MIMII Dataset: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Factory machinery is prone to failure or breakdown, resulting in significant expenses for companies. Hence, there is a rising interest in machine monitoring using different sensors including microphones. In the scientific community, the emergence of public datasets has led to advancements in acoustic detection and classification of scenes and events, but there are no public datasets that focus on the sound of industrial machines under normal and anomalous operating conditions in real factory environments. In this paper, we present a new dataset of industrial machine sounds that we call a sound dataset for malfunctioning industrial machine investigation and inspection (MIMII dataset). Normal sounds were recorded for different types of industrial machines (i.e., valves, pumps, fans, and slide rails), and to resemble a real-life scenario, various anomalous sounds were recorded (e.g., contamination, leakage, rotating unbalance, and rail damage). The purpose of releasing the MIMII dataset is to assist the machine-learning and signal-processing community with their development of automated facility maintenance. The MIMII dataset is freely available for download at: https://zenodo.org/record/3384388
Key facts. Cited by 57 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 7; 2023: 7; 2024: 8; 2025: 11; 2026: 11.
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- 2021MLPerf Tiny Benchmarkcited by 118
- 2021Fully Learnable Deep Wavelet Transform for Unsupervised Monitoring of High-Frequency Time Seriescited by 29
- 2022Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Reviewcited by 28
- 2022MIMII DG: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection for Domain Generalization Taskcited by 23
- 2021DASVDD: Deep Autoencoding Support Vector Data Descriptor for Anomaly Detectioncited by 21
- 2023Energy-Based Models for Anomaly Detection: A Manifold Diffusion Recovery Approachcited by 17
- 2024MLPerf Power: Benchmarking the Energy Efficiency of Machine Learning Systems from Microwatts to Megawatts for Sustainable AIcited by 15
- 2021MIMII DUE: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection with Domain Shifts due to Changes in Operational and Environmental Conditionscited by 9
- 2021OutlierNets: Highly Compact Deep Autoencoder Network Architectures for On-Device Acoustic Anomaly Detectioncited by 8
- 2021Bandit Quickest Changepoint Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Anomalous Sound Detection using Audio Representation with Machine ID based Contrastive Learning Pretrainingcited by 7
- 2021Anomalous Sound Detection with Machine Learning: A Systematic Reviewcited by 5
38 more
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- 2022Learnable Wavelet Packet Transform for Data-Adapted Spectrogramscited by 5
- 2023Semi-Supervised Health Index Monitoring with Feature Generation and Fusioncited by 5
- 2024Deep Generic Representations for Domain-Generalized Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 4
- 2025A Review on Self-Supervised Learning for Time Series Anomaly Detection: Recent Advances and Open Challengescited by 4
- 2021Canonical Polyadic Decomposition and Deep Learning for Machine Fault Detectioncited by 3
- 2023Noisy-ArcMix: Additive Noisy Angular Margin Loss Combined With Mixup Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 3
- 2026SCENEBench: An Audio Understanding Benchmark Grounded in Assistive and Industrial Use Casescited by 3
- 2022Robust Audio Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
- 2022Hierarchical Conditional Variational Autoencoder Based Acoustic Anomaly Detectioncited by 2
- 2024Machine Anomalous Sound Detection Using Spectral-temporal Modulation Representations Derived from Machine-specific Filterbankscited by 2
- 2025FISHER: A Foundation Model for Multi-Modal Industrial Signal Comprehensive Representationcited by 2
- 2021Anomalous Sound Detection Using a Binary Classification Model and Class Centroidscited by 1
- 2021Health Monitoring of Industrial machines using Scene-Aware Threshold Selectioncited by 1
- 2023Acoustic Signal Analysis with Deep Neural Network for Detecting Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Machinescited by 1
- 2024Low-Power Vibration-Based Predictive Maintenance for Industry 4.0 using Neural Networks: A Surveycited by 1
- 2024Audio-based Anomaly Detection in Industrial Machines Using Deep One-Class Support Vector Data Descriptioncited by 1
- 2025From Vision to Sound: Advancing Audio Anomaly Detection with Vision-Based Algorithmscited by 1
- 2026OmniScientist: An Omni-Modal Omni-Discipline AI Scientistcited by 1
- 2021Audio Attacks and Defenses against AED Systems -- A Practical Studycited by 0
- 2021A Survey on Proactive Customer Care: Enabling Science and Steps to Realize itcited by 0
- 2022A data-driven modular architecture with denoising autoencoders for health indicator construction in a manufacturing processcited by 0
