb 2025
- 2025High-frequency near-eye ground truth for event-based eye tracking5 Feb 2025
- 2025FlatTrack: Eye-tracking with ultra-thin lensless cameras26 Jan 2025
- 2024GG-SSMs: Graph-Generating State Space Models17 Dec 2024
- 2024FovealNet: Advancing AI-Driven Gaze Tracking Solutions for Optimized Foveated Rendering System Performance in Virtual Reality12 Dec 2024
- 2024EyeTrAES: Fine-grained, Low-Latency Eye Tracking via Adaptive Event Slicing27 Sep 2024
- 2024FACET: Fast and Accurate Event-Based Eye Tracking Using Ellipse Modeling for Extended Reality23 Sep 2024
- 2024Evaluating Image-Based Face and Eye Tracking with Event Cameras19 Aug 2024
- 2024EVIT: Event-based Visual-Inertial Tracking in Semi-Dense Maps Using Windowed Nonlinear Optimization2 Aug 2024
- 2024PrivateGaze: Preserving User Privacy in Black-box Mobile Gaze Tracking Services1 Aug 2024
- 2024CodedEvents: Optimal Point-Spread-Function Engineering for 3D-Tracking with Event Cameras13 Jun 2024
- 2024FAPNet: An Effective Frequency Adaptive Point-based Eye Tracker5 Jun 2024
- 2024Rethinking Efficient and Effective Point-based Networks for Event Camera Classification and Regression: EventMamba9 May 2024
- 2024Co-designing a Sub-millisecond Latency Event-based Eye Tracking System with Submanifold Sparse CNN22 Apr 2024
- 20243D Human Scan With A Moving Event Camera12 Apr 2024
- 2024Noise2Image: Noise-Enabled Static Scene Recovery for Event Cameras1 Apr 2024
- 2024Modeling State Shifting via Local-Global Distillation for Event-Frame Gaze Tracking31 Mar 2024
- 2024Gaze-Vector Estimation in the Dark with Temporally Encoded Event-driven Neural Networks5 Mar 2024
- 2024Neuromorphic Face Analysis: a Survey18 Feb 2024
- 2023Retina : Low-Power Eye Tracking with Event Camera and Spiking Hardware1 Dec 2023
- 2023GET: Group Event Transformer for Event-Based Vision4 Oct 2023
- 20233ET: Efficient Event-based Eye Tracking using a Change-Based ConvLSTM Network22 Aug 2023
- 2023Accurate Eye Tracking from Dense 3D Surface Reconstructions using Single-Shot Deflectometry14 Aug 2023
- 2023Asynchronous Blob Tracker for Event Cameras20 Jul 2023
- 2023TinyTracker: Ultra-Fast and Ultra-Low-Power Edge Vision In-Sensor for Gaze Estimation15 Jul 2023
- 2023Self-supervised Learning of Event-guided Video Frame Interpolation for Rolling Shutter Frames27 Jun 2023
- 2023Datasheets for Machine Learning Sensors15 Jun 2023
- 2023Eye-tracked Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Survey on Methods and Privacy Challenges23 May 2023
50 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2023GET: Group Event Transformer for Event-Based Visioncited by 73
- 2022Event Transformer. A sparse-aware solution for efficient event data processingcited by 48
- 20233ET: Efficient Event-based Eye Tracking using a Change-Based ConvLSTM Networkcited by 30
- 2023Retina : Low-Power Eye Tracking with Event Camera and Spiking Hardwarecited by 27
- 2024Rethinking Efficient and Effective Point-based Networks for Event Camera Classification and Regression: EventMambacited by 18
- 2023TinyTracker: Ultra-Fast and Ultra-Low-Power Edge Vision In-Sensor for Gaze Estimationcited by 16
- 2023Asynchronous Blob Tracker for Event Camerascited by 15
- 2023Eye-tracked Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Survey on Methods and Privacy Challengescited by 12
- 2024Neuromorphic Face Analysis: a Surveycited by 9
- 2024Co-designing a Sub-millisecond Latency Event-based Eye Tracking System with Submanifold Sparse CNNcited by 8
- 2024FACET: Fast and Accurate Event-Based Eye Tracking Using Ellipse Modeling for Extended Realitycited by 8
- 2024Noise2Image: Noise-Enabled Static Scene Recovery for Event Camerascited by 7
12 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2026Event-Based Motion Estimation via Oriented Distance Fields25 Aug 2026
- 2026ERF-GS: Reconstructing Fast Motion from Disjoint Event-RGB Viewpoints9 Aug 2026
- 2026EveLoad: Cognitive Workload Recognition from Event-Based Eye Movements23 Jun 2026
- 2026Low Latency Gaze Tracking via Latent Optical Sensing18 May 2026
- 2026Event-based Liveness Detection using Temporal Ocular Dynamics: An Exploratory Approach29 Apr 2026
- 2026Enhancing Eye Feature Estimation from Event Data Streams through Adaptive Inference State Space Modeling14 Mar 2026
- 2025Neuromorphic Eye Tracking for Low-Latency Pupil Detection10 Dec 2025
- 2025Realizing Fully-Integrated, Low-Power, Event-Based Pupil Tracking with Neuromorphic Hardware25 Nov 2025
- 2025EETnet: a CNN for Gaze Detection and Tracking for Smart-Eyewear6 Nov 2025
- 2025Benchmarking Microsaccade Recognition with Event Cameras: A Novel Dataset and Evaluation28 Oct 2025
- 2025ESCA: Enabling Seamless Codec Avatar Execution through Algorithm and Hardware Co-Optimization for Virtual Reality27 Oct 2025
- 2025Event-based Facial Keypoint Alignment via Cross-Modal Fusion Attention and Self-Supervised Multi-Event Representation Learning29 Sep 2025
12 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)