- 2022Discussion of Features for Acoustic Anomaly Detection under Industrial Disturbing Noise in an End-of-Line Test of Geared Motorscited by 0
- 2023A Smart Robotic System for Industrial Plant Supervisioncited by 0
- 2023A Generic Machine Learning Framework for Fully-Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with Contaminated Datacited by 0
- 2024Activity-Guided Industrial Anomalous Sound Detection against Interferencescited by 0
- 2024Consultation on Industrial Machine Faults with Large language Modelscited by 0
- 2024Temporal Convolution-based Hybrid Model Approach with Representation Learning for Real-Time Acoustic Anomaly Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Explainable AI guided unsupervised fault diagnostics for high-voltage circuit breakerscited by 0
- 2025MIMII-Agent: Leveraging LLMs with Function Calling for Relative Evaluation of Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 0
- 2025TinyML Towards Industry 4.0: Resource-Efficient Process Monitoring of a Milling Machinecited by 0
- 2025ESTM: An Enhanced Dual-Branch Spectral-Temporal Mamba for Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 0
- 2025A Domain Knowledge Informed Approach for Anomaly Detection of Electric Vehicle Interior Soundscited by 0
- 2025Noise Supervised Contrastive Learning and Feature-Perturbed for Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Contrastive Learning with Spectrum Information Augmentation in Abnormal Sound Detectioncited by 0
- 2025From Noise to Knowledge: A Comparative Study of Acoustic Anomaly Detection Models in Pumped-storage Hydropower Plantscited by 0
- 2026TLDiffGAN: A Latent Diffusion-GAN Framework with Temporal Information Fusion for Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Sub-Band Spectral Matching with Localized Score Aggregation for Robust Anomalous Sound Detectioncited by 0
50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026Do Time-Series Foundation Models Pay Off for Industrial Monitoring? A Cost-Aware Empirical Study24 Aug 2026
- 2026Low-Power, Neuromorphic, Acoustic Anomaly Detection for Persistent Machine Monitoring18 Aug 2026
- 2026OmniScientist: An Omni-Modal Omni-Discipline AI Scientist13 Aug 2026
- 2026MemNMF: Memory-Augmented NMF on LPC Spectra for Anomalous Sound Detection24 Jul 2026
- 2026Representation Matters in Randomized Smoothing for Audio Classification2 Jun 2026
- 2026Accurate Evaluation of Quickest Changepoint Detectors via Non-parametric Survival Analysis11 May 2026
- 2026Transformer Based Machine Fault Detection From Audio Input14 Apr 2026
- 2026Active noise cancellation on open-ear smart glasses7 Apr 2026
- 2026Sub-Band Spectral Matching with Localized Score Aggregation for Robust Anomalous Sound Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2026SCENEBench: An Audio Understanding Benchmark Grounded in Assistive and Industrial Use Cases10 Mar 2026
- 2026TLDiffGAN: A Latent Diffusion-GAN Framework with Temporal Information Fusion for Anomalous Sound Detection1 Feb 2026
- 2025From Noise to Knowledge: A Comparative Study of Acoustic Anomaly Detection Models in Pumped-storage Hydropower Plants26 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025Contrastive Learning with Spectrum Information Augmentation in Abnormal Sound Detection19 Sep 2025
- 2025Noise Supervised Contrastive Learning and Feature-Perturbed for Anomalous Sound Detection17 Sep 2025
- 2025A Domain Knowledge Informed Approach for Anomaly Detection of Electric Vehicle Interior Sounds16 Sep 2025
- 2025ESTM: An Enhanced Dual-Branch Spectral-Temporal Mamba for Anomalous Sound Detection2 Sep 2025
- 2025TinyML Towards Industry 4.0: Resource-Efficient Process Monitoring of a Milling Machine22 Aug 2025
- 2025MIMII-Agent: Leveraging LLMs with Function Calling for Relative Evaluation of Anomalous Sound Detection28 Jul 2025
- 2025Explainable AI guided unsupervised fault diagnostics for high-voltage circuit breakers25 Jul 2025
- 2025FISHER: A Foundation Model for Multi-Modal Industrial Signal Comprehensive Representation22 Jul 2025
- 2025From Vision to Sound: Advancing Audio Anomaly Detection with Vision-Based Algorithms25 Feb 2025
- 2025A Review on Self-Supervised Learning for Time Series Anomaly Detection: Recent Advances and Open Challenges25 Jan 2025
- 2024Audio-based Anomaly Detection in Industrial Machines Using Deep One-Class Support Vector Data Description14 Dec 2024
- 2024Temporal Convolution-based Hybrid Model Approach with Representation Learning for Real-Time Acoustic Anomaly Detection25 Oct 2024
- 2024MLPerf Power: Benchmarking the Energy Efficiency of Machine Learning Systems from Microwatts to Megawatts for Sustainable AI15 Oct 2024
- 2024Consultation on Industrial Machine Faults with Large language Models4 Oct 2024
- 2024Machine Anomalous Sound Detection Using Spectral-temporal Modulation Representations Derived from Machine-specific Filterbanks9 Sep 2024
- 2024Deep Generic Representations for Domain-Generalized Anomalous Sound Detection8 Sep 2024
- 2024Activity-Guided Industrial Anomalous Sound Detection against Interferences3 Sep 2024
- 2024Low-Power Vibration-Based Predictive Maintenance for Industry 4.0 using Neural Networks: A Survey1 Aug 2024
- 2023Semi-Supervised Health Index Monitoring with Feature Generation and Fusion5 Dec 2023
- 2023Acoustic Signal Analysis with Deep Neural Network for Detecting Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Machines2 Dec 2023
- 2023Energy-Based Models for Anomaly Detection: A Manifold Diffusion Recovery Approach28 Oct 2023
- 2023Noisy-ArcMix: Additive Noisy Angular Margin Loss Combined With Mixup Anomalous Sound Detection10 Oct 2023
- 2023A Generic Machine Learning Framework for Fully-Unsupervised Anomaly Detection with Contaminated Data25 Aug 2023
- 2023A Smart Robotic System for Industrial Plant Supervision10 Aug 2023
- 2023Anomalous Sound Detection using Audio Representation with Machine ID based Contrastive Learning Pretraining7 Apr 2023
- 2022Discussion of Features for Acoustic Anomaly Detection under Industrial Disturbing Noise in an End-of-Line Test of Geared Motors3 Nov 2022
- 2022A data-driven modular architecture with denoising autoencoders for health indicator construction in a manufacturing process10 Aug 2022
- 2022Hierarchical Conditional Variational Autoencoder Based Acoustic Anomaly Detection11 Jun 2022
- 2022Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Review29 May 2022
- 2022MIMII DG: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection for Domain Generalization Task27 May 2022
- 2022Robust Audio Anomaly Detection3 Feb 2022
- 2022Learnable Wavelet Packet Transform for Data-Adapted Spectrograms26 Jan 2022
- 2021Health Monitoring of Industrial machines using Scene-Aware Threshold Selection21 Nov 2021
- 2021A Survey on Proactive Customer Care: Enabling Science and Steps to Realize it11 Oct 2021
- 2021Bandit Quickest Changepoint Detection22 Jul 2021
- 2021Canonical Polyadic Decomposition and Deep Learning for Machine Fault Detection20 Jul 2021
- 2021MLPerf Tiny Benchmark14 Jun 2021
- 2021Audio Attacks and Defenses against AED Systems -- A Practical Study14 Jun 2021
50 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2021MLPerf Tiny Benchmarkcited by 118
- 2021Fully Learnable Deep Wavelet Transform for Unsupervised Monitoring of High-Frequency Time Seriescited by 29
- 2022Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Hardware: A Reviewcited by 28
- 2022MIMII DG: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection for Domain Generalization Taskcited by 23
- 2021DASVDD: Deep Autoencoding Support Vector Data Descriptor for Anomaly Detectioncited by 21
- 2023Energy-Based Models for Anomaly Detection: A Manifold Diffusion Recovery Approachcited by 17
- 2024MLPerf Power: Benchmarking the Energy Efficiency of Machine Learning Systems from Microwatts to Megawatts for Sustainable AIcited by 15
- 2021MIMII DUE: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection with Domain Shifts due to Changes in Operational and Environmental Conditionscited by 9
- 2021OutlierNets: Highly Compact Deep Autoencoder Network Architectures for On-Device Acoustic Anomaly Detectioncited by 8
- 2021Bandit Quickest Changepoint Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Anomalous Sound Detection using Audio Representation with Machine ID based Contrastive Learning Pretrainingcited by 7
- 2021Anomalous Sound Detection with Machine Learning: A Systematic Reviewcited by 5
12 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026Do Time-Series Foundation Models Pay Off for Industrial Monitoring? A Cost-Aware Empirical Study24 Aug 2026
- 2026Low-Power, Neuromorphic, Acoustic Anomaly Detection for Persistent Machine Monitoring18 Aug 2026
- 2026OmniScientist: An Omni-Modal Omni-Discipline AI Scientist13 Aug 2026
- 2026MemNMF: Memory-Augmented NMF on LPC Spectra for Anomalous Sound Detection24 Jul 2026
- 2026Representation Matters in Randomized Smoothing for Audio Classification2 Jun 2026
- 2026Accurate Evaluation of Quickest Changepoint Detectors via Non-parametric Survival Analysis11 May 2026
- 2026Transformer Based Machine Fault Detection From Audio Input14 Apr 2026
- 2026Active noise cancellation on open-ear smart glasses7 Apr 2026
- 2026Sub-Band Spectral Matching with Localized Score Aggregation for Robust Anomalous Sound Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2026SCENEBench: An Audio Understanding Benchmark Grounded in Assistive and Industrial Use Cases10 Mar 2026
- 2025From Noise to Knowledge: A Comparative Study of Acoustic Anomaly Detection Models in Pumped-storage Hydropower Plants26 Sep 2025
- 2025Contrastive Learning with Spectrum Information Augmentation in Abnormal Sound Detection19 Sep 2025
12 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)